industrial relations, collective bargaining, company, cross-sector, industrial relations, multi-level governance, sector

1. The European system of
industrial relations:
multi-level
deliberative governance
Christian Welz
European Foundation _ Dublin

2. The European system of IR
Intersectoral
social dialogue
Sectoral social
dialogue
EWCs
IFAs_EFAs
SEs
Cross
industry
Sector
al
Company
national social dialogue

3. Intersectoral social dialogue
actors: BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP, ETUC, Eurocadres/CEC
processes: art. 138 and 139 EC
outcomes: agreements
a) parental leave, part-time work, fixed-term work
> transposed by directive
b) telework, stress at work, violence and harassment
> autonomous agreements transposed by social partners

4. Votre présentation
Sectoral social dialogue
actors: 12 European Industry Federations
53 Employers organisations
36 Sectoral Social Dialogue Committees
processes: art. 138 and 139 EC
outcomes: more than 300 texts
6 agreements
e.g. working time in the civil aviation (directive 2000/79/EC,
27.11. 2000, OJ L 302, 01.12.2000:37)

5. 36 Sectoral Social Dialogue
Committees
- Agriculture
- Audiovisual
- Banking
- Catering
- Chemical
industry
-Civil aviation
(2000)
- Cleaning
Industry
- Commerce
-Construction
-Electricity
- Extractive
-Industry
-Football
- Footwear
- Furniture
- Gas
- Horeca
- Hospitals
- Inland Waterways
- Insurance
- Local and regional
Government
- Personal services
- Postal services
- Private security
- Railways
- Road transport
- Sea fisheries
- Sea Transport
- Shipbuilding
- Steel
- Sugar
- Tanning and leather
- Telecommunications
- Temporary agency work
- Textile and clothing
- Woodworking
pending :
- automotive industry
- non-ferrous metals

6. Votre présentation
Sectoral social dialogue – civil aviation
Trade unions
- ETF (European Transport Workers' Federation)
- ECA (European Cockpit Association)
Employers
- AEA (Association of European Airlines)
- CANSO (Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation)
- ERA (European Regions Airlines Association)
- ACI (Airports Council International)
- IACA (International Air Carrier Association)
Outcomes
- e.g. Joint CANSO-ETF statement for the second Single European Sky
package 28/02/2008

7. Votre présentation
Social dialogue at company level

8. European Works Councils (2008)

9. Votre présentation
International and European Framework
Agreements
actors: MNC, GUFs > IFAs
MNC, EIF and or EWCs > EFAs
process: no legal framework at EU or international level
outcomes: 72 IFAs
73 EFAs

10. International Framework Agreements in
10/08
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
CA
AU
NZ
ZA
RU
CZ
PT
BE
DK
NO
LU
IT
ES
SE
NL
FR
DE
Eurofound 2008

11. European Framework Agreements in 10/08
Eurofound 2008
73 EFAs
• - 52 co-signed by an EWC
• - 42 signed by an EWC only
• - 10 co-signed with EIF
• - 3 co-signed with national TU
• - leader: France
• - with 38 EFAs in 14 companies
- Suez (5), Air France/KLM (4), Vivendi (3),
Total (3)

12. Content of EFAs
0 5 10 15 20 25
CSR
Training
Equal opportunities
Sub-contracting
Financial participation
Fundamental rights
Other
Data protection
HRM+ Social Management
H&S
Social dialogue
Restructuring

13. Company
Country
(Head-
quarters)
Sector Employees Themes
Signatory parties
on the employee
side
Date
Air France /
KLM
France Transport 102.500
HRM: Mobility N.A. 2000
HRM: Sales and
marketing staff
N.A. 2000
Financial
participation
(interessement)
18 French unions 2005
Financial
participation
(participation)
18 French unions 2005
Training EWC 2007
Allianz Germany
Finance,
insurance
173.000
Fundamental
rights
SNB (SE), UNI
Finance Europa
2006
Arcelor
(Usinor)
France Steel Industry 320.000 H&S EWC 2002
Arcelor Luxembourg Steel Industry 320.000 H&S EWC 2004
Areva France Metal, energy 58.000
Equal
opportunities
EMF 2006
Axa France
Finance,
Insurance
112.000
Social dialogue
and Restructuring
UNI (mandated by
18 unions of 8
countries), 5
French unions
2005
Bouygues France
Utilities,
construction &
telecom
122.000 CSR
EWC, French WC,
ETUC, CEC
2001
Daimler
Chrysler
Germany
Automotive
industry
372.000 Social dialogue
EWC (also on
behalf of EMF)
2006

14. Level linkages
Intersectoral
social dialogue
Sectoral social
dialogue
EWCs
IFAs_EFAs
SEs
Cross
industry
Sector
al
Company
national social dialogue

15. Votre présentation
growing interaction between:
a) intersectoral and sectoral dialogue in both directions
- telework sectoral > intersect.
- violence & harassment intersect. > sectoral
- towards soft law outcomes
a) between the sectors
- crystalline sillica (15 sect. EMP and 2 EIF)
- best value codes (textiles, cleaning, private security, catering)
Level linkages at EU level

16. Votre présentation
Level linkages at EU level
c) sectoral and company level
- EIF = important actors at both levels
- similar topics in European sectoral dialogue and EFAs
~ social dialogue, health and safety
- crystalline sillica > more multi-sectoral agreements ?
d) company > company
- EWC agreements important mutual learning exercise > EFAs

17. Votre présentation
Level linkages: EU > national level
a) intersectoral and national level
- soft versus hard law implementation
- autonomy vs. heteronomy

18. Level linkages: EU > national level
b) EU sectoral and national sectoral level
- multi-actor and -level diversity
- coordination with national members
~ heterogeneity of perimeters
~ heterogeneity of roles
 defining a common interest not only represents a difficulty
between TU and EMP, but
also involves much intra-organisational negotiation

19. Votre présentation
c) company level and (trans)national impacts
Level linkages: EU > national level

20. 9%
31%
46%
14%
resp. of entire supply
chain
no mention of
suppliers/subcontr.
inform suppliers
resp. of suppliers
Inclusion of suppliers &
subcontractors in the application of IFAs

21. Votre présentation
Conclusions
a) social dialogue at intersectoral and sectoral level
 cornerstone of the EU system of industrial relationscornerstone of the EU system of industrial relations
 established actors at intersectoral level
 ‘moving’ actors at sectoral level
 solid legal framework (art. 138/139 EC)
 multi-level and multi-actor politity
 deliberative, mutual learning processes
 shift towards soft law outcomes
 growing synergies and level linkages at EU level
 certain linkage gaps between EU and national level

22. Votre présentation
Conclusions
b) transnational dialogue at company level
 stable actors on EMP side,
variable on TU side (GUF, EIF, EWC, nat.TU, nat. WC)
 no legal framework at international or EU level
 limited impact on suppliers and subsidiaries
 limited impact beyond Europe
 IFAs/EFAs reflect traditions of European IR
 concentrated in social market economies with collective
interest representation

23. Votre présentation
Further information
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu
christian.welz@eurofound.europa.eu