2. Why is Råpa so called?
• Råpa is so called because it is
deformed, oppressed, broken
by adverse physical conditions
such as heat, cold, wind,
sunburn, hunger, thirst,
poison, by flies, mosquitoes,
snake and so on.
3. Matter is 2 folds
• Great elements (Mah -bhåta) – 4
• Derived materiality (Updya-råpa) – 24
7. Why Necessary to Know Matter?
• The Buddha:
“A bhikkhu understands as it really is: ‘All
materiality of whatever kind consists of the four
great elements and materiality derived from the
four great elements.’”
And The Buddha says that without this
knowledge, the bhikkhu is incapable of growth,
increase, and fulfillment in this Dhamma and
Vinaya.
8. 4 Great Elements4 Great Elements
1. Earth ElementsElements(pathavã-dhàtu)
2. Water ElementsElements(àpo-dhàtu)
3. Fire ElementsElements(tejo-dhàtu)
4. Wind ElementsElements(vàyo-dhàtu)
9. Earth Element
• Characteristic = hardness
• Function = to act as a support or foundation for
the coexisting material phenomena
• Manifestation = as receiving coexisting material
phenomena
• Proximate cause = the other 3 great elements
10. Water Element
• Characteristic = flowing.
• Function = to intensify the coexisting matter
• Manifestation = as the holding together or
cohesion of coexisting matter
• Proximate cause = the other 3 great elements
11. Fire Element
• Characteristic = heat or cold.
• Function = to matures or ripens coxeisting material phenomena.
• Manifestation = as a continuous supply of softness.
• Proximate cause = the other 3 great elements
• Four components of body in which fire element is predominant.
1. Heat that warms the body
2. Heat that causes maturing and ageing
3. Heat of fever
4. Digestive heat
12. Wind Element
• Characteristic = supporting.
• Function = to cause motion and movement in
the other materiality.
• Manifestation = as conveying to other places.
• Proximate cause = the other 3 great elements
13. six types of wind In our body
1. Wind that moves upwards, causing belching,
coughs, sneezing and related illness.
2. Wind that moves downwards, causing bowel
movement and frequent motion.
3. Wind that moves about in the visceral cavity,
apart from the large and small intestines.
4. Wind that moves about inside the large and
small intestines. The wind which is in the
intestines, push down the food that is eaten
5. Wind that moves within the limbs.
6. Wind inhaled and exhaled by us.
14. How 4 elements co-exist?
• The 4 great elements are founded upon
the earth element, held together by the
water element, maintained by the fire
element, and distended by the wind
element.
15. 28 kinds of MaterialityMateriality
18 Real
Materiality
(Concretely
Produced
Materiality)
10 Non-real materiality
(Non-concretely
Produced
Materiality)
16. 18 Real (Concretely Produced)
Materiality
4 Great Elements
5 Sensitive Materiality Eye– Ear– Nose- Tongue– Body
4 Objective Materiality Colour– Sound- Smell– Taste
2 Sex Materiality Masculinity– Femininity
1 Heart Base
1 Life Faculty
1 Nutritive Essence
17. Pure Octad Kalàpa
1.Earth element
2.Water
3.Fire
4.Wind
5.Colour
6.Smell
7.Taste
8.Nutritive Essence
18. 5 Sensitive Materiality
Eye Sensitivity (Cakkhu-pasāda)
• The sensitivity of primary elements that is
ready for the impact of visible object.
• The sensitivity substance in the retina that
registers color or light.
• It serves as a physical base for eye-
consciousness.
20. Ear Sensitivity (Sota-pasāda)
• The sensitivity of primary elements that is
ready for the impact of sound.
• It is the sensitivity substance found inside
the ear hole that registers sound.
• It serves as physical base for ear
consciousness.
22. Nose Sensitivity (Ghāna-pasāda)
• The sensitivity of primary elements that is
ready for the impact of smell.
• It is the sensitivity substance found inside
the nose that registers smell.
• It serves as physical base for nose
consciousness.
23. Nose Decad Kalàpa
1.Earth element
2.Water
3.Fire
4.Wind
5.Colour
6.Smell
7.Taste
8.Nutritive Essence
9.Life Faculty
10.Nose sensitivity
24. Tongue Sensitivity (Jivhā-pasāda)
• The sensitivity of primary elements that is
ready for impact of taste.
• It is the sensitive substance found diffused
over the tongue that registers taste.
• It is the physical base for tongue
consciousness.
26. Body Sensitivity (kāya-pasāda)
• The sensitivity of primary elements that is
ready for impact of tangible objects.
• It extends all over the body that is
sensitive to touch or tangible object.
• It serves as a physical base for body
consciousness.
27. Body Decad Kalàpa
1.Earth element
2.Water
3.Fire
4.Wind
5.Colour
6.Smell
7.Taste
8.Nutritive Essence
9.Life Faculty
10.Body sensitivity
28. 4 Objective Materiality
(Colour– Sound- Smell– Taste)
1. Colour :
(a) Characteristic = impinge eye sensitivity.
(b) Function = to be the object of eye consciousness and mental
factor associated with it.
2. Sound:
(a) Characteristic = impinge ear sensitivity.
(b) Function = to be the object of ear consciousness and mental
factor associated with it.
3. Smell:
(a) Characteristic = impinge nose sensitivity.
(b) Function = to be the object of nose consciousness and mental
factor associated with it.
4. Taste:
(a) Characteristic = impinge tongue sensitivity.
(b) Function = to be the object of tongue consciousness and
mental factor associated with it.
29. 2 Sexual Phenomena (bhàva-råpa)
Female faculty
• to show that “this is female”.
