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This Photo Album is one of the final products of Erasmus + Project "70 Years of European History (1945-2015)" and it is also the final
result of the team work between students and teachers from the following schools:
-EveningHighSchoolof Aigaleo,Athens,Greece
-MaçkaAnadolu İmamHatip Lisesi,Macka,Turkey
-LiceumOgolnosztalcaceim. AdamaMickiewicza,OpoleLubelskie,Poland
-LiceulTehnologic,GrigoreC. Moisil"Buzau,Buzau,Romania
-Associazioneperlo sviluppoculturale "Plateja",Taranto,Italy
-Agrupamentode EscolasAugustoCabrita,Barreiro,Portugal
-IESClaraCampoamor,La Solana,Spain
-Gymnazium,Ceskolipska 373,Praha 9, Prague,CzechRepublic
This Project emerged from the need to fulfill numerous gaps in what concerns the period of European History that followed the Second
World War until the present day. In this way, it was possible to identify that most students were not familiar with important facts and
events which are crucial for the full exercise of the European citizenship.
Thus, the purpose of this project was to grant all the students and teachers of the different partner schools the opportunity to research
and develop partnership works about the major historical, artistic and scientific events in the period under study.
So, the history of the Photo Album starts at the end of the Second World War and pretends to illustrate through photos collected from
the different partners, some of the moments that marked European History during this period. We tried not to use familiar photos and
collect the ones which weren’t so well known to the general public.
The album doesn’t follow an accurate timeline. It is organized in unifying themes such as:
- Behindthe Curtin– where we can see captured images behind the iron curtain during the Cold War;
- Difficult timesafterthe war – where we pretend to portray events that occurred after the Second World War;
- Somethingwent wrong– where we illustrate some environmental and ecological disasters;
- War and Terrorism – where we intend to show that, unfortunately, the end of the Second World War, hasn’t brought peace for
everybody yet and that there are other conflicts still prevailing;
- Fighting for freedom – where we illustrate important moments with people struggling for freedom and defense of the Human Rights in
several European countries;
- The photographerwasthere – where we can view some historical curiosities that are not usually disclosed;
- Once we were heroes– where the statues have fallen down the pedestal and heroes are understood in a different perspective;
- Towardsthe future– where we show technological examples and changes that have brought progress to Europe.
To accomplish this Photo Album we used different tools and we had to do an exhaustive research on this topic.
We believe that this Album has contributed to: the development of different language skills, research using different means, use
different technologies, do editing-related work and collaborative and group work; etc.
The Photo Album is a useful work instrument that can be used by all the members of the educational community as a starting point for
the study of European History over the last 70 years.
In our point of view, the Photo Album has contributed to lead our students to stand up and make critical reflections towards the world
they live in and to develop critical attitudes towards European History. Therefore, the feeling of belonging to the same community may
lead them to build a better world, without wars, a world that promotes solidarity, respect for the Human Rights and the integration of all
in a unique community – a European Union.
Behind the
iron curtain
3
The building of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 divided families and
neighborhoods in what had been the capital of Germany. The Wall
represents a uniquely squalid, violent, and ultimately futile, episode
in the post-war world. Life was changed overnight in Berlin. Streets,
subway lines, bus lines, tramlines, canals and rivers were divided.
Family members, friends, lovers, schoolmates, work colleagues and
others were abruptly separated. In some cases, children had been
visiting their grandparents on the other side of the border and were
suddenlycut off fromtheirparents.
4
BerlinWallErectedby USSR(1961)
5
An exchangeof spiesandprisonerson Glienicke bridge,1986
During the era of Cold War, many spies, but also many innocent
citizens of rivaling world powers, were captured and imprisoned
on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Some of those prisoners were
laterfreedor swappedfor political reasons.
Manin frontof a war tank
Emil Gallo, a Slovak plumber, standing in front of a Warsaw Pact
tank and baring his chest in a gesture of protest during the invasion
of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Taken on Šafárikovo námestie in
Bratislava,Slovakia.
6
Mathias Rust's Cessna 172 that landed illegally in the Red Square on May 28,
1987. A German amateur pilot that flew from Finland to Moscow (while being
tracked by the Soviet air defense as well as Soviet Jet Interceptors - which never
receivedpermissionto fire).
Romania - During communism all the 8 year old
children were made “pionier” (pioneer). There
were celebrations and everybody was very proud
to become a responsible communist. This picture
was taken in front of the Mausoleum in Marasesti
where the heroes of the 1st World War are
buried.
7
The Socialist Fraternal Kiss between Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker,
1979
Endof Communism
8
Endof CommunismTearingthe BerlinWalldown,1989
9
10
Difficult times
after war
11
ValkaLager,Nuremberg,WestGermany,1950
A desolate image that captures the trauma of a Europe recovering
from the Second World War. Valka Lager was set up in 1946
on the site of a former war prisoner’s camp. After the war it
started to house refugees from the Baltic states and other
countries in Eastern Europe who had been displaced by the war.
As late as 1951, it was still the home of more than 4,000 refugees.
The end of World War Two brought in its wake the largest
population movements in European history. Many people were
displaced during the war and it was very hard for them to return
home.
12
A girl who grew up in a concentration camp draws a picture of
“home”whilelivingin a residencefor disturbedchildren,1948
This photograph was taken by Chim (David Seymour) in a home for
emotionally disturbed children located in Warsaw, 1948. There are
a few versions of this image, but most of the captions mention that
the subject grew up inside a concentration camp. There’s little
information about the girl’s identity, her name was Tereszka, a
diminutive version of Teresa. Her eyes are piercing, like a window
to her soul. Not the eyes of an innocent youth. She’s probably
experiencedhorrorsat thatage.
13
A German child meets her father, a WW2 soldier, for the first time
sinceshewas1 yearold,1956
The event of this famous photo was taken on what’s known as “Die
Heimkehr der Zehntausend” (The Return of the 10,000), as they
were the last GermanPOWsin the SovietUnion to be released.
On a visit to Moscow in the fall 1955, Konrad Adenauer secured
the release of the last approximately 10,000 German POWs from
Soviet prisons. In return, the Federal Republic agreed to establish
diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. West German press
reports emphasized how well the newly released men had
survived their time in prison and how glad they were to reprise
their roles as family breadwinners. The Soviets temporarily halted
the release of prisoners when it became clear that the Federal
Republic was seeking to delay the agreed-on exchange of
ambassadorsfor as longas possible.
