Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Walking-Working Surfaces by PATHS
Similar to Walking-Working Surfaces by PATHS (20)
More from Atlantic Training, LLC.
More from Atlantic Training, LLC. (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Walking-Working Surfaces by PATHS
- 1. Walking-Working Surfaces 1PPT-036-03 Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D
- 2. Introduction 2PPT-036-03 Slips, trips and falls cause: →The majority of general industry accidents →15 percent of all accidental deaths →More fatalities than all other causes except motor vehicles OSHA’s standards for walking and working surfaces apply to all permanent places of employment, except where only domestic, mining, or agricultural work is performed
- 3. General Requirements Housekeeping • Workplaces must be kept clean, orderly, and sanitary • Workroom floors must be maintained as clean and dry as possible 3PPT-036-03
- 4. General Requirements Aisles and Passageways • Keep clear and move obstructions that could create a hazard • Mark permanent aisles and passageways • Aisles must be sufficiently wide where mechanical handling equipment is used 4PPT-036-03
- 5. General Requirements Covers and Guardrails Provide covers or guardrails to protect workers from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, and the like 5PPT-036-03
- 6. General Requirements Skylight, Floor Opening Every skylight, floor opening and hole shall be guarded by a standard skylight screen or a fixed standard railing on all exposed sides 6PPT-036-03
- 7. General Requirements Pit & Trapdoor Floor Opening Every pit and trapdoor floor opening, infrequently used=guarded by a floor opening cover of standard strength and construction While the cover is not in place, the pit or trap opening constantly attended by someone or protected on all exposed sides by removable standard railings 7PPT-036-03
- 8. General Requirements Floor Loading Protection • Load ratings must be marked on plates and conspicuously posted • Do not exceed the load rating limit 8PPT-036-03
- 9. Floor Opening An opening measuring 12 inches or more in its least dimension in a floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through which people may fall. 9PPT-036-03
- 10. Guarding Floor Openings Definitions: Standard railing: o Consists of top rail, mid rail, and posts o Height from upper surface of top rail to floor level is 42 inches o Mid rail height is 21 inches Standard toeboard: o 4 inches high, with not more than ¼ inch clearance above the floor 10PPT-036-03
- 11. Stairway Floor Openings Must be guarded by a standard railing on all exposed sides (except at entrance) 11PPT-036-03
- 12. Ladderway Floor Openings • Guard with a standard railing with toeboard on all exposed sides (except entrance) • Guard the passage through the railing with a swinging gate or offset it to prevent someone from walking into the opening 12PPT-036-03
- 13. Floor Hole • An opening measuring less than 12” but more than 1” in its least dimension, in a floor, platform, pavement or yard, through which materials but not persons may fall • Every floor hole that people can accidentally walk into must be guarded by either: o a standard railing with toeboard or o a cover 13PPT-036-03
- 14. Wall Openings • Opening at least 30” high and 18” wide, in a wall or partition, through which persons may fall • Wall openings from which there is a drop of more than 4 feet must be guarded 14PPT-036-03
- 15. Open-sided Floors & Platforms Open-sided floors or platforms 4’ or more above adjacent floor or ground level must be guarded by a standard railing (or equivalent) on all open sides, except where there is an entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder A toeboard is required when beneath the open sides: o persons can pass, o there is moving machinery, or o there is equipment where falling materials could create a hazard 15PPT-036-03 Unguarded Platform
- 16. Open-sided Concerns Floors, Walkways, Platforms and Runways: Regardless of height, a standard railing and toeboard must be used to guard: o open-sided floors o walkways o platforms, or o runways Above or adjacent to dangerous equipment, pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, and similar hazards 16PPT-036-03
- 17. Stairways Flights of stairs with four or more risers must have standard stair railings or handrails 17PPT-036-03
- 18. Fixed Industrial Stairs Treads must be slip resistant with uniform rise height and tread width Must be able to carry 5 times expected load; minimum of 1000 pounds Minimum width of 22” 18PPT-036-03 Violation here: several steps bent and damaged, no railings/handrails, tools on stairs
- 19. Portable Ladders Ladders used to gain access to a roof or other area must extend at least 3’ above the point of support Remove defective ladders from service and tag or mark “Dangerous, Do Not Use” Never use ladders in a horizontal position as scaffolds or work platforms Never use metal ladders near electrical equipment 19PPT-036-03 Notice step ladder in use; safer to use straight ladder
- 20. Duty Rating 20PPT-036-03 A ladder duty rating tells you its maximum weight capacity. There are four categories of the duty ratings: • Type IA – These ladders have a duty rating of 300 pounds and are recommended for extra heavy- duty industrial use. • Type I – These ladders have a duty rating of 250 pounds and are manufactured for heavy-duty use. • Type II – These ladders have a duty rating of 225 pounds and are approved for medium-duty use. • Type III – These ladders have a duty rating of 200 pounds and are rated for light-duty use.