• It manifests through the mark, sign, work,
deportment and ways of the female.
• It is found all over the body.
30. Male Faculty
• To show that “this is a male”.
• It manifests through marks, sign, work and
the ways of the male.
• It is found all over the body.
31. Male Sexual Decad Kalàpa
1. Earth element
2. Water
3. Fire
4. Wind
5. Colour
6. Smell
7. Taste
8. Nutritive Essence
9. Life Faculty
10. Male Faculty
Female Sexual Decad Kalàpa
1. Earth element
2. Water
3. Fire
4. Wind
5. Colour
6. Smell
7. Taste
8. Nutritive Essence
9. Life Faculty
10. Female Faculty
2 Sexual Phenomena
32. Heart-Base (Hadaya-vatthu)
• Being the material support for all
consciousness except five sense
consciousness.
• It is found in the blood of the heart.
• Each consciousness arises depending on
only one heart-base.
33. Heart Base Decad Kalàpa
1.Earth element
2.Water
3.Fire
4.Wind
5.Colour
6.Smell
7.Taste
8.Nutritive Essence
9.Life Faculty
10.Heart Base
34. Life Faculty (Jīvitindriya)
• It is a vital force in materiality that sustains
the life of co-existing ten materiality.
• It maintains only kamma-produced
materiality, such as eye, ear, nose and so
on.
35. Life Nonad Kalàpa
1.Earth element
2.Water
3.Fire
4.Wind
5.Colour
6.Smell
7.Taste
8.Nutritive Essence
9.Life Faculty
37. 18 Real Matter
• Matter possessing intrinsic nature
(sabhàva-
råpa)
• Matter possessing common characteristics
(salakkhaa-
råpa)
• As concretely produced matter
(nipphanna-
råpa)
Editor's Notes
When weather is cold
Maha bhuta is like earth , derived materiality is like tree, derived materiality arises depand on great elements
Rupa is powerful at static stage
Rupa cannot arise singly but as a group, at least 8.
It represents the principle of extension. It is due to this element of extension that objects occupy space
Without water element to cohere the mountain, the mountain will disappear instantly. Another
It binds the other 3 elements of earth, wind and fire so that they can stand together and depend on oneIt makes different particles of matter cohere, thereby preventing them from being scattered about.
The liveliness of all beings and plants is preserved by this fire element
One can sit erect due to wind element, move forward and backward
All rupa ranging from immense mountain to sub-atomic particle aare formed by these 4 ele
Why called concretely produced materially?
Not eye itself ,but the sensitivity in the retina that register colour.
Color, sound, smell, taste are internal. Each kalapa has different color, kalapa in blood has red colour, teeth has white color
Each kalapa different taste , sour taste in stomach
All rupa arises in a group, with at least 8 elements.
Result of past kamma. Somebody in the past prayed for beautiful eyes.
Eye sen is assisted by the four great ele whose functions are uphollding, cohering, maturing, and moving,. It is supported by temperature, con,and nutriment, it is maintained by life, it is furnish by colour, smell, taste,and nutriment. as
Inside ear hole ,not other place.
Arises in a group called
Result of kamma. A lady who is ugly but her touch is extremly pleasant.
Our sense faculty do not have enough resolution to detect the minute details of matters and mind. Therefore, we cannot breakdown the compactness of rupa and nama.
For example a computer monitor or a TV monitor may consist of 1024x1024 dots. When these dots are excited by electron signals they display colors. Because the compactness of the dots (1024x1024 = 1,048,576 dots), which beyond the resolution of human eyes, the image appears on a monitor appear to us as a complete image.
Each dot on a monitor is formed by photo sensitive material, which will display different colors under different exciting frequency and intensity.
The movie is the manifestation of our incapability of breaking down the compactness of rupa kalapa. It is known that a movie consists of discrete frames of images. When these discrete frames of images are played in high speed our eyes are incapable to discern the gap between two frames. As a consequence, the movement of the discrete images in the film appears to us as continuous movement.
Mark; mostauch, beard. , deportment: the way women walk, doing things ,when see the way somebody walk , know she is man or women .;work they engage; more subtle like nursse….Nowaday..
They arise at the moment of conception according to one”s wish or Kamma.
Sorreya.while on his way for a bath in a carriage saw th e golden-hued body of the ”How I wish the monk were my wife, or else that my wife’s complexion were like his”.Remarried, 2 sons were born……Maha Kaccayana was invited for house dana. After the meal, told Him all the story and asked for forgiveness. Lady Sorreya cahanged back to male sorreya. Told his husband:”first I am a man, then became a woman, now have begun a man again. Father of 2 sons, mother of 2 sons , having gone through 2 transformation in one existewnce, no desire for household life. Maha kaccana ordained him. He was often asked: ”Whom do you loved more, the two sons you had as a father or the other two you had as a mother? Reply;My love for those born of my womb was greater. Felt much annoyed and ashamed. Stayed in solitude tried diligently .. “no personal attachment to anybody.” Buddha: what good neither mother nor father nor any other kinsmen can do to a man, a well –directed mind does to him and thereby ennobles him.
Only 1 sexual faculty found .For she hemorprodiate.when she develops attacment to woman, her female faculty becomes hidden . Her male faculty becomes prominent. Result of kamma=sexual misconduct.
Buddha did not mention directly heart-base, it is commentary explained it Last book,Buddha said: depanding on certain matter, mind element and mind con element arise.
Cannot be found in other matter produced by temperature, citta and nutriment
, like the water in the pond that prevents the lotus from withering. Thus, the life-faculty maintains the life of conascent kinds of matter
they are directly produced by conditions such as kamma, consciousness, temperature, and nutriment
