7. Study Design: 2x2 Repeat measures on treatment: delivery Group: Treatment: nutrient delivery
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11. Oral CCK Release (+/- SE) * Indicates times at which plasma CCK differed signficantly between groups * * * *
12. Duodenal CCK Release (+/- SE) * Indicates times at which plasma CCK differed signficantly between groups * * *
13. CCK: 15 min into/after nutrient delivery Different letters above bars indicate significant differences between means
14. Plasma CCK: 60-90 min into/after delivery Different letters above bars indicate significant differences between means a a b b
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Editor's Notes
Meal patterns vary among individuals yet most individuals maintain stable body weights over long intervals. The explanation is that energy homeostasis is accomplished via control of meal size. A key concept regards the integration of signals generated acutely in response to food being eaten with signals that reflect the current state of energy balance (adipose stores). Meal-related (i.e., "satiety" signals) are typified by cholecystokinin (CCK), and adiposity signals are typified by leptin and insulin.