- 21. Portable Wood Ladders Free from sharp edges, splinters, wane, & decay Step ladders - Type I = 3 to 20’ (heavy duty use) - Type II = 3 to 12’ (medium duty) - Type III = 3 to 6’ (light duty) These have a metal spreader or locking device 21PPT-036-03
- 22. Portable Wood Ladders Inspection per 29 CFR 1910.25(d)(1)(x) Regularly inspect ladders Those with defects withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use" 22PPT-036-03
- 23. Portable Ladders Single/Straight ladder 30 feet or less Extension ladder 60 feet or less Painter’s ladder 12 feet or less 23PPT-036-03
- 24. Care and Use of Ladders Ladders must be maintained in good condition at all times: ▪ Joints must be tight ▪ Metal bearings of lock, wheels, pulleys, etc., must be lubricated ▪ Frayed or badly worn rope must be replaced ▪ Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment must be in good condition Ladders must be inspected frequently 24PPT-036-03
- 25. Ladders and Electricity Metal ladders conduct electricity – be careful where they are located when in use Suggest metal ladders have a sign stating “not for use around electricity or electrical lines” 25PPT-036-03
- 26. Ladder Angle Portable Rung and Cleat Ladders Use at angle where the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is ¼ the working length of the ladder (length along ladder between the foot and top support) 26PPT-036-03
- 28. Safe Use of Ladders - Make sure the ladder is strong enough and long enough for the job - Carefully inspect the ladder before you use it - Place the ladder on a firm, level surface with its feet parallel to the wall it is resting against - Face the ladder when ascending or descending 28PPT-036-03
- 29. Safe Use of Ladders - Ensure rungs are free from grease/oil - Always maintain 3 points of contact when ascending or descending - Never splice ladders together 29PPT-036-03 Employee is maintaining three points of contact while working
- 30. Fixed Ladders Permanently attached to a structure, building or equipment Cages or wells required if longer than 20’ to a maximum unbroken length of 30’ Ladder safety devices may be used on tower, water tank and chimney ladders over 20’ in unbroken length instead of cage protection 30PPT-036-03
- 31. Safe Use of Ladders 31PPT-036-03 Bracket Bent & Shelf Missing Rail Bent Any Safety Issues Here?
- 32. Scaffolding General Requirements Must be capable of supporting four times the maximum intended load Do not alter or move while in use Protect workers on scaffolds from overhead hazards If higher than 10’, use guardrails, midrails and toeboards Use wire mesh between the toeboard and guardrail if people work or pass underneath Must be equipped with access ladder or equivalent 32PPT-036-03
- 33. Scaffolding: General Requirements Designed by qualified person and built loaded to design Footing or anchorage of scaffolds must be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without displacement Must be capable of supporting at least 4 times the maximum intended load 33PPT-036-03
- 34. Any Problems Here? 34PPT-036-03 Scaffolding unsafe – no guardrails, not supported or anchored properly, etc.
- 35. Summary Slips, trips, and falls constitute the majority of general industry accidents OSHA’s standards for walking and working surfaces include requirements for guarding floor/wall openings and holes, housekeeping, industrial stairs and ladders Maintaining proper clearance and aisle space helps to prevent accidents and injuries Keeping working surfaces clean, dry, and uncluttered can prevent many workplace accidents 35PPT-036-03
- 36. Remember A slip/trip/fall can occur in just one second, and that one second can change your life Be careful, be safe, and use common sense when it comes to maintaining and using walking and working surfaces 36PPT-036-03
- 38. Contact Information Health & Safety Training Specialists 1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324 Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501 (717) 772-1635 RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov 38PPT-036-03 Like us on Facebook! - https://www.facebook.com/BWCPATHS
Editor's Notes
- This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour General Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience. This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor.
