“There is not art which one government sooner leas of another than that of draining money from the pockets of the people” - Adam Smith

1. ZERO-EMISSIONS MARTIME APPLICATION
I.
NORTH AMERICAN EMISSION CONTROL AREA (ECA)
TO REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS
II.
ESTABLISHED PORT OPERATIONS
NEW CONSTRUCTION
ECA FOR SHIPS
“The main Hawaiian Islands include the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Oahu,
Molokai, Niihau, Kauai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe. These islands are the
main populated islands of the Hawaiian Islands chain, with the exception
of Kahoolawe, which is an uninhabited nature reserve.”
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation
and Air Quality, Assessment and Standards Division.
https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P100AU0I.PDF?Dockey=P100AU0I.PDF

2. II.
ZERO-EMISSIONS
ESTABLISHED PORT OPERATIONS
PORT OF LONG BEACH AND PORT OF LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA 2017 - A NEW BEGINNING
“WHERE NO PORT HAS GONE BEFORE”
The ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach released the draft of their
proposed 2017 Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP) Update, which outlines a
new set of near-term and long-term strategies to reduce air pollution
from all port-related sources. "These ports are going where no port has
gone before," said Gene Seroka, Port of Los Angeles Executive Director,
adding: "based on what we've already accomplished to promote healthy,
robust trade through our gateway, we're ready to make history again,
looking at a new array of technologies and strategies to further lower
port-related emissions in the decades ahead."
As Ship & Bunker reported in June, Los Angeles' mayor, Eric Garcetti, and
the mayor of Long Beach, Robert Garcia, have signed a joint declaration,
setting goals for the cities' ports to make the transition to zero emissions
within CAAP. "Working closely with all our partners has been crucial to
our success. That same collaboration went into the development of the
2017 CAAP and will be indispensable going forward," said Mario
Cordero, Executive Director for the Port of Long Beach. "Since 2006, the
Clean Air Action Plan has been a model for programs to reduce health
risks and air quality impacts from port operations worldwide. We remain
committed to being leaders in seaport sustainability."
[Emphasis Supplied]
Source: Ports of LA and Long Beach Release Draft of Clean Air Action Plan Update
Ports of LA and Long Beach Release Draft of Clean Air Action Plan Update. Ship and
Bunker. July 20, 2017 https://shipandbunker.com/news/am/736713-ports-of-la-and-long-beach-release-
draft-of-clean-air-action-plan-update

3. Zero Emission White Paper. Port of Los Angeles
https://www.portoflosangeles.org/pdf/Zero_Emmissions_White_Paper_DRAFT.pdf
In 2011, the City of Los Angeles Harbor Department (Harbor Department)
and the Port of Long Beach released a Zero Emission Technologies
Roadmap to establish an initial plan for identifying technologies to
pursue demonstrations to advance zero emission technology
development. Projects (are) aimed at developing zero emission
technology for short-haul drayage trucks and on-terminal yard tractors.
These past, current, and planned zero emission technology
demonstration projects consist of 14 on-road drayage trucks and 16 yard
tractors (6 ongoing, 16 planned, and 8 completed). By 2020, the Harbor
Department hopes to have facilitated testing and development of up to
200 additional zero emission vehicles at the Port of Los Angeles, and to
have these vehicles evaluated using a standardized testing protocol
developed in partnership with a regional stakeholder group.
II.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
KAPALAMA CONTAINER TERMINAL
WILL BE A ZERO-EMISSION CAPABLE PORT
Ships loading and/or unloading at Kapalama Container Terminal will operate
from pier-side shore power. The State design includes conduits for pier-side shore
power. The Terminal Operator, to be selected, will be responsible for laying the cable
and installing equipment for the system. The State is in discussions with Hawaiian
Electric Company to install a sub-station for Kapalama.
PASHA LEADS THE WAY
PASHA, PORT OF LOS ANGELES AND CALIFORNIA AIR
RESOURCES BOARD PARTNER ON GREEN OMNI TERMINAL
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

