The Three Ethical PerspectivesCourtney Vasques 462017 10.docx

The Three Ethical Perspectives
Courtney Vasques
4/6/2017 10:59:42 AM
Identify the basic themes, topics, and concepts that make up the
discipline of ethics. Explain the themes or ideas that unite the
different ethical theories.
The basic themes, topics, and concepts that make up the
discipline of ethics are morality and virtue. Morality is “a
particular system of values and principles of conduct, especially
one held by a specified person or society” (Merriam-Webster).
Virtue is a behavior showing high moral standards. A virtuous
person will have the golden mean. The golden mean is “The
middle, or mean, between two extremes” (Mosser, 2013). It is a
choice in any ethical dilemma that every person needs to chose
what is morally right from morally wrong. Every moral dilemma
has a standard of value, which starts the process of evaluation.
A themes or idea that unites the different ethical theories is
relativism.
Limiting smoking in public places, such as public buildings,
restaurants, or city parks
“Public health officials have long argued the bans are meant to
eliminate dangers from secondhand, or “sidestream smoke,”
reduce the environmental impact of cigarette butts and to keep
young, impressionable children from picking up on bad habits”
(Clune, 2013). Health is the number one reason why smoking
has been banned in public places. The utilitarianism premise of
promoting the greatest good for greatest amount of people goes
hand in hand with the smoking ban in public areas. Tobacco use
in public affects everybody's health that is in the area which

goes completely against the greater good and utilitarianism.
Clune, S. (2013, July 08). The Real Reason Behind Public
Smoking Bans. Retrieved April 06, 2017, from
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/the-real-reasons-behind-
public-smoking-bans/
Morality [Def. 2]. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster Online, Retrieved
April 6, 2017, from http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/morality.
Mosser, K. (2013). Ethics and Social Responsibility. (2nd). San
Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc
ETHICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION:
CHAPTERS SEVEN AND EIGHT
CHAPTER SEVEN:
access to key people for personal gain
and programs
away from their mandated objectives
reflects faulty design and is conducive to
unethical conduct.

CONFLICTS AMONG INTERNAL
AND EXTERNAL CONTROLS
t.
e things were wrong with the Natural
Death Act itself?
COMPONENTS OF
RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT

amples
COMPONENTS OF
RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT
INDIVIDUAL ATTRIBUTES
s of procedures
AMERICAN REGIME VALUES
–3 main values (p.171)

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
ty is enhanced
through clear accountability
enhanced at every level through the
constitutional nature of the
organization.
toward achieving goals.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
l set of myths, rituals, values and
norms that exist alongside the formal
structure
leaders desiring to build an ethical
organization
trained
y be clear

MEASURING ETHICAL
CULTURE
ethics: on personal conscience, an individual's sense of
responsibility, and personal integrity.
involves seeing oneself as responsible for the common
welfare, as willing to do what is required to carry out
good deeds, and as feeling an obligation to do good.
speaks of respect for rules, compliance with regulations,
and clarity of ethical principles.
VALUE SCIENCE
S. Hartman

SOCIETAL EXPECTATIONS
structured
producing
and assists in clarifying laws
n administrators
and link administrator with executive, judicial,
legislative offices.
KEY RELATIONSHIPS

ional culture must include norms that
encourage support of law and engagement with
the public
COMPONENTS OF
RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT
CHAPTER 8: SAFEGUARDING
ETHICAL AUTONOMY
Law
—public good above loyalty to
party, person or organization

DEALING WITH UNETHICAL
SUPERIORS AND
ORGANIZATIONS
our perspectives
—DOD cost overruns led to
ostracization
—upgrading meat, understaffed to
retaliate
—Pentagon Papers, retaliation but
ultimate exoneration
CONSEQUENCES
retaliation
issue
lenger space launch