- 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart D Walking-Working Surfaces (§1910.21 to 1910.30) Slips, trips and falls cause: →The majority of general industry accidents →15 percent of all accidental deaths →More fatalities than all other causes except motor vehicles OSHA’s standards for walking and working surfaces apply to all permanent places of employment, except where only domestic, mining, or agricultural work is performed
- Some of the most frequently cited violations in Subpart D involve housekeeping [1910.22(a)]. Drainage must be maintained and gratings, mats or raised platforms must be provided where wet processes are used. Every floor, working place and passageway must be kept free from protruding nails, splinters, holes, or loose boards to facilitate cleaning.
- 1910.22(b) Keep clear and move obstructions that could create a hazard Mark permanent aisles and passageways Aisles must be sufficiently wide where mechanical handling equipment is used
- 1910.22(c) Covers and Guardrails Provide covers or guardrails to protect workers from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, and the like
- Every skylight, floor opening and hole shall be guarded by a standard skylight screen or a fixed standard railing on all exposed sides.
- Every pit and trapdoor floor opening, infrequently used=guarded by a floor opening cover of standard strength and construction While the cover is not in place, the pit or trap opening constantly attended by someone or protected on all exposed sides by removable standard railings.
- Floor loading conditions must always be considered to guard against local collapse. Load ratings must be marked on plates and conspicuously posted Do not exceed the load rating limit 1910.22(d)
- An opening measuring 12 inches or more in its least dimension in a floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through which people may fall. 1910.21(a)(2)
- Guards for floor openings may be considered as Standard railing: Consists of top rail, mid rail, and posts Height from upper surface of top rail to floor level is 42 inches Mid rail height is 21 inches Standard toeboard: 4 inches high, with not more than ¼ inch clearance above the floor 1910.23(e)(1) and (4)
- Stairway floor openings must be guarded by a standard railing on all exposed sides (except at the entrance) per1910.23(a)(1)
- 1910.23(a)(2) Guard with a standard railing with toeboard on all exposed sides (except entrance) Guard the passage through the railing with a swinging gate or offset it to prevent someone from walking into the opening
- 1910.21(a)(1) 1910.23(a)(8) An opening measuring less than 12” but more than 1” in its least dimension, in a floor, platform, pavement or yard, through which materials but not persons may fall Every floor hole that people can accidentally walk into must be guarded by either: a standard railing with toeboard or a cover
- 1910.23(b)(1) Wall Openings Opening at least 30” high and 18” wide, in a wall or partition, through which persons may fall Wall openings from which there is a drop of more than 4 feet must be guarded
- 1910.23(c)(1) Open-sided floors or platforms 4’ or more above adjacent floor or ground level must be guarded by a standard railing (or equivalent) on all open sides, except where there is an entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder A toeboard is required when beneath the open sides: persons can pass, there is moving machinery, or there is equipment where falling materials could create a hazard
- 1910.23(c)(3) Floors, Walkways, Platforms and Runways: Regardless of height, a standard railing and toeboard must be used to guard: open-sided floors walkways platforms, or runways Above or adjacent to dangerous equipment, pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, and similar hazards
- 1910.23(d)(1) 1910.23(e)(2) Flights of stairs with four or more risers must have standard stair railings or handrails
- 1910.24 For fixed industrial stairs Treads must be slip resistant with uniform rise height and tread width Must be able to carry 5 times expected load; minimum of 1000 pounds Minimum width of 22”
- 1910.25 1910.26 “Ladder accidents are extremely common even though they are entirely preventable. Ladder accidents can come from a wide variety of issues, but the following four causes account for the vast majority and if the simple loss prevention tips for each cause are followed ladder accidents can almost be eliminated.” www.cultureofsafety.com/safety-tips/ladder-safety There are four (4) main types of ladder accidents: Selecting the wrong type of ladder for a job, Using worn or damaged ladders, The incorrect use of a ladder, and The incorrect placement of ladders www.cultureofsafety.com/safety-tips/ladder-safety
- Be mindful of the ladder duty rating. It tells the maximum weight capacity. There are four categories of the duty ratings: Type IA – These ladders have a duty rating of 300 pounds and are recommended for extra heavy-duty industrial use. Type I – These ladders have a duty rating of 250 pounds and are manufactured for heavy-duty use. Type II – These ladders have a duty rating of 225 pounds and are approved for medium-duty use. Type III – These ladders have a duty rating of 200 pounds and are rated for light-duty use.
