Shravan Shetty on science careers after PUC

Custom Career Queries
March 17th 2021
Shravan Shetty
Career Coach

PUC
Science
Lets Explore Careers

For colleges List
● https://www.careers360.com/
● https://collegedunia.com/
● https://www.collegedekho.com/colleges-in-karnataka/
● https://dce.karnataka.gov.in/
For Government Colleges and Government aided Colleges

What should I do after completion of 2nd PUC with PCMB
● MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
● BHMS Bachelor of Homeopathy medicine and Surgery
● BAMS Bachelor of Aurvedic medicine and Surgery
● BUMS Bachelor of Unani medicine and Surgery
● BDS- Bachelor of Dental Surgery
● Pharm- Bachelor in Pharmacy
● Bachelor of Medical Lab Technology
● Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry (BVSc. AH)
● Physiotherapy (BPT) or Occupational Therapy (BOT)
● B.Tech/BE in Biotechnology
● B.Sc. in Agriculture and Environment Science
● B.Sc. Home Science/Forensic Science
● Diploma courses in operation theatre technology, medical laboratory, x-ray technology, etc.
● B.Sc. Nursing
● B.Sc. Dairy Technology
● B.Sc. Home Science

What are my Btech / BE Options?
● B.Tech ( Aero Space Engineering)
● B.Tech ( Metallurgical and Materials Engineering)
● B.Tech (Aerospace / Marine Engineering)
● B.Tech (Automobile Engineering)B.Tech (Automobile Engineering)
● B.Tech. Computer Science
● B.Tech. Electronics & Communication
● B.Tech. in Bio-Technology
● B.Tech. in Information Technology
● B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering
● Mechatronics / Medical Electronics / Industrial Engineering / Chemical Engineering

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AGRICULTURE
Introduction
• Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy.
Working Conditions
• Farming depends on weather conditions and hence could be
both challenging and demanding.
Personality
• Agriculturalists work in production, research, business and
trade, in banking and finance, in journalism, etc. For each
area of work, personal qualities need to match the job
requirements.
Work Area
• Horticulture (Cultivation)
Career Guidance Center

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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS - 1
Introduction
• Concerned with application of engineering principles and
practices to all areas related to agriculture. It is essentially a
hybrid of engineering and agricultural sciences with major
engineering characteristics.
• Besides developing new design for equipments and machines
used by the agriculture and food industry they coordinate with
electronic/electrical engineers for perfecting the technology of
the equipments.
• They are required on irrigation projects, for planning
agriculture based industries, projects, drainage systems, land
reclamation projects, and for flood control and soil erosion
projects.

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Personality
• Must have knowledge of physical science and engineering
principles and enough mathematical background to work with
these principles. A robust physique, love for mechanical work
and a liking for outdoors is required.
• Ability to work as a team.
• Ability to sustain unpleasant work conditions, work in fields
which sometimes may be dirty.
• A good health & reasonable physical fitness for carrying out
tasks related to business, industry and farming.
• Diplomacy, positive attitude, good vocabulary and ability to
handle science.

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Courses & Work Area
• Apply principles of engineering to agricultural industries, food processing; Interact with
agricultural scientists
• B.Tech or M.Tech
• Agricultural engineering. Duration: 4 – 5 years .
Eligibility: Pass in 12th under the 10+2 system or an equivalent exam with Physics,
Chemistry, Maths and English.
• BSc. – Agricultural Sciences. Duration : 4years
Eligibility : Pass in 12th under the 10+2 system or an equivalent exam with Physics,
Chemistry, Biology and English or Agriculture Group.
• Agricultural Engineering Colleges in Karnataka – Courses, Fees, Reviews, Location, Ownership
(careers360.com)
• https://collegedunia.com/bsc-agriculture/karnataka-colleges
Institutes
• National Diary Development Board
• NABARD
• Food Corporation of India

If you have a bio-math combination of subjects, various
interdisciplinary options open
besides basic sciences and its allied fields:
● Biomedical engineering
● Robotics

Those with PCBM students
who are not interested in these
medical occupations can also
go for
● Architecture,
● Computer application, and
● pilot training, etc.

After completing your 12th standard with PCM
stream, you can apply for below given courses
1.ENGINEERING
2.B.SC IN PHYSICS.|B.SC IN CHEMISTRY|B.SC IN MATHS.
4.B.A ECONOMICS.
5.INTERIOR DESIGNING.
6.FASHION DESIGNING.
7.ARMY.
8.LAW.
9.HOSPITALITY.
10.MASSCOMMUNICATION.
11.ARCHITECTURE.
12.JOURNALISM.
13.AVIATION.
14.BBA.
15.CA,CS,ETC
.16.BCA

Btech CS Vs Bsc CS Vs BCA
● If you are interested in working in one of the many
fields of computers, you may have heard of the 3 most
popular courses: BCA, B.Sc Computer Science and
B.Tech Computer Science (CS).
● As all 3 courses are computer-based, it may become
confusing on how to differentiate between them and
how to identify which is best suited to you. Don’t worry,
despite BCA, B.Sc Computer Science and B.Tech CS
having common study topics, there is plenty of
variation between them.

