1. A PAPER PRESENTATION ON
Wireless Transmission of Electricity –
Development and Possibility
BY
T.MANIKEERTHI A.SREECHAITANYA
mani_keerthi@yahoo.com chaitanya.ankireddy@gmail.com
2ND ECE 2ND ECE

2. Wireless Transmission of Electricity –
Development and Possibility
Abstract:
In the present paper the various
technologies available so far for
wireless transmission of electricity
and the need for a Wireless Systemof
Energy Transmission is being
discussed to find its possibility in
actual practices, their advantages,
disadvantages and economical
consideration. This paper is mainly
concentrated on : i) The mostpopular
concept known as Tesla Theory, ii)
The microwavepower
transmission(MPT) called Solar power
satellite, and iii) The highly
efficientfibre lasers for wireless
power transmission. Many concepts,
research papers, patents are
available on wireless transmission of
electricity but the commercial
technologies are yet to be
materialized. The paper also
discusses thepossibleways to get
usefuland practical results out of all
research carried out so far elsewhere.
Microwaveoven magnetron with
electronics to control the output
power. The output microwavepower
ranges from50 W to 200 W at 2.45
GHz. A coaxial cable connects the
output of the microwavesourceto a
coax-to-waveguideadapter. This
adapter is connected to a waveguide
ferrite circulator which protects the
microwavesourcefromreflected
power. The circulator is connected to
a tuning waveguidesection to match
the waveguideimpedance to the
antenna input impedance. The

3. slotted waveguide antenna consists
of 8 waveguide sections with 8 slots
on each section. These 64 slots
radiate the power uniformly through
free spaceto the rectenna. The
slotted waveguide antenna is ideal
for power transmission becauseof its
high aperture efficiency Key words–
Wireless transmission, Tesla theory,
Microwavepower transmission, Fiber
lasers, Collaborativeresearch.

4. I. INTRODUCTION
In our presentelectricitygenerationsystemwe
waste more than half of itsresources.Especially
the transmission anddistributionlossesare the
mainconcernof the present
Powertechnology.Much of thispoweris
wastedduringtransmissionfrompowerplant
generatorstothe consumer. The resistance of
the wire usedinthe electrical grid distribution
systemcausesa lossof 26-30% of the energy
generated.Thislossimpliesthatourpresent
systemof electrical distributionisonly70-74%
efficient.We have tothinkof alternate state -
of - art technologytotransmitand distribute
the electricity.Now-a- daysglobal scenariohas
beenchangeda lotand there are tremendous
developmentin everyfield.If we don’tkeep
pace withthe developmentof newpower
technologywe have toface a decreasingtrend
inthe developmentof powersector.The
transmissionof powerwithoutwiresmaybe
one noble alternativeforelectricity
transmission.
II. THETECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE
In thisremarkable discoveryof the "True
Wireless"and the principlesuponwhich
transmissionandreception,evenin the present
day systems,are based,Dr.NikolaTeslashows
us that he isindeedthe "Fatherof the
Wireless."The most well-knownandfamous
Wardenclyffe Tower(TeslaTower) was
designedandconstructedmainlyforwireless
transmissionof electrical power,ratherthan
telegraphy.The mostpopular
conceptknownisTeslaTheoryinwhichit was
firmly believedthatWardenclyffe (Fig.1) would
permitwireless transmissionandreception
across large distanceswith negligiblelosses.In
spite of thishe had made numerous
experimentsof highqualitytovalidate hisclaim
of possibility of wirelesstransmissionof
electricity(Fig.2).Butthiswasan unfortunate
incidence thatpeople of thatcenturywasnotin
a positiontorecognize hissplendidwork
otherwise todaywe maytransmitelectricity
wirelesslyandwillconvertour mothereartha
wonderful adobe full of electricity. Fig.1.The
187-foot Wardenclyffe Tower(TeslaTower) in
1903. Thiswas to be the firstbroadcasting
systeminthe world.Tesla wantedtotransmit
electricityfromthisTowertothe whole globe
withoutwiresusingthe Ionosphere.The source
of the transmitted electricitywastobe the
NiagaraFalls powerplant.