4. Project Awarded $14 Million for Testing Emerging Zero and Near-Zero
Emission Technologies to Bring Cleaner Air to Port-Adjacent
Communities Sooner
SAN PEDRO, Calif. – May 26, 2016 – Building on a shared commitment
to eliminate pollution from port-related operations, Pasha Stevedoring
and Terminals L.P. and the Port of Los Angeles are launching the Green
Omni Terminal Demonstration Project, a full-scale, real-time
demonstration of zero and near-zero emission technologies at a working
marine terminal.
“This is a Wright Brothers moment,” said Jeffrey Burgin, Senior Vice
President of Pasha. “We’re going to be the proving ground to change the
paradigm of how large industrial facilities can run on clean energy. We’re
confident we can show this is absolutely attainable.”
“The Port of Los Angeles is leading the world toward a sustainable future,
and today we’re raising the bar again,” said Los Angeles Mayor Eric
Garcetti. “With this partnership, we begin a new era for global shipping
where we can eliminate emissions as we power our economy ahead. I
look forward to seeing this innovative technology in action.”
At full build out, Pasha will be the world’s first marine terminal able to
generate all of its energy needs from renewable sources. The project is
funded in part by a $14.5 million grant from the California Air Resources
Board (CARB) for reducing greenhouse gases and other pollutants. As
part of the project, Pasha will integrate a fleet of new and retrofitted zero-
emission electric vehicles and cargo-handling equipment into its terminal
operations and demonstrate the latest generation of advanced technology
for capturing ship emissions from vessels unable to plug into shore power
at berth.

5. “It is exciting to see a project with so many emerging zero or near-zero
emission solutions for handling and moving freight,” said CARB Chair
Mary D. Nichols. “These innovative clean technologies will help clean the
air in port-adjacent and disadvantaged communities, and are at the heart
of California’s comprehensive effort to meet regional air quality and
statewide climate goals.”
Improving the health, quality of life, and local economy of California’s
most burdened communities is a critical element of the project. Pasha’s
terminal is adjacent to Wilmington, a community recognized by the state
as disproportionately impacted by industrial pollution.
“The Green Omni Terminal Demonstration Project is a great example of
moving forward to achieve greater emission reductions from port-related
sources and improving air quality for those who live in the
neighborhoods next to the port,” said Port of Los Angeles Executive
Director Gene Seroka.
With the goal of making the Pasha terminal a more sustainable and
resilient facility that can operate independently off the grid in the event of
a power loss, the project also features a microgrid that includes solar
generation, battery storage and an energy management system to
maximize usage. The 40-acre terminal handles general, project and heavy-
lift cargoes of all shapes and sizes, including break bulk commodities
such as steel and containerized cargo, making it the ideal laboratory for
developing zero-emission solutions for many industries. Project
implementation will start in June with the final design and construction of
the solar-powered microgrid. Components include a 1.03 megawatt
photovoltaic rooftop array, a 2.6 megawatt-hour battery storage system,
“bi-directional” charging equipment that can receive as well as supply
power, and an energy management control system.

6. The project’s developmental fleet of zero-emission cargo handling
equipment includes four electrified yard tractors, two high-tonnage
forklifts, two drayage trucks and a top handler. Additionally, two wharf
cranes will be upgraded with new electrical drives and control systems,
and the project will demonstrate ShoreCat, the next generation of the
METS-1 (Marine Exhaust Treatment System) for capturing at-berth vessel
emissions without plugging into shore power. METS-1, which was piloted
at the Port of Los Angeles, is one of only two existing ARB-approved
alternatives to shore power.
The comprehensive strategy is expected to reduce more than 3,200 tons
per year of greenhouse gases and nearly 28 tons annually of diesel
particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and other harmful emissions from
operations at the nation’s busiest container port. The clean air gains
equate to taking 14,100 cars a day off the road in the South Coast Air
Basin. In addition to integrating zero-emission vehicles and cargo
handling equipment into the full scope of terminal operations, the
project’s goals are to reduce emissions at berth from non-regulated ships,
accelerate the development of commercially viable zero and near-zero
emission equipment and solutions. The competitive grant, the first of its
kind for a multi-source facility demonstration project available through
the ARB, required matching funds of at least 25 percent. Pasha, the Port
and other partners exceeded that threshold with a 44 percent funding
match. The total cost of the project is $26.6 million. In addition to serving
as the demonstration site, Pasha has committed $11.4 million in cash and
in-kind participation.
Of the eight projects vying for nearly $24 million in state grants to reduce
greenhouse gases and pollutants from facilities with multiple emissions
sources, the Green Omni Terminal Demonstration Project captured more
than 60 percent of the total available funding. The project is part of the
California Climate Investments, which use proceeds from the state’s cap-
and-trade auctions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while providing a
variety of additional benefits to California communities.