14
Romania: Butcher’s Photo: Bărăgan - Sometime in that period
Photographer:ValeriuButoi
SPAIN
RationcardfromtheSpanishpostwar
15
SPAIN
1955-1975. More than a million Spaniards emigrated to Europe
(especially to France,Germanyand Switzerland).
16
Theruinsof Dresden,1945
At the end of World War Two the city of Dresden was in ruins, all its
buildings were destroyed and thousands of civilians were dead. The
order by Allied commanders to heavily bomb Dresden towards the
end of the war has become one of the most controversial decisions
madein the Europeantheater.
Interestingfacts:
Of 28,410 houses in central Dresden, 24,866 were destroyed. 15 sq
km totally demolished—of which there were: 14,000 homes, 72
schools, 22 hospitals, 19 churches, 5 theaters, 50 banks, 31
department stores,31 hotelsand 62 administrativebuildings.
17
18
Something
went wrong
19
Vajont dam disaster
The picture represents the consequences of one of the
greatest natural disasters that occurred in the North of Italy in
1963. On 9 October 1963, during initial filling, a massive
landslide caused a man-made tsunami in the lake in which 50
million cubic metres of water overtopped the dam in a 250-
metre wave, leading to the complete destruction of several
villages and towns, and 1917 deaths.
20
The Italian luxury liner Andrea Doria sank in July 1956
At 11:10 p.m. the Italian ocean liner Andrea Doria and the
Swedish ocean liner Stockholm collide in a heavy Atlantic fog.
Fifty-one passengers and crew were killed in the collision.
Miraculously, all 1660 survivors on the Andrea Doria were
rescued from the ship before it sunk late the next morning.
Both ships were equipped with sophisticated radar systems
and authorities were puzzled as to the cause of the accident.
Theremainsof the astronautVladimirKomarov,
a manwho fellfromspace, 1967
Mankind’s road to the stars had its unsung heroes. One of
them was the Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. His
spaceflight on Soyuz 1 made him the first Soviet
cosmonaut to fly into outer space more than once, and he
became the first human to die on a space mission—he
was killed when the Soyuz 1 space capsule crashed after
re-entry on April 24, 1967 due to a parachute failure.
However, because he died when the capsule crashed into
ground, he is not considered the first human fatality in
outer space. This photograph shows the charred remains
of Komarov being looked over by Soviet officials during his
open casket funeral. Only a chipped heel bone survived
the crash.
21
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant sits crippled two to
three days after the explosion in Chernobyl, Ukraine in
April, 1986. In front of the chimney is the destroyed 4th
reactor
22
The Elephant’s Foot of the Chernobyl disaster, 1986
23
24
War and
terrorism
25
Sevenhorsesof the Queen’sHouseholdCavalry
lie deadaftertheIRA detonateda nailbomb, 1982
Ireland – IRAUK_Irish “Troubles” in Norther Ireland
(1969-98)
26
The long walk - A British army bomb disposal specialist
approachesa suspectvehiclein NorthernIreland,early‘’70.
27
FemaleIRA fighter,1970s
Thephotowastakenby the Irishphotographer ColmanDoyle.
The gun the girl is showing is ArmaLite AR-18. It was obtained by
the IRA from the US in the early 1970s and became an emotive
symbol of IRA armed campaign. The IRA fighters nicknamed this
gun“theWidowmaker“.
In Ireland, there were women both in Republican groups such as
the IRA, which are fighting against British forces in Northern
Ireland, as well as in groups of Loyalists who are pro-state and
support the continuation of British rule of the area. Usually the
IRA women cadres performed certain non-military roles, in
which they exploited traditional stereotypes of gender. They
used to hide and carry weapons, as the British soldiers were
loath to body search women because of the tremendous public
revulsionit wouldcreate.
28
Warin the Kosovo
Serbian Police patrol searching for possible KLA positions near
Glogovac,21st of March,1999.
Srebrenica massacre, slaying of more than 7,000 Bosniak
(Bosnian Muslim) boys and men, perpetrated by Bosnian Serb
forces in Srebrenica, a town in eastern Bosnia and
Herzegovina, in July1995.
29
FormerURSS
A column of Russian tanks makes its way towards Tskhinvali in the
breakaway Georgian province of South Ossetia, where fighting has
killedthousands.
Russia Invades Georgia (2008): Separatists in South Ossetia and
Abkhazia, traditionally backed by Russia, begin an armed insurgency
against Georgia, which maintained control over the two regions. In
the aftermath of the Kosovo separation from Serbia, Russia felt
empowered to support these separatist movements, knowing the
international community, which largely favoured Kosovo's
secession, would have little ground to stand on against the move. In
which case, Russia sent troops to expel Georgian troops from the
two regions, after which it recognized the two new independent
republics..
30
“Man has conquered everything and destroyed millions of plants,
yet this one won't submit." - Leo Tolstoy comparing the Thistle plant
to a Chechen.
First Chechen War (1994-96): When the Russian republic of
Chechnya attempted to break away from the Federation, Russia
mobilizedits armyto assertcontrol.
31
SPAIN
2004 - Terrorist Jihadist attacks on 11th March in Madrid: almost
200deadpeople
32
Paris2015
The November 2015 Paris attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist
attacks that occurred on Friday 13 November 2015 in Paris and in the
city's northern suburb, Saint-Denis.
33
34
Fighting for
freedom
35
36
FranceMay68
An unequal struggle: throwing stones of the sidewalk
againstteargases
FranceMay 68
Youthcelebratesa new world
TheBarricades
37
Aftera nightof barricadeslifegoesonTheold worldtakesa glanceat the newone
38
Fixingthe damages
39
Portugal CarnationRevolution During the Carnation Revolution, Lisbon was the stage of several
demonstrations. The factory workers wanted to see their rights
respected and lots of strikes took place in 1974 and 1975. Most of
the workers wanted to earn more money and work less hours. They
were fed up of their bosses who treated them like slaves during the
Dictatorship. In these images we can see workers with bands that say
”AgainstFascism,popularforce”.