- Maximum length: Stepladders – 20 ft, single-rung ladders – 30 ft., two-section rung ladders – 60 ft. Stepladders must be equipped with a metal spreader or locking device to securely hold the front and back sections in an open position. All ladders must be inspected periodically, kept in good condition at all times, and must be free from sharp edges, splinters, oil grease, or other defects which would affect their use.
- Inspection of portable wood ladders per 29 CFR 1910.25(d)(1)(x) Regularly inspect ladders Those with defects withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use"
- The length of a stepladder is measured by the length of the front rail. To be classified as a standard length ladder, the measured length must be within plus or minus one-half inch of the specified length. Stepladders must not exceed 20 feet. The bottom four rails are to be supplied with an insulating non-slip material for the safety of the user. Metal ladders conduct electricity.
- Ladders must be maintained in good condition at all times: Joints must be tight Metal bearings of lock, wheels, pulleys, etc., must be lubricated Frayed or badly worn rope must be replaced Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment must be in good condition Ladders must be inspected frequently
- Metal ladders conduct electricity – be careful where they are located when in use Suggest metal ladders have a sign stating “not for use around electricity or electrical lines”
- 1910.25 Portable Rung and Cleat Ladders Use at angle where the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is ¼ the working length of the ladder (length along ladder between the foot and top support) - Always place the ladder on secure footing and lock in place. - Short ladders shall not be spliced together to make long ladders. - The top of a regular stepladder shall not be used as a step. - Always face the ladder when climbing or descending.
- To determine the proper climbing angle for a straight or extension ladder walk up to the ladder and place your toes against the ladder base. Next, reach out with your arms fully extended at shoulder level. Determine if your palms touch the ladder without having to bend forward or backward. If your toes are at the base of the ladder and you can touch your palms to the rung you’re at a good climbing angle. If not, adjust the ladder until you can perform the “palm pre-check” as described above.
- -Make sure the ladder is strong enough and long enough for the job Carefully inspect the ladder before you use it - Place the ladder on a firm, level surface with its feet parallel to the wall it is resting against - Face the ladder when ascending or descending
- Ensure rungs are free from grease/oil Always maintain 3 points of contact when ascending or descending -Never splice ladders together
- 1910.27 All fixed ladders must be inspected regularly and be maintained in a safe condition. Preferred pitch in range of 75 to 90 degrees with horizontal. Permanently attached to a structure, building or equipment Cages or wells required if longer than 20’ to a maximum unbroken length of 30’ Ladder safety devices may be used on tower, water tank and chimney ladders over 20’ in unbroken length instead of cage protection
- Unsafe? Yes! Bracket bent and shelf missing Rail bent
- 1910.28 Scaffolding Must be capable of supporting four times the maximum intended load Do not alter or move while in use Protect workers on scaffolds from overhead hazards If higher than 10’, use guardrails, midrails and toeboards Use wire mesh between the toeboard and guardrail if people work or pass underneath Must be equipped with access ladder or equivalent Damaged or weakened scaffolds must not be used. A safe means must be provided to gain access to the working platform level through use of a ladder, ramp, etc. Never work on scaffolds during storms, high winds, ice, or snow. Always be aware of the hazards of overhead power lines when working on scaffolds.
- Scaffolding Designed by qualified person and built loaded to design Footing or anchorage of scaffolds must be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without displacement Must be capable of supporting at least 4 times the maximum intended load
- Problems? Scaffolding unsafe-no guardrails, not supported or anchored properly.
- In summary: Slips, trips, and falls constitute the majority of general industry accidents OSHA’s standards for walking and working surfaces include requirements for guarding floor/wall openings and holes, housekeeping, industrial stairs and ladders Maintaining proper clearance and aisle space helps to prevent accidents and injuries Keeping working surfaces clean, dry, and uncluttered can prevent many workplace accidents
- Remember: A slip/trip/fall can occur in just one second, and that one second can change your life Be careful, be safe, and use common sense when it comes to maintaining and using walking and working surfaces