What are BCA, B.Sc Computer Science and B.Tech CS?
All three, BCA, B.Sc. Computer
Science and B.Tech CS involve
the study of computers, but that is
mostly where the similarity ends.

Bachelor’s of Computer Applications (BCA)
BCA is a 3-year undergraduate degree course
focussing on the applications of computers. As
the focus is mostly on the various computer
applications, understanding the technicalities
and hardware functioning is not necessary.
Topics studied include multimedia systems,
web-based applications and basics of
computer programming. Most BCA graduates
follow it up with a 3-year Masters of Computer
Applications (MCA) degree course.

B.Sc Computer Science is a 3-year undergraduate degree,
specializing in computer science. The course focuses on
basic concepts in the field of computer science and
technological implementations of computers, providing you
with a strong academic foundation in the field of computer
science. Topics studied in B.Sc Computer Science include
programming concepts, disk operating systems, and control
structures.
Bachelor’s of Science in Computer Science (B.Sc Computer
Science)

B.Tech CS is a 4-year undergraduate professional
course, which is essentially a degree in the field of
engineering with a specialization in computer science. In
B.Tech CS, you would study computers in-depth,
including their software, hardware, concepts and
applications.
The B.Tech CS course was one of the first courses in
the field of computer science to be offered in India and
has immense prestige.
Topics studied in B.Tech CS include digital circuits &
system, data structures, operating systems, database
management systems, and computer architecture.
Bachelor’s of Technology in Computer Science (B.Tech CS)

Differences in Course Structure & Curriculum
The core difference between the 3 computer courses is
their area of focus. While BCA concentrates on
applications of computers, B.Sc Computer Science puts
emphasis on concepts and B.Tech CS is based on
intensive programming and software/hardware
knowledge.
Here is a list of subjects that are typically taught in the 3
courses:

BCA Topics
● Digital Computer Fundamentals
● Interpersonal Communication
● Financial Management
● Mobile Applications
● Computer Graphics and Animation
● Cyber Law
● Multimedia Applications
● Embedded Systems

B.Sc Computer Science Topics
● Programming Fundamentals Using C++
● Computer System Architecture
● Data Structures
● Design and Analysis of Algorithms
● Database Management Systems
● Internet Technologies
● Theory of Computation
● Computer Graphics

B.Tech Computer Science
● Programming Fundamentals Using C++
● Web Technologies
● Management Systems
● Multimedia Technologies
● Applied Mathematics
● Applied Physics
● Applied Chemistry
● Database Management Systems/Data Mining
● Theory of Computation
● Engineering Mechanics
● Algorithm Analysis & Design

Admissions
● Although admission criteria can vary based on the institute,
admissions to the BCA and B.Sc Computer Science
courses are generally provided on the basis of the marks
you score in Class 12, but a few institutes may ask for you
to attempt an entrance test.
● In contrast, the admission to B.Tech Computer Science is a
streamlined process and you will compulsorily have to
attempt an engineering entrance exam, such as JEE (Joint
Entrance Exam), BITSAT, VITEEE, and others.
● The admission procedure for B.Tech CS is exactly the
same as for any other engineering course, as it is primarily
an engineering degree with a specialization in Computer
Science. Based on the rank you score in the entrance
exam and possible personal interview/ group discussion,
you will be able to secure admission in your desired
institute.

Career Opportunities after BCA
Considering the wide applications of computers across
industries, there are unlimited career opportunities for a
BCA degree holder, whether you want to work in a
government job, a private sector job or self-
employment. You would be suitable for job profiles such
as system analyst, programmer, system manager,
network designer, game developer, web designer,
technical associate and IT technical support developer.
Industries you can work with range from education and
multimedia, to financial institutes and manufacturing.

Career Opportunities after B.Sc Computer Science
The strong foundational concepts of studying B.Sc
Computer Science will make you eligible for a variety of
roles across industries, and also aid you in understanding
new technologies when the need arises. Among the
various job profiles are DTP operator, IT project manager,
program analyst, software engineer, developer and
programmer.
You can work in areas including software development
companies, system maintenance centres, the banking
sector, consultancies, government agencies, electronic
equipment manufacturing companies and more.

Career Opportunities After Btech
Graduates of B.Tech Computer Science are in great
demand and are often hired straight from campus. Since
you would gain in-depth knowledge of software, hardware,
programming and designing you have a variety of job
profiles to choose from.
The job profiles include working as a software engineer,
software developer, application developer, programming
analyst, network engineer, hardware engineer, test
engineer and CAD engineer.
You can work with engineering firms, IT/software
companies, government PSUs, and sales and marketing
firms, among others.