40
Demonstrationagainstfascismin Lisbon
41
Czechoslovakia
Colectivization 1948-1960(1989)
These are some of the people who protest against collectivization which is
managed by Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. It took a lot of years. The
very first start was in 1948 and the end was in 1960. But it faded out till
year 1989. We can see how desperate the people look while they fought
fortheirown fieldsandproperties.
42
Romania
Revolutionists in a truck of the Army. 16th
December- 25th December1989
Place:Bucharest, Romania
Outcome: Revolutionists’ victory, institution of
democracy and execution of Ceaușescu and
hiswife.
43
Romania
December1989
Place:Bucharest, Romania
Revolutionists on the groundon the palaceSquare.
44
“Loukanikos”: the famousGreekriotdog
Riot dog is a term used by English-speaking media denoting
any of the stray dogs that, in recent years, accompany street
protestersin Athens, Greece.
It has been observed that a number of these dogs remain
among the protesters even when violent rioting breaks
out. Some of the dogs have been prominently featured in
media reportage on the protests. Greece's Riot Dogs have
acquired, through the years, a large following of fans around
the world.
Greece
45
46
The
photographer
was there
47
48
WestBerlinpolicemenandEastGermansoldiersfaceeachother
aftera younggirlmadeit acrossthe border,1955
775confirmedkillingsin one picture, 1945
Female snipers of the 3rd Shock Army, 1st
BelorussianFront.
Total number of confirmed killings: 775.
Phototakenin Germany,May4, 1945.
Emil Cioran, Eugen Ionescu and Mircea Eliade
Eugen Ionescu met Emil Cioran and Mircea Eliade between 1928 –
1933, when he was a student at the University of Bucharest. The
three remained good friends for their whole lives. This photo
shows them at Place Furstenberg in Paris, in 1986. It is one of the
very few photos which shows them together and maybe the last
picture of Mircea Eliade (who died on 22nd April 1986).
49
The last photo of all four Beatles together, August 22,
1969.
Mona Lisa being returned to its home at the Louvre
in Paris,France,afterWW2.1945.
50
Troppingthe ColourParade
A guard of honor passes out as Queen Elizabeth II rides past
duringthe Troopingthe ColourParade,1970
51
52
Once we
were heroes
53
SPAIN
1975 - Franco died. The dictatorship began to collapse and the
transitionto a democracystartedits firststeps.Eisenhower´s visit to Franco in Spain, 1959
54
Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev drinking wine from a drinking
hornin the SovietRepublicof Georgia,1963
55
An assassinationattempton the Pope’slife JohnPaulII ’s funeral
56
PopeBenedictusXVI
57
Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Szalasi is given the last rites before being hanged as a
collaboratorin 1946
58
A Soviet soldier carrying Hitler’s
head,aftercapturingBerlinin 1945 Breakupof Lenine’sMonument
59
60
Towards the
future
61
Workerand supervisorat a car factory,Moscow, 1954
The distance between the two of them is too close. The worker has his
hands not hanging loose, but slightly raised as though preparing to make a
move. Meanwhile, the supervisor has that one hand at the collar of her
dress like she’s trying to slightly spread it more and draw attention to her
chest. The scene just screams sexual tension. Or, since it’s a factory, it’s
just really loud and they have to be close to hear what the hell the other
personis saying.And everythingelseis a happycoincidence.
Photo taken by photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson during his visit to the
ZIS car factory in Moscow. ZIS is an acronym for “Factory named for Stalin”
and it was a major Soviet automobile, truck, military vehicle, and heavy
equipment manufacturer. The factory also produced luxury armored cars
formostSovietleaders.
Henri Cartier-Bresson was the first Western photographer to be allowed to
visitSovietUnionafterthe deathof JosefStalin, in 1953.
(Photo credit: Henri Cartier-Bresson/Magnum Photos. Colored by:
Klimbim).
62
In the yearsof Spanisheconomictake-off,the 600 wasa
symbolof the newmiddleclass
SPAIN
TheTalgotrain.An innovativedesignof the Spanishindustry,1963
63
A car factoryin Europe
The assembly line of Porsche 911's at the
Stuttgartfactory,1970
64
Thefirstautomatedtellermachinein London
Interestingfacts:
The picture represents a great innovation that changed our lives: the first
automatedtellermachinewasplacedin Londonin 1967.
It is widely accepted that the first ATM was put into use by Barclays
Bank in its Enfield Town branch in North London. This machine was
inauguratedby the Englishcomedyactor RegVarney.
65
VESPAWAS PATENTED
The picture represents the first example of a
Vespadrivenby a lady
FIRSTBIKINI
In the photo, a girl wears the first
exampleof a bikini.
On July 5, 1946, French designer Louis
Reard unveils a daring two-piece
swimsuit at the Piscine Molitor, a
popular swimming pool in Paris. Parisian
showgirl Micheline Bernardini modeled
the new fashion, which Reard dubbed
“bikini,” inspired by a news-making U.S.
atomic test that took place off the Bikini
Atoll in the Pacific Ocean earlier that
week.
66
1992SevilleExpo
1998Lisbon
Vascoda GamaBridge.