WHISTLEBLOWERS AND
ORGANIZATIONS
ely
now, possibly because many health and safety
issues emerge
-
solving channels
PRESSURES DISCOURAGING
BRINGING ISSUES TO LIGHT
—how to exact
compliance

e person,
party, or government entity
-directed and
systemic or organizational.
CAUSES OF TEAM ETHIC
appearances--“Impression management”
ms
-tattling Conditioning

AGENTIC SHIFT
—obedience to
hierarchy
—Eichmann “following orders”
organization
superiors
ORGANIZATIONAL REMEDIES
– 1978
encouraging and protecting whistleblowers.
standards
Regular communication of expectations to
employees

rather than assumed motivations
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY
re ultimately responsible for their actions
public good displaced by private interests, commitment
to responsible conduct combats corruption, along with
public push for accountability
negative consequences, would do it over again
PRESSURES AGAINST
ETHICAL AUTONOMY
—”Market dominated social reality”

-economic model of society--enclaves
as organizational/bureaucratic
(1977) Freedom Inside the Organization
assembly; due process; privacy; freedom of conscience
compliance
COMPONENTS OF ETHICAL
AUTONOMY
Delimitation of Loyalty
community relationships outside the organization
-Awareness

SELF AWARENESS
—self-esteem, role awareness, self-
direction
-conscious aspects of our
behavior
-focused need satisfaction
approval or rules.
gitimate in its enactment?
Cooper, Terry L.. The Responsible Administrator : An
Approach to Ethics for the Administrative Role (6). Hoboken,
US: Jossey-Bass, 2012. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 9 April 2017.
Copyright © 2012. Jossey-Bass. All rights reserved.

PPA 568: Quiz Chapter 8
1
NAME:
1. What are three components of individual autonomy? Why are
all three essential? (page 231)
ANSWER:
2. How are Fitzgerald, Coplin, and Ellsberg similar?
ANSWER:
What does “ambiguity of effectiveness” mean?
ANSWER:
3. Why is ambiguity of effectiveness an important consideration
in motivating one to report abusive administrators?
ANSWER:
4. What are three possible negative consequences of whistle-
blowing?
ANSWER:
5. Do these create regret in most whistleblowers that they did
speak out?
ANSWER:
6. What is the significance of Boisjoly in the Challenger space
scandal?
ANSWER:
7. Enhancing moral development results in several benefits,
including these. What is an example of each of these?
a. Alternatives to whistle-blowing
ANSWER:

b. Trusted dissent channels Comment by KT Connor:
ANSWER:
c. Collaborative communication and problem-solving channels
ANSWER:
8. Give 3 main pressures which discourage bringing issues to
light.
ANSWER:
9. What does “autonomy” mean?
ANSWER:
10. What does Agentic Shift mean?
ANSWER:
11. Why is it important in maintaining autonomy.
ANSWER:
12. Why is self awareness so important to ethical autonomy?
ANSWER:
13. Why is role evaluation so important?
ANSWER:
14. What are the three questions you ask in role evaluation?
ANSWER:
15. How does Chapter 3 of Freedom to Live relate to Chapter 8?
ANSWER:
Ethical Perspective
Knutsford Thompson
4/4/2017 6:38:52 PM
1. Define and contrast the three ethical perspectives
· Relativism: is the idea that one's beliefs and values are
understood in terms of one's society, culture, or even one's own