Engineering Branches
● Mechanical Engineers: They apply principles of physics and
mathematics to design, produce, and operate machinery.
● Electrical and Electronics Engineers: They are responsible for
designing, building, testing, and supervising the manufacture of
electrical systems and electronic equipment, such as electric motors,
navigation, and communication systems.
● Computer Engineers: Their work is concerned with computer
programming, software development, mobile, and web applications.
● Civil Engineers: They conceive, supervise, and maintain
infrastructure projects in the public and private sectors, including
buildings, dams, bridges, airports, water supply, and sewage
systems.
● Chemical Engineers: They design and develop chemical
manufacturing processes. These skilled experts solve problems
related to production or use of chemicals, drugs, fuel, food, and other
products.
● Aerospace Engineers: They take on specialized areas of aircraft
and spacecraft development.
● Marine Engineers: They are in charge of the internal systems of
ships, oil rigs, and other overseas structures.

Supplement your Btech Education
● You can supplement your B.Tech. education with
certifications in emerging technologies like data science,
artificial intelligence, blockchain, software development, etc.
The Advanced Certification in Machine Learning by IIT
Madras is a prime example of such qualifications. Some
online postgraduate degrees provide dual credentials – for
instance, Master of Science in Data Science accredited by
IIIT-Bangalore and the Liverpool John Moores University.
● According to the global research and advisory firm Gartner,
about two million AI-related jobs will be created in the tech
industry by 2025. So, the demand for data analysts, systems
engineers, cloud engineers, ML specialists, cybersecurity
experts, and others will cross into the positive territory in the
foreseeable future.

Qualifications to Become a Pilot
● The minimum qualifications to become a pilot is scoring
at least 55% aggregate marks in 10+2 in Science
Stream (Physics, Chemistry and Maths)
● If you are a non-science student then you can study
these subjects by enrolling in a course conducted by
NIOS (National Institute of Open Sciences).
● As mentioned above the minimum qualifications to join
a flying school, after joining a flying school one has to
sail through many medical and physical tests to become
eligible for the post of a pilot.
● The main subjects to study to become a pilot are high
school level science (physics and chemistry) and
maths.

How to become a pilot after graduation?
Well, as mentioned earlier having studied 10+2 level
science is the minimum requirement to be eligible to
attend any flying school, so a grad level degree on top of
that (if you were a science student) won’t change the
path you’d have to follow to become a pilot.

Commercial Pilot or an Army Pilot?
● Pilots can be broadly divided into two categories
namely- Commercial and Army.
Commercial Pilots
● Commercial pilots are the ones who fly people to
different destinations on a daily basis using some
specific aircraft.
● Commercial pilots hold the Commercial Pilot License
(CPL) issued by various authorities throughout the
world.

So, how to become a commercial pilot?
● To become a commercial pilot, one has to complete his/her flying training at a
flying school that is certified by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation
(DGCA).
● Flying schools generally conduct an entrance examination to select the
required number of candidates.
● Aspirants who clear this entrance exam are then scrutinized through a
physical and medical exam. After which the final candidates are hand-picked.
● At the training school, students get in flight training as well as theoretical
lectures.
● By the time you leave the flying school, you’d have earned sufficient flying
hours, so you can apply for the Commercial Pilot License as soon as you
leave the flying school and test your hands at the craft you have been
mastering since ages.

How to become a pilot in the Air Force?
The Indian Defence Forces have one of the most
rigorous, competitive and highly efficient recruitment
processes. They test the candidates on various
grounds again and again on various levels before
handing him/her over a prestigious position in the
army.

● The first opportunity that the defense forces throw at
you is just after class 12.
● The National Defence Academy (NDA) is tri-service
academy where recruits of all the three branches train
together before they join their respective service
stations.
● After clearing the written examination and the SSB
interview, which is considered to be one of the most
versatile interviews, you are eligible to train under the
Air Force Training Team (AFTT).
Route 1: Clearing the NDA exam

● Combined Defence Services Examinations (CDSE) is
for people who wish to join the Air Force after
graduation. The selected candidates are trained at the
Air Force Academy, Hyderabad.
● CDSE has written exam first followed by the SSB
interview. The candidates are examined and checked
for various Officer Like Qualities.
● Only the best and most clinical aspirants are selected
for a place in the Indian Air Force.
Route 2: Clearing the CDSE

● Interested candidates can also write the Air Force
Common Admission Test if they wish to join the IAF
only for a stipulated period of time.
● One can only serve for 14 years under this entry
scheme.
Route 3: AFCAT

● If you were an NCC volunteer during your college or school
years and have an Air Wing ‘C’ division certificate in your
pocket, then you can directly for the SSB interview
provided you have a grade better than or equal to ‘B’ on
the Air Wing ‘C’ certificate.
● All these routes also require you to attempt and pass a pilot
aptitude test (formally known as the Pilot Aptitude Battery
Test), you can only write this test once in your lifetime. If
you are not able to clear this exam, you cannot ever apply
for the position of a pilot in the Indian Air Forces.
● It is important you mentally decide what sub-profession you
want to choose as a pilot; do you want to be a pilot who
serves the nation or a prime-time pilot who carries
thousands of people every day? The decision is totally up
to you but it is important to decide it beforehand so that you
can easily steer your boat afterwards.
Route 4: NCC

Pilot Training Timeline & Money Required
● After joining a flying school, you pursue a 3-year state of the
art B. Sc in Aviation where you learn about aviation and
aircraft in detail and also get to apply it then and there, in the
in-flight training hours.
● You are tested regularly with quizzes and assignments all
throughout the course.
● You must have at least 250 hours of flight hours, to be
eligible for a commercial pilot license.
● You earn these 250 flight hours while you are at the flying
school itself.
● During your training, you can also become a part of the flying
cadet program. These programs are carried out by airline
companies in cooperation with an aviation school to train and
hire new pilots and airline staff.