TowardstheFuture…
67
SOURCES
Behind the Curtain(pages 3-9)
Page 4:Building of the Berlin wall :
https://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/spring2016/2016/01/19/theberlin-
wall/
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 5 : Berlin Wall Erected by USSR (1961)
https://tr.pinterest.com/pin/307089268313700084/
Page 6:Changing Prisioners - Photo credit to: Heribert Proepper/Associated Press
Man in front of a war tank
https://www.google.pt/search?q=primavera+de+praga&espv=2&biw=16
80&bih=944&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0a
hUKEwjL1vSUibrRAhUFchQKHdFSDh0Q_AUIBigB&dpr=1#imgrc=fnDVmoZ
KDKcgBM%3A
Page 7:Mathias Rust's Cessna 172 that landed illegally in the Red Square on May
28, 1987 http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Pionners - photo – Daniela Macadon teacher from Romania
Page 8:Socialist fraternal kiss - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
End of comunism
https://www.google.pt/search?q=queda+do+muro+de+berlim&espv=2&
biw=1680&bih=944&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&
ved=0ahUKEwizlb23iLrRAhWBVBQKHUqWDhwQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=VQmnh
ACU_eIO-M%3A
Page 9:Tearing the Berlin Wall down, 1989 - Fot. Peter Andrews Reuters
End of Communism - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Difficulttimesafter the war (pages: 11 – 17)
Page 12:Valka Lager, Nuremberg, West Germany, 1950 C.Republic
Page 13:A girl who grew up in a concentration cam
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 14:A German child meets her father - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 15:Butcher (Romania)Photographer: Valeriu Butoi
Ration card from the Spanish postwar
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Cartilla_de_racion
amiento_Espa%C3%B1a_1945.JPG
Page 16:Emigration (Spain)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Estatua_de_toc
%C3%B3n_dedicada_al_emigrante.jpg
Page 17:The ruins of Dresden, 1945 - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Somethingwentwrong (pages:19-23)
Page20: The Italian luxury liner Andrea Doria sank in July 1956
https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/08/08/dive/1nCHQf4t6iKoU
0BHzRPdMK/story.html
Vajont dam disaster - https://ejatlas.org/conflict/vajont-dam-disaster-
italy
Page 21 :The remains of the astronaut Vladimir Komarov -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 22:The Chernobyl nuclear power plant
ttps://www.google.com.tr/search?q=marshall+plan&espv=2&biw=1366&
bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO_93Lp4PQAhX
HCMAKHUWqDqAQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=The+Chernobyl+nuclear+po
wer+plant+sits+crippled+two+to+three+days+after+the+explosion+in+Ch
ernobyl%2C+Ukraine+in+April%2C+1986.+In+front+of+the+chimney+is+t
he+destroyed+4th+reactor.&imgrc=IgC4hl52YM2lPM%3A
Page 23:The remains of the astronaut Vladimir Komarov -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
War and Terrorism(pages:25-33)
Page 26:Ireland – IRAUK_Irish “Troubles” in Northem Ireland (1969-98)
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Seven horses of the Queen’s Household Cavalry lie dead after the IRA
detonated a nail bomb, 1982
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 27:The long walk - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 28:Female IRA fighter, 1970s - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 29:Srebrenica massacre - https://global.britannica.com/event/Bosnian-
conflict
War in the Kosovo
https://www.google.com.tr/search?q=Srebrenica+massacre&espv=2&bi
w=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihoqWg
q4PQAhUI6xoKHXzFC0UQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=A+Serbian+Police+patr
ol+searching+for+possible+KLA+positions+near+Glogovac%2C+21st+of+
March%2C+1999&imgrc=jvkhvcGbHqBxfM%3A
Page 30:Former URSS - http://www.theirishstory.com/2015/02/09/the-
northernirelandconflict-1968-1998-an-overview/
Page 31:First Chechen War (1994-96)
http://www.discussionworldforum.com/showthread.php?p=83556
Page 32:Terrorism in Spain
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Atocha_Station_
makeshift_shrine_march_2004.jpg
Page 33:Paris 2015 - Fot. Rafał Zambrzycki / System Informacyjny Sejmu
Fighting for freedom(pages 35-45)
Pages 36 - 39: France, May 68 - anos60.wordpress.com/2008/05/26/maio-de-68-
40-anos/
razaoinadequada.com/2013/06/09/paris-maio-de-68/
www.reddit.com/r/france/comments/4j8j49/les_casseurs_de_mai_68/
https://pt.pinterest.com/jblago/1960s-mai-68/
Pages 40 – 41: Carnation Revolution, Portugal – Photographer Jacques Gayard.
Page 42: Colectivization 1948-1960 (1989) - http://www.moderni-
dejiny.cz/clanek/podoby-kolektivizace-pracovni-text/
Pages 43-44 – http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/romanian-revolution-pictures-
1989/
Page 45: “Loukanikos”: the famous Greek riot dog grécia -
http://www.tribune.gr/; http://www.fatsimare.gr/
The Photographerwas there (pages 47-51)
Page 48: 775 confirmed kills in one picture, 1945 -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
West Berlin policemen and East German soldiers -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 49: Emil Cioran, Eugen Ionescu and Mircea Eliade - Photo: Louis Monier
http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/ionesco-e-m-cioran-
and-m-eliade-on-the-furstenberg-square-news-
photo/110149947#eionesco-emcioran-and-meliade-on-the-furstenberg-
square-in-paris-in-picture-id110149947
Page 50: Mona Lisa being returned to its home at the Louvre -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
The last photo of all four Beatles together -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 51: Tropping the Colour Parade - Fot. Ian Waldie/ Reuters
Once we were heroes (pages: 53 – 59)
Page 54: Eisenhower´s visit to Franco in Spain 1959
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Franco_eisenh
ower_1959_madrid.jpg
1975 - Franco died -
http://www.hoy.es/multimedia/201511/17/media/Franco-
entierro/7790178.jpg
Page 55: Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 56: An assassination attempt on the Pope’s life - Fot. Wikimedia Commons
John Paul II ’s funeral - Fot. Tomasz Wierzejski/REPORTER
Page 57: Pope Benedictus XVI - Fot. VaticanoAP/PLINIO LEPRI
Page 58: Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Szalasi Romania
Page 59: A Soviet soldier carrying Hitler’s head, after capturing Berlin in 1945 -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Breakup of Lenine’s Monument – Fot. Patrick PIEL
Towards the future (pages: 61-67)
Page 62: Worker and supervisor at a car factory, Moscow, 1954 -
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 63: The Talgo train Spain
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Renfe_350_00
3_librea_TalgoII_b.jpg
The FIAT 600 Spain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seat_600_(8675507441).jpg
Page 64: The assembly line of Porsche 911's at the Stuttgart factory. 1970
http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
A car factory in Europe - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/
Page 65: The first automated teller machine in London
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,19145
60_1914558_1914559,00.htm
Page 66: Vespa was patented in Italy - http://www.jalopyjournal.com
First bikini
http://www.slate.com/articles/life/fashion/2013/07/history_of_the_bik
ini_how_it_came_to_america.html
Page 66: 1992 Seville Expo
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Expo_92_03.jp
1998 Lisbon - Vasco da Gama Bridge
https://www.google.pt/search?q=ponte+vasco+da+gama&espv=2&biw
=1280&bih=918&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ve
d=0ahUKEwisz9HY58bRAhUFrRQKHWWICIkQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=PTFKvqF1
KbX-TM%3A
Produção – Production
Agrupamento de Escolas Augusto Cabrita – Barreiro, Portugal
Autores - Authors
Ana Bento, Anabela Soares, Elina Machado, Fátima Martins, Manuel Russo, Mário Venceslau