individual values. You may disagree with someone and believe
your view is superior, relative to you as an individual; more
often, relativism is described in terms of the values of the
community in which one lives.
· Emotivism: is a noncognitive theory of ethics because it
denies, among other things, that moral claims can appeal to
"facts." Rather, emotivism, as the name indicates, simply says
that moral claims express an emotional response, or an attitude,
we may have toward a given kind of behavior.
· Ethical egoism: The literal meaning of "ego" comes from the
Greek word for "self," or "I," and that notion is at the center of
egoism: I do what I want to do in order to increase my own
happiness, my own pleasure. Simply put, I know what I want,
and something is good, or right, if it helps me to obtain that
desire (and bad, or wrong, if it interferes with my doing so). If
doing something promotes my own happiness or helps me reach
my desired goals, I should do it.
2. How do the perspectives differ from the ethical theories?
Ethical egoism is very distinct that all of the Ethical Theories,
this one seem to defies them all. Instead of acting for the
greater good, or building a good character egoism is all about it
self. As seem in last weeks discussion these ethical perspective
are all base on the individual and how the propose claims effect
his beliefs, what will he gain, and how can he gain them with
little to no actions. As with the Ethical Theories they are more
base on how we can promote a better society.
3. What does each ethical perspective tell us about morality and
virtue?
- Morality: Principles concerning the distinction between right
and wrong or good and bad behavior (google search, 2017)
- Virtue: a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and
thus is valued as a foundation of principles and good moral
being. (google search, 2017)
After understanding the meaning of morality and virtue we can
fully understand that these Ethical perspectives are not in line
with those values stated in the definitions. The only Ethical

perspective that could be inline with morality and virtue is the
Relativism perspective, only because it's based of that
individuals culture or society.
discussion 2
Reketer Barber
4/3/2017 3:02:24 PM
Utilitarianism is a natural way to see whether an act is the right
(or wrong thing to do) is to look at its results, or consequences.
Utilitarianism argues that given a set of choices the act we
should chose is that which produces the best results for the
greatest number affected by that choice. (Mosser 2013)
Deontology- Coming from the Greek Deon, which means
“duty”, deontology 9somtimes referred to as duty ethics)
focuses on what we are obligated to do as rational moral agents.
(Mosser,2013)
As being a correction officer I have been in a lot of situation
with one of the three classical Ethical Theories. Just this past
weekend doing visitation our computers when down at work.
We using these computers to submit people in to see there
family members (inmates) that’s lock up, I knew that she
wanted to see her son bad so I took it upon myself to go out my
way so that she could see her son after getting confirmation
from my supervisor. What I chose to do was good because I
could have told her that she couldn’t visit her son today try
back another day.

Ashford 3: - Week 2 - Discussion 2
Lori Smith
4/7/2017 11:40:18 PM
The Three Ethical Perspectives
Identify the basic themes, topics, and concepts that make up the
discipline of ethics. Explain the themes or ideas that unite the
different ethical theories.
Describe how you might apply one of the ethical theories or
perspectives we have discussed in this class to one of the
following social issues
The basic themes, topics, and concepts that make up the
discipline of ethics are philosophical ethics, ethical theory,
moral theory, and moral philosophy relativism, emotivism, and
ethical egoism. Relativism are the themes or ideas that unite the
different ethical theories. Moral relativism may be any of
several philosophical positions concerned with the differences
in moral judgments across different people and cultures.
Utilitarianismevaluates the morality of an act in terms of its
consequences.
Deontology theories focus on duty, and the rules one is required
to follow to be moral.
Virtue Ethics emphasizes the moral character—the virtue—of
the agent in evaluating its morality.
Limiting smoking in public places, such as public buildings,
restaurants, or city parks.
The research that I found, showed that the tobacco industry uses
a method that recruits restaurants to help them by fighting

against smoke-free environments (Glantz, 1987). The
Accommodation Program served as a link between Phillip
Morris (PM) tried to claim that their finances would suffer if
the smoking bans continued by Billons. Even thought there is
proof that smoking and second hand smoke caused cancer and
child defects in embryos, bronchitis and asthma in young
children. The tobacco industry and PM has tried to fight smoke-
free proposal and tried to develop their on hospitality
organization to meet its legislative and strategic needs (Glantz,
1987).
The industry knows that this is wrong and their willingness not
to care about the people that are affected by smoking and
second hand smoke, they have no moral character or virtue, they
are found lying and hiding the facts on the issues of clean air
and mostly interested in their financial aspect of this issue of
public safety.
References
Stanton A. Glantz, PH.D.Achieving a smoke-free society.
Cirulation 1987;76:746-52 circ.ahajournals.org
Mosser, K. (2013). Ethics and social responsibility(2nd ed.)
[Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

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