Cost to become a Pilot
● After joining an airline, you need to spend another year or two
as a trainee or a first officer to understand the machinery and
the aircraft that particular airline uses.
● So, in all, it requires at least 4-5 good years of practice,
commitment and hard work to get your hot seat in the cockpit
as a flight captain.
● It costs around 45-60 lakhs to become a pilot in India and this
cost can go as high as 75 lakhs if you opt for a cadet program.
● The lump sum break up is 30-40 lakhs to obtain the
commercial pilot license and 15-20 lakhs for the Type Rating.
● And what is Type Rating?
● Type Rating is the training or mentoring you get beyond the
rudimentary flying school training. This training certifies that
you are eligible to fly a particular aircraft.
● Generally, the fees to be paid for Type Rating increases if the
aircraft you want to train on is bigger and technically superior.

Jobs / Admission Covered: Army wing of National Defence Academy,Air Force and
Naval Wings of National Defence Academy10+2 Cadet
Entry Scheme at the Indian Naval Academy
Procedure : 1). Written entrance examination :
Mathematics and General Ability Test
2). SSB interview
Intelligence and Personality Test
3). Medical Test
Age and Eligibility : Age : 16 ½ to 19½
Education: —12th Class pass of the 10+2 pattern of School
Education or equivalent examination
* Expected Application & Exam
Timeline :
Application period :January-February Exam time : April
Useful Links : upsc.gov.in
National Defence Academy (NDA) Examination

Jobs / Admission Covered: Indian Military AcademyOfficers Training
AcademyIndian Naval AcademyIndian Air Force
Academy
Procedure : Written examinationInterview for intelligence and
personality testPhysical Standards
Age and Eligibility : Status : Only unmarried graduates
Age : 19–24 years for IMA, INA, AFA 19-25 Years for
OTA
Educational requirements :
(i) For I.M.A. and Officers’ Training Academy— any
academic Degree.
(ii) For Indian Naval Academy—Degree in
Engineering from a recognised University/Institution
(iii) For Air Force Academy—Degree of a recognised
University (with Physics and Mathematics at 10+2
level) or Bachelor of Engineering.
Timeline :
Application : February, November - Exam Time :
May, September
CDS (Combined Defence Services
Examination)

Jobs / Admission Covered: Flying
•Ground Duty (Technical) Branch.
Aeronautical Engineer
Electronics and Aeronautical Engineer
Mechanical
•Ground Duty (Non-Technical) Branches
Aeronautical Engineer (Electronics)
Aeronautical Engineer (Mechanical)
•Ground Duty (NonTechnical)
Administration, Logistics, Accounts
Procedure : Written examinationInterview for intelligence
and personality testPhysical and Medical
Standards
Age and Eligibility : Status : Unmarried
Age : 20 to 24 years at the start of the course
for flying branch ; 20 to 26 Years for Ground
Duty (Technical & Non-Technical) Branch
Educational requirements :
Varies according to the posts .
Timeline :
Registration : December, Exam Time :
February, Course Commencement : Next Year
January
AFCAT (Air Force Common Admission Test)

Jobs / Admission
Covered:
On successful completion of 4 years of
the course, cadets will be granted
Permanent Commission in the Army in
the rank of Lt.
Procedure : •Shortlisting of Applications Two Stage
Selection ProcedureServices Selection
Board (SSB) interview
(Psychological Test, Group test and
Interviews.)
•Medical and physical examination
Age and Eligibility : Age : 16 ½ to 19½
Educational Qualification : A minimum
of 70 % aggregate marks in physics,
chemistry and maths are eligible for it.
* Expected Application &
Exam Timeline :
Application Period :May-June, Course
:January
Useful Links : http://joinindianarmy.nic.in
TES(Technical Entry Scheme)

Procedure : •Two stage selection
procedure.Services Selection
Board (SSB) interview
•Medical and physical
examination
Age and Eligibility : Status : Unmarried Male
Age Limit : 18 to 24 years as on
the 1st of July of the Year
Educational Qualifications : BE/
B.Tech candidates Of various
Streams)
* Expected
Application & Exam
Timeline :
Notification: June, Interview :
December to April
Useful Links : Notification_for_UES_27
UES (University Entry Scheme)

Procedure :
Short listing of Applications
Age and Eligibility :
Age : 20 and 27 years as of the first day of the month in which
course is due to commence.
Educational Qualifications : BE / B Tech final appearing &
degree holders in notified streams of Engineers.
* Expected Application & Exam Timeline :
Application date : April - May, Course Commencement -
January
TGC (Technical Graduate Course)