Revisão de texto e tradução – Text revision and translation
Ana Bento, Elina Machado, Fátima Martins
Conceção gráfica e paginação eletrónica – Graphic design and desktop publishing
Mário Venceslau
Impressão e acabamento – Printing and binding
Gráfica Lobão
Agradecimentos - Acknowledgements
rarehistoricalphotos.com

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Photo album portugal_2017

  • 1. This Photo Album is one of the final products of Erasmus + Project "70 Years of European History (1945-2015)" and it is also the final result of the team work between students and teachers from the following schools: -EveningHighSchoolof Aigaleo,Athens,Greece -MaçkaAnadolu İmamHatip Lisesi,Macka,Turkey -LiceumOgolnosztalcaceim. AdamaMickiewicza,OpoleLubelskie,Poland -LiceulTehnologic,GrigoreC. Moisil"Buzau,Buzau,Romania -Associazioneperlo sviluppoculturale "Plateja",Taranto,Italy -Agrupamentode EscolasAugustoCabrita,Barreiro,Portugal -IESClaraCampoamor,La Solana,Spain -Gymnazium,Ceskolipska 373,Praha 9, Prague,CzechRepublic This Project emerged from the need to fulfill numerous gaps in what concerns the period of European History that followed the Second World War until the present day. In this way, it was possible to identify that most students were not familiar with important facts and events which are crucial for the full exercise of the European citizenship. Thus, the purpose of this project was to grant all the students and teachers of the different partner schools the opportunity to research and develop partnership works about the major historical, artistic and scientific events in the period under study. So, the history of the Photo Album starts at the end of the Second World War and pretends to illustrate through photos collected from the different partners, some of the moments that marked European History during this period. We tried not to use familiar photos and collect the ones which weren’t so well known to the general public.
  • 2. The album doesn’t follow an accurate timeline. It is organized in unifying themes such as: - Behindthe Curtin– where we can see captured images behind the iron curtain during the Cold War; - Difficult timesafterthe war – where we pretend to portray events that occurred after the Second World War; - Somethingwent wrong– where we illustrate some environmental and ecological disasters; - War and Terrorism – where we intend to show that, unfortunately, the end of the Second World War, hasn’t brought peace for everybody yet and that there are other conflicts still prevailing; - Fighting for freedom – where we illustrate important moments with people struggling for freedom and defense of the Human Rights in several European countries; - The photographerwasthere – where we can view some historical curiosities that are not usually disclosed; - Once we were heroes– where the statues have fallen down the pedestal and heroes are understood in a different perspective; - Towardsthe future– where we show technological examples and changes that have brought progress to Europe. To accomplish this Photo Album we used different tools and we had to do an exhaustive research on this topic. We believe that this Album has contributed to: the development of different language skills, research using different means, use different technologies, do editing-related work and collaborative and group work; etc. The Photo Album is a useful work instrument that can be used by all the members of the educational community as a starting point for the study of European History over the last 70 years. In our point of view, the Photo Album has contributed to lead our students to stand up and make critical reflections towards the world they live in and to develop critical attitudes towards European History. Therefore, the feeling of belonging to the same community may lead them to build a better world, without wars, a world that promotes solidarity, respect for the Human Rights and the integration of all in a unique community – a European Union.
  • 4. The building of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 divided families and neighborhoods in what had been the capital of Germany. The Wall represents a uniquely squalid, violent, and ultimately futile, episode in the post-war world. Life was changed overnight in Berlin. Streets, subway lines, bus lines, tramlines, canals and rivers were divided. Family members, friends, lovers, schoolmates, work colleagues and others were abruptly separated. In some cases, children had been visiting their grandparents on the other side of the border and were suddenlycut off fromtheirparents. 4
  • 6. An exchangeof spiesandprisonerson Glienicke bridge,1986 During the era of Cold War, many spies, but also many innocent citizens of rivaling world powers, were captured and imprisoned on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Some of those prisoners were laterfreedor swappedfor political reasons. Manin frontof a war tank Emil Gallo, a Slovak plumber, standing in front of a Warsaw Pact tank and baring his chest in a gesture of protest during the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Taken on Šafárikovo námestie in Bratislava,Slovakia. 6
  • 7. Mathias Rust's Cessna 172 that landed illegally in the Red Square on May 28, 1987. A German amateur pilot that flew from Finland to Moscow (while being tracked by the Soviet air defense as well as Soviet Jet Interceptors - which never receivedpermissionto fire). Romania - During communism all the 8 year old children were made “pionier” (pioneer). There were celebrations and everybody was very proud to become a responsible communist. This picture was taken in front of the Mausoleum in Marasesti where the heroes of the 1st World War are buried. 7
  • 8. The Socialist Fraternal Kiss between Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker, 1979 Endof Communism 8
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  • 12. ValkaLager,Nuremberg,WestGermany,1950 A desolate image that captures the trauma of a Europe recovering from the Second World War. Valka Lager was set up in 1946 on the site of a former war prisoner’s camp. After the war it started to house refugees from the Baltic states and other countries in Eastern Europe who had been displaced by the war. As late as 1951, it was still the home of more than 4,000 refugees. The end of World War Two brought in its wake the largest population movements in European history. Many people were displaced during the war and it was very hard for them to return home. 12
  • 13. A girl who grew up in a concentration camp draws a picture of “home”whilelivingin a residencefor disturbedchildren,1948 This photograph was taken by Chim (David Seymour) in a home for emotionally disturbed children located in Warsaw, 1948. There are a few versions of this image, but most of the captions mention that the subject grew up inside a concentration camp. There’s little information about the girl’s identity, her name was Tereszka, a diminutive version of Teresa. Her eyes are piercing, like a window to her soul. Not the eyes of an innocent youth. She’s probably experiencedhorrorsat thatage. 13
  • 14. A German child meets her father, a WW2 soldier, for the first time sinceshewas1 yearold,1956 The event of this famous photo was taken on what’s known as “Die Heimkehr der Zehntausend” (The Return of the 10,000), as they were the last GermanPOWsin the SovietUnion to be released. On a visit to Moscow in the fall 1955, Konrad Adenauer secured the release of the last approximately 10,000 German POWs from Soviet prisons. In return, the Federal Republic agreed to establish diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. West German press reports emphasized how well the newly released men had survived their time in prison and how glad they were to reprise their roles as family breadwinners. The Soviets temporarily halted the release of prisoners when it became clear that the Federal Republic was seeking to delay the agreed-on exchange of ambassadorsfor as longas possible. 14
