Monitoring, measuring and modeling atmospheric mercury and air-surface exchange – are we making progress?

1. Overview: Monitoring, Measuring and Modeling Atmospheric Mercury and Air-Surface
Exchange

2. Mount Etna: Measuring speciated mercury on the flanks of Mount Etna, Sicily during one of the
European Tropospheric Mercury Experiment Program (ETMEP, part of the Project, Global
Mercury Observation System (GMOS)). Volcanoes are a natural mercury source and in order to
understand the anthropogenic impact on the biogeochemical mercury cycle we also need to
understand the natural emission component [Photo by CNR-IIA].

3. Measuring mercury on board a Rockwell Turbo Commander: Measuring mercury on the ground
and on board a Rockwell Turbo Commander at Mount Etna (3300m), Sicily. The European
Tropospheric Mercury Experiment Program saw the aircraft spiraling through the volcanic plume
[Photo by CNR-IIA].

4. Station Nord: View of Station Nord research station at the northern tip of Greenland (81°36’
North). At Station Nord mercury has been measured (with some breaks) since 1999 [photo by
Bjarne Jensen].

5. Mario Zucchelli Station (formerly Terra Nova Station), located at 74°41'42"S, 164°07'23"E,
Gerlache Inlett, Victoria Land, Ross sea [photo by Italian National Antarctic Programme]

6. Italian Arctic Station: The Italian Arctic Station “Dirigibile Italia” Ny-Ålesund (78°55' N, 11°56' E)
in the Norwegian Archipelago of Spitzbergen (Svalbard). [Photo by CNR-IIA]

7. Measuring atmospheric mercury in West Atlantic Ocean: Measuring atmospheric mercury on a
cruise in the West Atlantic Ocean. The Tekran system to measure mercury with is located on the
side of the ship. During the campaign atmospheric and surface ocean gaseous elemental
mercury was measured in order to investigate changes in air-sea exchange fluxes [photo by
Maria Bernander].

8. Measuring atmospheric mercury in West Atlantic Ocean 2: Measuring atmospheric mercury on
a cruise in the West Atlantic Ocean. The Tekran system to measure mercury with is located on
the side of the ship. During the campaign atmospheric and surface ocean gaseous elemental
mercury was measured in order to investigate changes in air-sea exchange fluxes [photo by
Maria Bernander].

9. Mercury Instrument: Mercury instrument set up above the prow of the ship during one of the
ongoing series of Med-Oceanor cruise campaigns aboard the Italian Research Council's R.V.
Urania, in the Mediterranean Sea [Photo by CNR-IIA].

10. Rain sampler: Rain sampler used to collect samples to look at wet deposition of mercury [photo
by Maria Bernander].

11. Measurements of oxidized mercury species during an aircraft campaign (NOMADSS study) over
the South Eastern US. During the campaign mercury was sampled near urban areas, near
industrial point sources and in the free troposphere [Photo by Jaffe Research Group].

12. Measurements of oxidized mercury species during an aircraft campaign (NOMADSS study) over
the South Eastern US. During the campaign mercury was sampled near urban areas, near
industrial point sources and in the free troposphere [Photo by Jaffe Research Group].

13. Ev-K2-CNR Pyramid Laboratory/Observatory: The Ev-K2-CNR Pyramid Laboratory/Observatory
(5,050 meters a.s.l.) in Nepal at the base of Mount Everest overlooking the Khumbu Glacier.

14. Mace Head Research Station: Mercury has been continuously measured at the Mace Head
Research Station (Ireland) since 1995. The station receives air from the Atlantic Ocean and
continental Europe (photo by Ralf Ebinghaus).