● Although there are a lot of opportunities for Aeronautical
engineering graduates, the opportunities in the core profile are
better outside India. However, there are a few
government organisations that offer high paying jobs in this field.
Following are some of the organisations that offer jobs in this
field:
● Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA)
● National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)
● Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE)
● India Space Research Organization (ISRO)
● Civil Aviation Department
● India Space Research
● Samtel Avionics
B.Tech Aeronautical Engineering Career Options and
Job Prospects

46
CAREERS IN SCIENCES - 1
• BIOLOGICAL
SCIENTISTS &
BIOTECHNOLOGY
• GENETIC SCIENTISTS
• BIOCHEMISTRY
• MICROBIOLOGY &
BIOINFORMATICS
• ANTHROPOLOGY
• CHEMISTRY
• PHYSICS
• GEOLOGY
• GEOGRAPHY & GIS
• MATHEMATICS &
STATISTICS
• METEOROLOGY
• OCEANOGRAPHY

47
CAREERS IN SCIENCES - 2
• DAIRY & POULTRY
FARMING
• FISHERY
• FORESTRY & WILD LIFE
• FOOD PROCESSING
• FOOD TECHNOLOGY
• FORESTRY
• HOME SCIENCE & HOME
ECONOMICS
• NUTRITIONISTS &
DIETICIANS
• FOOD TECHNOLOGY
• FORENSIC SCIENCE
• HORTICULURE
• ENVIRONMENT
SCIENCE

48
CHEMISTRY & ALLIED FIELDS - 1
Introduction
• Chemistry is a study of substances, their
properties, structures and transformations.
Chemists study what substances are made of
and how they can be combined to make new
materials.
Working Conditions
• The job of chemical scientists depends on the
area of specialisation. The study involves
chemical analysis, synthesis, research and
sampling of solids, liquids or gases for
determining their composition, properties,
physical and chemical changes.
Personality
• Chemistry as a subject for higher study requires
a strong scientific base. Scientists involve
themselves a lot of experimental work in
laboratories as well as researching through
theoretical data.

49
CHEMISTRY & ALLIED FIELDS - 2
Personality
• The jobs chemical scientists are involved in are related to
industries manufacturing diverse products, hence the work
environment is highly variable. Nevertheless, in the
production of chemicals and allied products there is a
significant amount of risk in handling poisonous chemicals.
Courses & Work Area
• Chemical in Drug industry, food industry, plastics, …
• Organic/Inorganic/Physical/Analytical/Industrial Chemists
• Chemical Engineers (Process)
• Chemical Engineering Technician (Production)
• Chemical Technician (R&D)
• Non-Production Jobs

50
PHYSICS & ALLIED FIELDS - 1
Introduction
• Physics is a fundamental science and for this reason most
other scientists need to study the subject. Chemists,
engineers, biologists, as well as doctors need a basic
understanding of physics, Astrophysics, Geophysics, Medical
physics, Nuclear physics, Meteorology, Astronomy and
Biophysics are specialized fields.
Working Conditions
• The job of physicists involves working with mathematical and
statistical scientists and is very closely integrated with the
work of engineers. It is often difficult to distinguish between
the role of engineers and physicists in highly technical fields.
• Physicists work in the laboratory and where equipments
designed by them is installed. Industry based jobs require
frequent visits to the technical section besides the laboratory.

51
PHYSICS & ALLIED FIELDS - 2
Personality
• Physicists are quite like all other scientists. Their
job requires working with details. Interest in
scientific phenomena, patience, perseverance,
precision, an inclination to search for real solutions
is the strength of all physicists.
Courses & Work Area
• Geophysicists
• Biophysicists
• Medical Physicists
• Experimental Physicists
• Astrophysicists
• Astronomy

52
MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS - 1
• Mathematics is needed by people in all
works of life, to try and sell, to figure
costs, to calculate real interest rates on
loans, to fill out income-tax forms, to
prepare recipes and in a host of other
ways.
Working Conditions
• Mathematics is a study of form, structure,
operations, and relationships. The work of
Mathematicians and Statisticians is office
based. The job is essentially a desk job
with extensive use of the computer and
follows a normal weekly schedule.
Introduction

53
Personality
• A career in any of the mathematical sciences,
including mathematics, statistics, computer
science, physical sciences, engineering and
other mathematically oriented fields such as
actuarial work or accounting requires an
aptitude of mathematics. You should enjoy
working with figures and solving problems, and
should be able to think abstractly as well as
concretely.
Operations Research - Introduction
• Mathematics applies itself to operation research.
Mathematical models are applied to
management and operational data to solve
problems.
• Operations Research is generally a team work
and ORA are required for a variety of work
related issues.