  • 15. Romania: Butcher’s Photo: Bărăgan - Sometime in that period Photographer:ValeriuButoi SPAIN RationcardfromtheSpanishpostwar 15
  • 16. SPAIN 1955-1975. More than a million Spaniards emigrated to Europe (especially to France,Germanyand Switzerland). 16
  • 17. Theruinsof Dresden,1945 At the end of World War Two the city of Dresden was in ruins, all its buildings were destroyed and thousands of civilians were dead. The order by Allied commanders to heavily bomb Dresden towards the end of the war has become one of the most controversial decisions madein the Europeantheater. Interestingfacts: Of 28,410 houses in central Dresden, 24,866 were destroyed. 15 sq km totally demolished—of which there were: 14,000 homes, 72 schools, 22 hospitals, 19 churches, 5 theaters, 50 banks, 31 department stores,31 hotelsand 62 administrativebuildings. 17
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  • 20. Vajont dam disaster The picture represents the consequences of one of the greatest natural disasters that occurred in the North of Italy in 1963. On 9 October 1963, during initial filling, a massive landslide caused a man-made tsunami in the lake in which 50 million cubic metres of water overtopped the dam in a 250- metre wave, leading to the complete destruction of several villages and towns, and 1917 deaths. 20 The Italian luxury liner Andrea Doria sank in July 1956 At 11:10 p.m. the Italian ocean liner Andrea Doria and the Swedish ocean liner Stockholm collide in a heavy Atlantic fog. Fifty-one passengers and crew were killed in the collision. Miraculously, all 1660 survivors on the Andrea Doria were rescued from the ship before it sunk late the next morning. Both ships were equipped with sophisticated radar systems and authorities were puzzled as to the cause of the accident.
  • 21. Theremainsof the astronautVladimirKomarov, a manwho fellfromspace, 1967 Mankind’s road to the stars had its unsung heroes. One of them was the Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. His spaceflight on Soyuz 1 made him the first Soviet cosmonaut to fly into outer space more than once, and he became the first human to die on a space mission—he was killed when the Soyuz 1 space capsule crashed after re-entry on April 24, 1967 due to a parachute failure. However, because he died when the capsule crashed into ground, he is not considered the first human fatality in outer space. This photograph shows the charred remains of Komarov being looked over by Soviet officials during his open casket funeral. Only a chipped heel bone survived the crash. 21
  • 22. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant sits crippled two to three days after the explosion in Chernobyl, Ukraine in April, 1986. In front of the chimney is the destroyed 4th reactor 22
  • 23. The Elephant’s Foot of the Chernobyl disaster, 1986 23
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  • 26. Sevenhorsesof the Queen’sHouseholdCavalry lie deadaftertheIRA detonateda nailbomb, 1982 Ireland – IRAUK_Irish “Troubles” in Norther Ireland (1969-98) 26
  • 27. The long walk - A British army bomb disposal specialist approachesa suspectvehiclein NorthernIreland,early‘’70. 27
  • 28. FemaleIRA fighter,1970s Thephotowastakenby the Irishphotographer ColmanDoyle. The gun the girl is showing is ArmaLite AR-18. It was obtained by the IRA from the US in the early 1970s and became an emotive symbol of IRA armed campaign. The IRA fighters nicknamed this gun“theWidowmaker“. In Ireland, there were women both in Republican groups such as the IRA, which are fighting against British forces in Northern Ireland, as well as in groups of Loyalists who are pro-state and support the continuation of British rule of the area. Usually the IRA women cadres performed certain non-military roles, in which they exploited traditional stereotypes of gender. They used to hide and carry weapons, as the British soldiers were loath to body search women because of the tremendous public revulsionit wouldcreate. 28
  • 29. Warin the Kosovo Serbian Police patrol searching for possible KLA positions near Glogovac,21st of March,1999. Srebrenica massacre, slaying of more than 7,000 Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) boys and men, perpetrated by Bosnian Serb forces in Srebrenica, a town in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in July1995. 29
  • 30. FormerURSS A column of Russian tanks makes its way towards Tskhinvali in the breakaway Georgian province of South Ossetia, where fighting has killedthousands. Russia Invades Georgia (2008): Separatists in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, traditionally backed by Russia, begin an armed insurgency against Georgia, which maintained control over the two regions. In the aftermath of the Kosovo separation from Serbia, Russia felt empowered to support these separatist movements, knowing the international community, which largely favoured Kosovo's secession, would have little ground to stand on against the move. In which case, Russia sent troops to expel Georgian troops from the two regions, after which it recognized the two new independent republics.. 30
  • 31. “Man has conquered everything and destroyed millions of plants, yet this one won't submit." - Leo Tolstoy comparing the Thistle plant to a Chechen. First Chechen War (1994-96): When the Russian republic of Chechnya attempted to break away from the Federation, Russia mobilizedits armyto assertcontrol. 31
  • 32. SPAIN 2004 - Terrorist Jihadist attacks on 11th March in Madrid: almost 200deadpeople 32
  • 33. Paris2015 The November 2015 Paris attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks that occurred on Friday 13 November 2015 in Paris and in the city's northern suburb, Saint-Denis. 33
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  • 36. 36 FranceMay68 An unequal struggle: throwing stones of the sidewalk againstteargases FranceMay 68 Youthcelebratesa new world
  • 38. Aftera nightof barricadeslifegoesonTheold worldtakesa glanceat the newone 38
  • 40. Portugal CarnationRevolution During the Carnation Revolution, Lisbon was the stage of several demonstrations. The factory workers wanted to see their rights respected and lots of strikes took place in 1974 and 1975. Most of the workers wanted to earn more money and work less hours. They were fed up of their bosses who treated them like slaves during the Dictatorship. In these images we can see workers with bands that say ”AgainstFascism,popularforce”. 40
  • 42. Czechoslovakia Colectivization 1948-1960(1989) These are some of the people who protest against collectivization which is managed by Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. It took a lot of years. The very first start was in 1948 and the end was in 1960. But it faded out till year 1989. We can see how desperate the people look while they fought fortheirown fieldsandproperties. 42
  • 43. Romania Revolutionists in a truck of the Army. 16th December- 25th December1989 Place:Bucharest, Romania Outcome: Revolutionists’ victory, institution of democracy and execution of Ceaușescu and hiswife. 43
  • 45. “Loukanikos”: the famousGreekriotdog Riot dog is a term used by English-speaking media denoting any of the stray dogs that, in recent years, accompany street protestersin Athens, Greece. It has been observed that a number of these dogs remain among the protesters even when violent rioting breaks out. Some of the dogs have been prominently featured in media reportage on the protests. Greece's Riot Dogs have acquired, through the years, a large following of fans around the world. Greece 45
  • 46. 46
  • 48. 48 WestBerlinpolicemenandEastGermansoldiersfaceeachother aftera younggirlmadeit acrossthe border,1955 775confirmedkillingsin one picture, 1945 Female snipers of the 3rd Shock Army, 1st BelorussianFront. Total number of confirmed killings: 775. Phototakenin Germany,May4, 1945.
