2. World wide used
Convenient method
Inexpensive
Reversible
Easy and simple to use with minimum side effects
Readily available
Can be administered by non-healthcare personnel.
Pills are safe and effective when taken properly
Pills are over 99% effective
3. Types of hormonal methods of contraception
There are several different types hormonal methods of birth
control. The differences among them involve
the type of hormone,
the amount of hormone, and
the way the hormone enters a woman's body.
The hormones can be estrogen and/or progesterone. These
hormones may be taken orally (taken by mouth), implanted into
body tissue, injected under the skin, absorbed from a patch on
the skin, or placed in the vagina. The mode of delivery
determines whether the hormonal exposure is continuous or
intermittent.
5. Combined Oral Contraception
Contains oestrogen and
progestogen
Take one tablet daily
for 21 days (28 for ED)
followed by a 7 day pill
free period
• Most effective
preparation for
general use
• With optimal use,
> 99% effective
6. Combined Oral Contraception
Monophasic
fixed amount of an oestrogen and a progestogen
in each active tablet
Biphasic/Triphasic
varying amounts of the two hormones according
to the stage of the cycle
ED (every day)
includes 7 days of placebo tablets
9. Progestogen only pill
Contains one active ingredient -
progesterone
Taken continuously – no break
Offers an alternative when oestrogens
are contraindicated
Efficacy dependent on the
meticulousness of the user
11. Emergency Hormonal Contraception (EHC)
Levonelle 1500 (one step)
Contains high dose progesterone
(levonorgesterel)
One 1500mcg tablet taken as soon as
possible after unprotected intercourse
(up to 72 hours after)
Preferably within 12 hours, no later
than 72 hours
12. Emergency Hormonal Contraception
Taking the dose as soon as possible increases
efficacy
Available from:
A & E
GP
Walk in Centres
Family Planning Clinics
Sexual Health Clinics
Community Pharmacies
13. When is EHC indicated?
Unprotected sexual intercourse
Reduced efficacy of other forms of
contraception:
Torn, leaking condom
Missed pills
Late implant or injection
Detached contraceptive patch
14. How does EHC work?
Dependent on point in the menstrual
cycle
Either prevents or delays ovulation,
prevents fertilisation or prevents
implantation of the fertilised egg into
the uterus.
Clinical opinion is that EHC is not an
abortifacient (a substance that induces
abortion)
15. Side effects
Nausea, vomiting
stomach cramps or bloating
diarrhea
constipation
gingivitis (swelling of the gum tissue)
increased or decreased appetite
weight gain or weight loss
brown or black skin patches
acne
hair growth in unusual places
bleeding or spotting
between menstrual periods
changes in menstrual flow
painful or missed periods
breast tenderness,
enlargement, or discharge
swelling, redness, irritation,
burning, or itching of the
vagina
white vaginal discharge
16. Severe S/E
severe headache
severe vomiting
speech problems
dizziness or faintness
weakness or numbness of an arm or
leg
crushing chest pain or chest heaviness
coughing up blood
SOB
leg pain
partial or complete loss of vision
double vision
bulging eyes
severe stomach pain
yellowing of the skin or eyes
loss of appetite
extreme tiredness, weakness, or lack
of energy
fever
dark-colored urine
light-colored stool
swelling of the hands, feet, ankles,
or lower legs
depression, especially if you also
have trouble sleeping, tiredness, loss
of energy, or other mood changes
unusual bleeding
rash
menstrual bleeding that is unusually
heavy or that lasts for longer than 7
days in a row
17. Hormonal Contraceptives and Cancer Risk
（Research done by National Cancer
Institute ）
Lifetime Risk of Reproductive Cancers in All Women
Type of Cancer Risk of
Contracting
Risk of Dying Added Risk with
Hormonal
Contraceptives
Breast 1 in 8 (12%) 1 in 34 (3%) Increased
Cervical 1 in 142 (0.7%) 1 in 434 (0.2%) Increased
Ovarian 1 in 71 (1.4%) 1 in 91 (1.1%) Decreased
Uterine/
Endometrial
1 in 41 (2.5%) 1 in 190 (0.5%) Decreased