54
Working Conditions
• This is an indoor work and required long periods of
close concentration on mathematical formulae and
their application to specific management concerns
Mathematics is needed by people in all works of life,
to try and sell, to figure costs, to calculate real
interest rates on loans, to fill out income-tax forms,
to prepare recipes and in a host of other ways.
Personality
• Excellent mathematical skills and love for
mathematics is essential. Analytical and problem
solving skills are required.
Courses & Work Area
• Bachelor/Master/Diploma in
– Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Applied
– Mathematics Pure, Statistical Methods, Statistical
Applied

55
Courses & Work Area
• Theoretical/Applied/Consultant
Mathematicians
• Vedic Mathematics
• Statistics  In Enterprise Resource
Planning & Decision Making
• Computing & Maths
• Finance, Medical, Commerce, Planning
Commission
• Indian Statistical Service (ISS)  UPSC
after post-graduation
• Operations Research Analyst
– Solution with Maths;
– Masters in Operations Research
Institutes
• Chennai Mathematical Institute, Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research (TIFR), Indian Statistical Institute (ISI)

56
GEOLOGY - 1
Introduction
• Geology is the Science which studies the earth’s history, composition
and structure. The term geosciences is used to cover all geological
disciplines as each of the geological scientists involve themselves in
multidisciplinary work. It includes geochemistry, geophysics,
sedimentation, economic geology, and engineering geology as well
as historical geology which relates to the study of history of the
earth’s crust by studying the formation of rocks, geophysicists use
the principles of physics and mathematics to study the earth’s
internal composition, surface and atmosphere and also magnetic,
electrical and gravitational forces. Geochemistry is the study of
chemical composition of the Earth.
Working Conditions
• A geologist’s work can be laboratory based or field based. Most
geologists work or supervise exploration work at a variety of sites-
deserts, land forms, ocean floors, riverbeds, mountains, etc. Field
jobs involve travelling and working outdoors often in difficult
situations.

57
GEOLOGY - 2
Personality
• Geologist’s need scientific acumen along with the power of
observation, analysis, logic and a spirit of investigation. Good
numerical aptitude, clarity and precision in dealing with data of
various types is needed.
Courses & Work Area
• Study/Preservation/Clean-up of Environment
• Geochemistry  Study of composition of earth
• Marine/Petroleum Geologists, Mineralogists, Geohydrologists,
Hydrologists, Paleontologists (Fossils), Seismologists,
Stratigraphers (Study of sedimentary rock), Engg Geology,
Environmental Geology (waste disposal), Geochromologists
(Use radio-active dating), Geomorphologists (study of earth
surface), surveyors
– Selection via UPSC Exam

58
GEOGRAPHERS & GIS - 1
Introduction
• Geographers study the distribution and location of physical
and cultural phenomena at the local, regional and global
scale. Specialists in geography are concerned in
understanding and studying the impacts of economics or even
planned delivery programmes on physical and human
landscapes.
• GIS is a technology that attaches a database to an electronic
map. GIS technology can be used for scientific investigations,
resource management and development planning.
Working Conditions
• Geographers working in various sectors study the distribution
of soils and its mineral content, vegetation, landforms, climate
and water resources. Geographers spend time in the field
while collecting data but most of their time is spent in an
office where they collate and analyse information.

59
GEOGRAPHERS & GIS - 2
Personality
• Geographers must have acumen to handle
statistical data. Observation, skill for drawing
inferences based on compiled information,
writing reports and making judgements will be
required.
Courses & Work Area
• Physical, Human, Medical, Cartography (Maps
preparation), Urban, Regional, Economic,
Political
• Cartography – data for maps
• GIS (Geographic Information System)
• M.Sc (Cartography) – University of Madras
• Diploma (Cartography) – Aligarh Muslim
University

60
METEOROLOGY - 1
Introduction
• Meteorology is the science related to the study
of the atmosphere. Meteorologists study the
atmosphere, monitoring and analysing its
changes to make interpretations and
predictions for the benefit of man. They work in
several areas besides weather forecasting. They
research radioactive fall out, the dynamics of
hurricanes, ozone levels in the stratosphere or
work in radio and televised weather bulletins.
Working Conditions
• Most of the work is done in weather labs in
comfortable offices. Weather stations are
located in many places which may not always
be in large cities.

61
METEOROLOGY - 2
Personality
• Meteorologists often work under pressure with constraints
of time for meeting deadlines particularly while reporting
severe weather systems. Their work demands accuracy.
Courses & Work Area
• Study of atmosphere (predict winds, temperature)
• Aviation Meteorology
• Industrial Meteorology (Pollution)
• Physical Meteorology

62
OCEANOGRAPHY - 1
Introduction
• With the need for complete and optimum utilisation of natural
resources attention has been drawn to the resources under
the sea. They study the seas, its coastline, estuaries, coastal
waters, shelves and the ocean bed. Their work incorporates
the scientific knowledge of biology, chemistry, physics,
geology, geophysics and the application of mathematics,
engineering science along with the use of computers.
Working Conditions
• Oceanographers work in onshore laboratories, offices and
aquariums. The job incorporates conducting studies on
samples collected from the sea, preparing plans for sea trips
and teaching.