  • 49. Emil Cioran, Eugen Ionescu and Mircea Eliade Eugen Ionescu met Emil Cioran and Mircea Eliade between 1928 – 1933, when he was a student at the University of Bucharest. The three remained good friends for their whole lives. This photo shows them at Place Furstenberg in Paris, in 1986. It is one of the very few photos which shows them together and maybe the last picture of Mircea Eliade (who died on 22nd April 1986). 49
  • 50. The last photo of all four Beatles together, August 22, 1969. Mona Lisa being returned to its home at the Louvre in Paris,France,afterWW2.1945. 50
  • 51. Troppingthe ColourParade A guard of honor passes out as Queen Elizabeth II rides past duringthe Troopingthe ColourParade,1970 51
  • 52. 52
  • 54. SPAIN 1975 - Franco died. The dictatorship began to collapse and the transitionto a democracystartedits firststeps.Eisenhower´s visit to Franco in Spain, 1959 54
  • 55. Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev drinking wine from a drinking hornin the SovietRepublicof Georgia,1963 55
  • 56. An assassinationattempton the Pope’slife JohnPaulII ’s funeral 56
  • 58. Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Szalasi is given the last rites before being hanged as a collaboratorin 1946 58
  • 59. A Soviet soldier carrying Hitler’s head,aftercapturingBerlinin 1945 Breakupof Lenine’sMonument 59
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  • 62. Workerand supervisorat a car factory,Moscow, 1954 The distance between the two of them is too close. The worker has his hands not hanging loose, but slightly raised as though preparing to make a move. Meanwhile, the supervisor has that one hand at the collar of her dress like she’s trying to slightly spread it more and draw attention to her chest. The scene just screams sexual tension. Or, since it’s a factory, it’s just really loud and they have to be close to hear what the hell the other personis saying.And everythingelseis a happycoincidence. Photo taken by photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson during his visit to the ZIS car factory in Moscow. ZIS is an acronym for “Factory named for Stalin” and it was a major Soviet automobile, truck, military vehicle, and heavy equipment manufacturer. The factory also produced luxury armored cars formostSovietleaders. Henri Cartier-Bresson was the first Western photographer to be allowed to visitSovietUnionafterthe deathof JosefStalin, in 1953. (Photo credit: Henri Cartier-Bresson/Magnum Photos. Colored by: Klimbim). 62
  • 63. In the yearsof Spanisheconomictake-off,the 600 wasa symbolof the newmiddleclass SPAIN TheTalgotrain.An innovativedesignof the Spanishindustry,1963 63
  • 64. A car factoryin Europe The assembly line of Porsche 911's at the Stuttgartfactory,1970 64
  • 65. Thefirstautomatedtellermachinein London Interestingfacts: The picture represents a great innovation that changed our lives: the first automatedtellermachinewasplacedin Londonin 1967. It is widely accepted that the first ATM was put into use by Barclays Bank in its Enfield Town branch in North London. This machine was inauguratedby the Englishcomedyactor RegVarney. 65
  • 66. VESPAWAS PATENTED The picture represents the first example of a Vespadrivenby a lady FIRSTBIKINI In the photo, a girl wears the first exampleof a bikini. On July 5, 1946, French designer Louis Reard unveils a daring two-piece swimsuit at the Piscine Molitor, a popular swimming pool in Paris. Parisian showgirl Micheline Bernardini modeled the new fashion, which Reard dubbed “bikini,” inspired by a news-making U.S. atomic test that took place off the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean earlier that week. 66
  • 68. SOURCES Behind the Curtain(pages 3-9) Page 4:Building of the Berlin wall : https://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/spring2016/2016/01/19/theberlin- wall/ http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 5 : Berlin Wall Erected by USSR (1961) https://tr.pinterest.com/pin/307089268313700084/ Page 6:Changing Prisioners - Photo credit to: Heribert Proepper/Associated Press Man in front of a war tank https://www.google.pt/search?q=primavera+de+praga&espv=2&biw=16 80&bih=944&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0a hUKEwjL1vSUibrRAhUFchQKHdFSDh0Q_AUIBigB&dpr=1#imgrc=fnDVmoZ KDKcgBM%3A Page 7:Mathias Rust's Cessna 172 that landed illegally in the Red Square on May 28, 1987 http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Pionners - photo – Daniela Macadon teacher from Romania Page 8:Socialist fraternal kiss - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ End of comunism https://www.google.pt/search?q=queda+do+muro+de+berlim&espv=2& biw=1680&bih=944&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2& ved=0ahUKEwizlb23iLrRAhWBVBQKHUqWDhwQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=VQmnh ACU_eIO-M%3A Page 9:Tearing the Berlin Wall down, 1989 - Fot. Peter Andrews Reuters End of Communism - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Difficulttimesafter the war (pages: 11 – 17) Page 12:Valka Lager, Nuremberg, West Germany, 1950 C.Republic Page 13:A girl who grew up in a concentration cam http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 14:A German child meets her father - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 15:Butcher (Romania)Photographer: Valeriu Butoi Ration card from the Spanish postwar https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Cartilla_de_racion amiento_Espa%C3%B1a_1945.JPG Page 16:Emigration (Spain) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Estatua_de_toc %C3%B3n_dedicada_al_emigrante.jpg Page 17:The ruins of Dresden, 1945 - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Somethingwentwrong (pages:19-23) Page20: The Italian luxury liner Andrea Doria sank in July 1956 https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/08/08/dive/1nCHQf4t6iKoU 0BHzRPdMK/story.html Vajont dam disaster - https://ejatlas.org/conflict/vajont-dam-disaster- italy Page 21 :The remains of the astronaut Vladimir Komarov - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 22:The Chernobyl nuclear power plant ttps://www.google.com.tr/search?q=marshall+plan&espv=2&biw=1366& bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO_93Lp4PQAhX HCMAKHUWqDqAQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=The+Chernobyl+nuclear+po wer+plant+sits+crippled+two+to+three+days+after+the+explosion+in+Ch ernobyl%2C+Ukraine+in+April%2C+1986.