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1. CYCLONE FRAN
BY,
BIJOSH.B
ANS20086
GROUP-2
3045A

2. OVERVIEW
• Severe Tropical Cyclone Fran was the third tropical cyclone within four weeks to impact Vanuatu
in 1992. Fran formed on March 4 and then gradually intensified. Winds reached gale-force on
March 5, and hurricane-force a few days later. Cyclone Fran reached the powerful Category 5
equivalent on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale near Vanuatu. The storm weakened somewhat
due to land interaction, but briefly re-intensified after moving away from land. Fran gradually
weakened over the next several days over less favorable conditions. Meanwhile, the storm passed
north of New Caledonia. Eventually, as a Category 2 system on the Australian scale, Fran made
landfall on Queensland during March 16. Severe Tropical Cyclone Fran turned towards the
southeast and eventually headed back out to sea. The system dissipated the next day. On Efate,
over 130 houses lost roofs. Along Queensland, two rivers sustained major flooding, but no deaths
were attributed to this cyclone. Total damage from the system was AU$8–10 million (1992 AUD).
Moderate damage was also reported in Fiji. In New Caledonia, the storm brought flooding and
landslides.

3. • Formed March 4, 1992
• Dissipated March 17, 1992
• Highest winds 10-minute sustained: 205 km/h (125
mph)
• 1-minute sustained: 260 km/h (160 mph)
• Lowest pressure 920 hPa (mbar); 27.17 inHg
• Fatalities 5 direct
• Damage $9.4 million (1992 USD)
• Areas affected Wallis and Futuna, Fiji, Vanuatu, New
Caledonia, Queensland, Norfolk Island, New Zealand
• Part of the 1991–92 South Pacific and the Australian
region cyclone seasons
Cyclone Fran on March 9, 1992

4. METEOROLOGICAL HISTORY
• During March 4, as Severe Tropical Cyclone Esau was passing over New Caledonia, an area of
convergence was approaching the French island of Wallis. As the system moved south-westwards
towards Wallis, a circulation developed within this area of convergence and the Fiji Meteorological
Service started to monitor it as a shallow tropical depression. Over the next day, the system slowly
developed and organized further as it was steered south-southwestwards, in between the islands of
Wallis and Futuna by a strong mid-level ridge of high pressure.At 18:00 UTC on March 5, the FMS
named it Fran, after it had developed gale-force winds and become a Category 1 tropical cyclone on
the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale. During the next day, the Naval Pacific Meteorology
and Oceanography Center initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone
25P.[5] However, during March 7, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) took
over the issuance of advisories on Fran from the NPMOC, as it had crossed the 180th meridian into
its area of responsibility.

5. • Continuing to intensify, Fran was classified as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone by the FMS
during March 7, as it passed around 400 km (250 mi) to the north of Suva, Fiji. As the system
continued to intensify and move south-southwestwards, it posed a serious threat to the central
islands of Vanuatu, including Efate, Tanna, Aneityum, Futuna and Erromango. During March 8,
the FMS reported that the system had peaked with 10-minute sustained windspeeds of winds of
205 km/h (125 mph), which made it a Category 5 Severe Tropical Cyclone on the Australian Scale.
During that day, the JTWC reported that the system had peaked with 1-minute sustained
windspeeds of 260 km/h (160 mph), which made it equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the
Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.After peaking in intensity, Fran continued to move south-
southwestwards and passed in between the islands of Efate and Erromango during March 9.The
system emerged into the Coral Sea later that day and threatened New Caledonia, as it started to
gradually weaken as a result of an increase in vertical windshear. The system passed to the north
of New Caledonia as a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone at around 0000 UTC on March 10, before
it passed in between the Loyalty Islands of Belep and Surprise. Fran also moved across 160°E and
into the Australian region as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone during March 11, where the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) started to issue warnings on the system

6. RELATED IMAGES

7. EFFECTS OF CYCLONE
• The effects of Severe Tropical Cyclone Fran were felt over a large area of the Southern Pacific, as it
impacted the island nations of Wallis and Futuna, Fiji, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Queensland.
Overall it was responsible for five deaths and the name Fran was later retired from the South
Pacific lists of tropical cyclone names.
• Tropical Cyclone Fran impacted the islands of Wallis and Futuna between March 5 – 8, where
damage to roofs, trees, telephones and power lines was reported.Rainfall totals of 556.7 mm (21.92
in) and 525.0 mm (20.67 in) were recorded in Hihifo and Mont Holo during March 5, while a wind
gust of 112 km/h (70 mph) was recorded in Hihifo during March 6. The system subsequently went
on to pass to the north of Fiji during March 7, where no formal assessments of the damage took
place. However, it was estimated by the Fiji National Disaster Management Office, that Fran had
caused a minor-moderate amount of damage

8. THANK YOU
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