63
OCEANOGRAPHY - 2
Personality
• The work requires an enquiring mind, good
observation, ability to deal with details and
meticulous work.
Courses & Work Area
• Che, Bio, Phy, Geological, Marine (Find
Petroleum/Mineral Deposits)
• Bachelors/Masters in Marine Chemistry / Marine
Science / Marine Bio-Tech

64
BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS - 1
Biological Scientists
• Biological scientists work in varied environments
ranging from rigorous outdoor conditions to exacting
lab work. Biologists work with toxic substances
undertake risk and hence have to exercise great
care.
Personality & Working Conditions
• Biological scientists must have an above average
aptitude in the understanding of biological, chemical
and mathematical concepts. Most of the job is of
observation and systematic study hence a systematic
approach coupled with patience and curiosity are
essential to sustain one through long periods of
research and study.

65
BIOTECHNOLOGY - 2
Biotechnology
• A bundle of techniques applied to living cells is
what we call biotechnology. The
biotechnologist engineers these living cells to
produce a particular product of improved
quality. Biotechnology is the exploitation of
natural resources at the microbial and
molecular level for the benefit of mankind.
Working Conditions
• Biotechnologists largely work in laboratories to
conduct scientific research. Sometimes, they
need to travel to different scientific centres due
to the diversified nature of work.
Personality
• Biotechnology requires intense hard work,
perservance and challenge for achieving
results. A very bright academic profile with
scientific bent of mind is required.

66
BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS - 3
Courses & Work Area
• Anatomists (Tissue), Aquatic Biologists (life under water),
Agronomist (Crop production), Bio-informatics (information
from database), Cytologists (Cells), Biochemistry,
Biophysics, Curator (Museum), Ecologists, Entomologists
(Pests), Geneticists, Microbiologists, Ornithologists (Birds),
Pisciculturist (Fish Culture), Mycologist (Control Fungi)
• Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
• Bio-Technology: Inter-discipline in Bio-Science, Bio-
Chemistry, Chemical Science, Biological Engineering,
Engineering Science, Chemical Engineering.
– Combined Entrance Exam for M.Tech / M.Sc. /
M.Sc(Agri) / M.V.Sc
• Molecular Biology
• Agricultural Bio-Technology

67
GENETIC SCIENTISTS
Introduction
• Genetics is the study of heredity. Genetic scientists
are involved in pursuing research for identifying
particular genes in plant, animal and human tissue
samples.
Working Conditions
• Genetic scientists work in laboratories and spend
most of the time working on microscopes,
computers, etc.
Personality
• Genetic scientists have to go through a prolonged
phase of higher education extending frequently
beyond 6 years. Scientists in this field require
brilliant mathematical and analytical skills besides
knowledge of the subject. The field is one of rapid
progress hence scientists with a progressive
outlook are best suited.

68
BIOCHEMISTRY
Introduction
• Biochemistry is a branch which is concerned
with the chemistry of the biological
processes. Biochemists are mainly engaged
in research related to the fields of medicine,
agriculture, and nutrition.
Working Conditions
• The work of biochemists is generally carried
on in clean, quiet, and modern laboratories.
Personality
• Biochemists are intensively involved in
research work and hence must have an
inquisitive mind, perseverance and keen
observation. The task often continues over
long periods of time hence requires patience
and tenacity.

69
MICROBIOLOGY & BIOINFORMATICS
Introduction
• Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms.
Microbiologists study the relationships between
microbes and man, animals and plants.
Working Conditions
• Microbiologists work in laboratories located in
research organisations, hospitals, food and beverage
industries, pharmaceuticals firms.
Personality
• An analytical and scientific temper, intense interest in
research, keen observation, perseverance, and
hardwork are required.
Bioinformatics
• Bioinformatics encompasses research, development
and application of computational tools and aims at
expanding the use of biological medical, behavioural,
or health data

70
ANTHROPOLOGY
Introduction
• Anthropologists trace the origin and evolutionary
development of man by studying the changed physical
characteristics and cultural, social institutions.
Working Conditions
• Anthropologists work in educational libraries as well as
in the field. Fieldwork entails working in difficult and
remote areas. Physical stamina and ability to adapt to
difficult situations is required.
Personality
• Interest in history, various cultures and customs of
tribals and communities are required for this field.
Courses & Work Area
• Biochemists, Microbiologists, Anthropologists (Trace the
origin & evolution), Bio-informatics.
• Study of Humanity
• Physical, Socio-cultural, Archaeology

71
HOME SCIENCE & HOME ECONOMICS - 1
Introduction
• Home Science has been defined as a field of study
built upon many disciplines for the purpose of
achieving and maintaining the welfare and well
being of home and family life in an ever changing
society.
Working Conditions
• Home environment is diverse: Schools, aircraft
cabins, textile printing and designing departments,
hotels, hospitals, research organisations,
marketing divisions, etc.
Personality
• Home Science offers varied areas for specialisation
hence the work environment too is diverse. The
subject is largely scientific in nature and hence
requires and analytical mind the scientific acumen.