7. A hallmark of the project is collaboration with green-tech original
equipment manufacturers and technical experts from the private sector,
academia and regulatory agencies. With Pasha and the Port of Los
Angeles at the helm, the project’s partners are the engineering firm of
Burns & McDonnell; original equipment green-tech manufacturers BYD,
Clean Air Engineering Maritime, PermaCity and TransPower; the
Coalition for Clean Air acting as the project’s community advisor; and
technical experts from the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power,
the South Coast Air Quality Management District, the UCLA Luskin
Center for Innovation, and the University of California, Riverside’s
College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and
Technology.
Labor is also a crucial partner. From the get-go, the project incorporates
training of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union workers
who will operate and repair the equipment.
Project plans call for phasing in the new infrastructure and technology by
the end of 2016, with zero and near-zero emission equipment subject to
the same rigorous duty cycles of conventional cargo handling equipment.
Data collection and analysis to track energy efficiency improvements and
cost savings will take place over the subsequent two years. The genesis
for the project was the Port and Pasha’s commitment to ensuring Southern
California could supply energy and basic goods to the community and
serve as a base of operations for the military in the event of a natural or
mandate disaster, while simultaneously meeting these critical
infrastructure needs with renewably powered zero emission technologies.
The commercial component followed.
“This is something we’ve put a lot of time and energy into for all the right
reasons,” said Burgin, adding the project is the first phase of more
innovation ahead for Pasha.

8. “This is scratching the surface of where this industry is going to go, and
we’re already planning the next phases to get us there.” The Port of Los
Angeles is America’s premier port and has a strong commitment to
developing innovatively strategic and sustainable operations that benefit
Southern California’s economy and quality of life. North America’s
leading seaport by container volume and cargo value, the Port of Los
Angeles facilitated $270 billion in trade during 2015. Port operations and
commerce facilitate more than 133,000 jobs (about one in 14) in the City of
Los Angeles and 479,000 jobs (or one in 18) in the five-county Southern
California region.
The San Pedro Bay Ports support nearly 1 million California jobs and 2.8
million nationwide.
Source: Port of Los Angeles. Accessed August 21, 2017
https://portoflosangeles.org/newsroom/2016_releases/news_052616_green_omni.asp
KAPALAMA CONTAINER TERMINAL
Container Terminal and Yard
Award Under Protest, Decision from Hearing Officer expected
8/19/2017
Lowest Bid – Kiewtt Construction : $163,521,093.00
Second Low Bid – NAN Construction : $169,948,740.60
Container Terminal – Wharf – Land Side
Anticipated date for release of Request for Proposals (RFP) – January
2018
Projected Cost : $200,000,000.00 to $250,000,000.00
Container Terminal – Wharf – Ocean Side
Dredging Permit from Corps of Engineers Required
Projected Time Frame : 6 to 12 months
Anticipated date for release Request for Proposals (RFP) – January
2018
Projected Cost : $185,000,000

9. COMPARE
Pasha Stevedoring and Terminals L.P. and the Port of Los Angeles Green
Omni Terminal, a full-scale working marine terminal with zero and near-zero
emission technologies, total project cost $26.6 million.
Kapalama Container Terminal, equipped shore-side power so ships need not
run engines/generators after docking, projected cost $450,000,000.001
1 Michael Hansen. Is the Hawaii wharfage increase needed. The Grassroots Institute. November 23,
2016. <http://new.grassrootinstitute.org?2016/11/is-the-hawaii-wharfage-increase-needed/>