+In+front+of+the+chimney+is+t he+destroyed+4th+reactor.&imgrc=IgC4hl52YM2lPM%3A Page 23:The remains of the astronaut Vladimir Komarov - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ War and Terrorism(pages:25-33) Page 26:Ireland – IRAUK_Irish “Troubles” in Northem Ireland (1969-98) http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Seven horses of the Queen’s Household Cavalry lie dead after the IRA detonated a nail bomb, 1982 http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 27:The long walk - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 28:Female IRA fighter, 1970s - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 29:Srebrenica massacre - https://global.britannica.com/event/Bosnian- conflict War in the Kosovo https://www.google.com.tr/search?q=Srebrenica+massacre&espv=2&bi w=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihoqWg q4PQAhUI6xoKHXzFC0UQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=A+Serbian+Police+patr ol+searching+for+possible+KLA+positions+near+Glogovac%2C+21st+of+ March%2C+1999&imgrc=jvkhvcGbHqBxfM%3A Page 30:Former URSS - http://www.theirishstory.com/2015/02/09/the- northernirelandconflict-1968-1998-an-overview/ Page 31:First Chechen War (1994-96) http://www.discussionworldforum.com/showthread.php?p=83556 Page 32:Terrorism in Spain https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Atocha_Station_ makeshift_shrine_march_2004.jpg Page 33:Paris 2015 - Fot. Rafał Zambrzycki / System Informacyjny Sejmu
  • 69. Fighting for freedom(pages 35-45) Pages 36 - 39: France, May 68 - anos60.wordpress.com/2008/05/26/maio-de-68- 40-anos/ razaoinadequada.com/2013/06/09/paris-maio-de-68/ www.reddit.com/r/france/comments/4j8j49/les_casseurs_de_mai_68/ https://pt.pinterest.com/jblago/1960s-mai-68/ Pages 40 – 41: Carnation Revolution, Portugal – Photographer Jacques Gayard. Page 42: Colectivization 1948-1960 (1989) - http://www.moderni- dejiny.cz/clanek/podoby-kolektivizace-pracovni-text/ Pages 43-44 – http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/romanian-revolution-pictures- 1989/ Page 45: “Loukanikos”: the famous Greek riot dog grécia - http://www.tribune.gr/; http://www.fatsimare.gr/ The Photographerwas there (pages 47-51) Page 48: 775 confirmed kills in one picture, 1945 - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ West Berlin policemen and East German soldiers - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 49: Emil Cioran, Eugen Ionescu and Mircea Eliade - Photo: Louis Monier http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/ionesco-e-m-cioran- and-m-eliade-on-the-furstenberg-square-news- photo/110149947#eionesco-emcioran-and-meliade-on-the-furstenberg- square-in-paris-in-picture-id110149947 Page 50: Mona Lisa being returned to its home at the Louvre - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ The last photo of all four Beatles together - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 51: Tropping the Colour Parade - Fot. Ian Waldie/ Reuters Once we were heroes (pages: 53 – 59) Page 54: Eisenhower´s visit to Franco in Spain 1959 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Franco_eisenh ower_1959_madrid.jpg 1975 - Franco died - http://www.hoy.es/multimedia/201511/17/media/Franco- entierro/7790178.jpg Page 55: Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 56: An assassination attempt on the Pope’s life - Fot. Wikimedia Commons John Paul II ’s funeral - Fot. Tomasz Wierzejski/REPORTER Page 57: Pope Benedictus XVI - Fot. VaticanoAP/PLINIO LEPRI Page 58: Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Szalasi Romania Page 59: A Soviet soldier carrying Hitler’s head, after capturing Berlin in 1945 - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Breakup of Lenine’s Monument – Fot. Patrick PIEL Towards the future (pages: 61-67) Page 62: Worker and supervisor at a car factory, Moscow, 1954 - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 63: The Talgo train Spain https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Renfe_350_00 3_librea_TalgoII_b.jpg The FIAT 600 Spain https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seat_600_(8675507441).jpg Page 64: The assembly line of Porsche 911's at the Stuttgart factory. 1970 http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ A car factory in Europe - http://www.rarehistoricalphotos.com/ Page 65: The first automated teller machine in London http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,19145 60_1914558_1914559,00.htm Page 66: Vespa was patented in Italy - http://www.jalopyjournal.com First bikini http://www.slate.com/articles/life/fashion/2013/07/history_of_the_bik ini_how_it_came_to_america.html Page 66: 1992 Seville Expo https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Expo_92_03.jp 1998 Lisbon - Vasco da Gama Bridge https://www.google.pt/search?q=ponte+vasco+da+gama&espv=2&biw =1280&bih=918&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ve d=0ahUKEwisz9HY58bRAhUFrRQKHWWICIkQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=PTFKvqF1 KbX-TM%3A
  • 70. Produção – Production Agrupamento de Escolas Augusto Cabrita – Barreiro, Portugal Autores - Authors Ana Bento, Anabela Soares, Elina Machado, Fátima Martins, Manuel Russo, Mário Venceslau Revisão de texto e tradução – Text revision and translation Ana Bento, Elina Machado, Fátima Martins Conceção gráfica e paginação eletrónica – Graphic design and desktop publishing Mário Venceslau Impressão e acabamento – Printing and binding Gráfica Lobão Agradecimentos - Acknowledgements rarehistoricalphotos.com