72
Courses & Work Area
• Dietetics & Nutrition
• Child Development
• Textile Designing
• Jobs: Toys design, Dress making, Food analysts.
• Dip in Dyeing & Prating, Dip in Food and Nutrition, Dip in
Early Childhood Care & Education
• B.Sc(Home Science)
– Textile Chemistry
– Textiles & Clothing
• PG Dip in Dietetics
• Dip in Dietetics & Public Health Nutrition
• M.Sc (Applied Nutrition)
HOME SCIENCE & HOME ECONOMICS - 2

73
NUTRITIONISTS & DIETICIANS
Introduction
• Nutritionists and dieticians deal with the practical means
by which we can use information on diet and energy
needs to improve our general health and well being.
Nutritionists could be dietician, food technologists or
home economists. Dieticians especially work to assist
people in all their special circumstances in life – the
young, the elderly, the sick, nursing mothers, active
sports person, the heath conscious and the like.
Working Conditions
• Generally they work for regular hours and in hospitals
may be required to work on weekends.
Personality
• An aptitude in science, an interest in diets and the
temperament to work in a group, undertake responsibility
and qualities vital for this profession.
Work Area
• Food industry/Clinical dietician

74
FOOD TECHNOLOGY
Food technologists
• Food technology is the study of science related to
processing of food stuffs.
Working Conditions
• Food technologists work in offices, laboratories
and classrooms.
Personality
• Flood technologists should have an analytical
mind, must enjoy technical work and should be
good in communicating.
Institute
• Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore

75
FOOD PROCESSING
Courses & Work Area
• Fruit Technology
• B.A/B.Tech/B.Sc (Home Science/Food
Science/Food Technology)
• Central Food Technology Research Institute,
Mysore
• B.Sc (Zoology)  M.Sc (Fisheries)
• Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai
• Sugar Technology
• Nutritionists & Dieticians
• Food industry/Clinical dietician
• Food Technology
• Processing & Preservation of food stuff

76
FORENSIC SCIENCE -1
Introduction
• Forensic scientists scientifically analyse, identify,
and classify physical evidence relating to criminal
or suspected cases of crime. They work in labs.
Personality
• An aptitude for scientific and systematic
investigation is required for forensic experts. An
enquiring mind, logic, curiosity, systematic work
habits are essential for working in this field.

77
FORENSIC SCIENCE - 2
Courses & Work Area
• Analyse Criminal Cases
• Forensic Odontology  Based on Dental Research
• Forensic Pathology  Cause of death
• Forensic Toxicology
• Forensic Psychiatry
• Forensic Fingerprint Experts
– Master/Diploma in Forensic Science
• Criminology:
– M.A, Dip at Dharwad University, Karnataka
– B.Sc. (Criminology), B.Sc. (Forensic Science) – Also
Diploma.

78
HORTICULTURE
Introduction
• Horticulture encompasses cultivation of plants,
vegetables, flowers, fruits, herbs, shrubs, bushes,
ornamental trees and landscaping of gardens,
maintaining nurseries, green houses, gardens,
orchards and plantations.
Working Conditions
• Those who work in government sector are
responsible for the maintanence of parks, public
gardens, official lawns, etc. Horticulturalists work in
turf grass maintenance or even as consultants for
large turf land. They might work in green houses,
outdoors, in shops, nurseries, or golf courses or
even in public gardens.
Personality
• Interest in nature, concern for the environment, love
for plant life are perhaps the basic requirements for
success as a horticulturist.

79
ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE
Introduction
• Environment science concerns itself with the study
of plants, flora and fauna, animals, pollution (in air,
soil, water).
Working Conditions
• Environment scientists work both in the office and
in the field. Field job is for surveying the complex
situations causing environmental problems and may
require working in unhealthy and difficult
environments.
Personality
• They must have intense concern for environment
preservation, ecology and sensitivity for protection
of the environment, repercussions of tissues
concerning environmental degradation and
pollution.
Work Area
• Land conservation, Pollution Management

80
DAIRY & POULTRY FARMING
Introduction
• Dairy industry must maintain strict codes of health and
hygiene and thus diary plants are generally clean and
equipped with modern machines.
Personality
• The job of diary and poultry farmers requires both scientific
acumen and attention for detail. Health and care of the farm
animals and birds is of prime concern which requires regular
attention and a well structured personal regimen.
Courses & Work Area
• Diary & Poultry Farming
• B.Sc/B.Tech in Diary Technology
• National Diary Research Institute, Warnal, Haryana

81
FISHERY
Introduction
• Students of fishery work in the development of fish breeding
farms, or supervise fish research centres. Fishery scientists
work in coastal regions on fish farms, hatcheries essentially
working outdoors.
Personality
• Intense interest in marine life as well as scientific interest in
propagation and preservation are required.
Courses & Work Area
• Aquatic Biology
• Fishery Science
• Capture and Culture Fisheries

82
FORESTRY & WILD LIFE
Introduction
• Foresters working in the field work in varied
terrains and weather conditions. They may even
encounter hazardous conditions such as forest
fires. The job can be strenuous and may require
long hours of walking and driving.
Personality
• People involved with forest management and in
the forest services need to be intensely interested
in environment, ecology, wildlife and
conservation.
Courses & Work Area
• IFS: By UPSC; Only to Science and Engg Graduates
• Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

ALL THE BEST FOR YOUR FUTURE
- ) SHRAVAN SHETTY
< CAREER COACH

Shravan Shetty on science careers after PUC

Shravan Shetty on science careers after PUC

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