5. Fig 1
The modernideasare dominatedbymicrowave
powertransmission(MPT,Figure 3) calledSolar
powersatelliteto
be builtinhighearth orbitto collectsunlight
and convertthat energyintomicrowaves,then
beamedtoa verylarge antenna
on earth,the microwaveswouldbe converted
intoconventional electrical power. Fig.2.The
basisfor Tesla’ssystemforthe wireless
transmissionof electrical
power.
Fig 2
WilliamC.Brown,the leadingauthorityon
wireless powertransmissiontechnology,has
loanedthis demonstration unittothe Texas
Space Grant Consortiumtoshow how power
can be transferredthroughfree space by
microwaves.A block diagramof the
demonstrationcomponentsisshownbelow.
The primarycomponentsinclude amicrowave
source,a transmittingantenna,andareceiving
rectenna. The microwave source consistsof a
mi%) andhigh powerhandlingcapability.A
rectifyingantennacalledarectennareceives

6. the transmittedpowerandconvertsthe
microwave powertodirect current(DC) power.
Thisdemonstrationrectennaconsistsof 6 rows
of dipolesantennaswhere8dipolesbelongto
each row. Each row isconnectedto a rectifying
circuitwhichconsistsof lowpassfiltersanda
rectifier.The rectifierisaGa As Schottkybarrier
diode thatisimpedance matchedtothe dipoles
by a lowpassfilter.The 6 rectifyingdiodesare
connectedtolightbulbsforindicatingthatthe
poweris received.The lightbulbsalso
dissipatedthe receivedpower. Thisrectenna
has a 25% collectionandconversionefficiency,
but rectennashave beentestedwithgreater
than 90% efficiencyat2.45 GHz. The
transmissionof powerwithoutwiresisnota
theory or a mere possibility,itisnowa reality.
The electrical energy canbe economically
transmittedwithoutwirestoany terrestrial
distance,manyresearchershave establishedin
numerous observations,experimentsand
measurements, qualitative andquantitative .
These have demonstrated thatitispracticable
to distribute powerfroma central plantin
unlimitedamounts,withalossnotexceedinga
small fraction of one percent, inthe
transmission,eventothe greatest distance,
twelve thousandmiles - tothe opposite endof
the globe.Thisseeminglyimpossible featcan
nowbe readily performedbyelectrical
researchersfamiliarwiththe design and
constructionof my "high-potential magnifying
transmitter,"There were three populartheories
presentinthe literature of the late 1800's and
early1900's. Theywere:
1. Transmissionthroughoralongthe Earth,
2. Propagationas a resultof terrestrial
resonances,
3. Couplingtothe ionosphere usingpropagation
through
electrifiedgases(Fig.4&5).
Fig.4.Diagram showingthe transmitting&
receivingcircuitForthe transmission&
receptionof electricpowerbywireless .

7. Fig.5.Two optical formsof wirelessantennae
formedof searchlightbeam- ionised
atmosphericstreams .
It has beenproventhatelectrical energycanbe
propagatedaroundthe worldbetweenthe
surface of the Earth and the ionosphere at
extreme lowfrequenciesinwhatis knownas
the SchumannCavity.Knowingthata resonant
cavitycan be excitedandthat powercan be
deliveredtothatcavitysimilartothe methods
usedinmicrowave ovensfor home use,it
shouldbe possible toresonate anddeliver
powerviathe SchumannCavityto anypointon
Earth. Thiswill resultinpractical wireless
transmissionof electrical power. The intentof
the experimentsandthe laboratoryTesla had
constructedwasto prove that wireless
transmissionof
electrical powerwaspossible. AlthoughTesla
was notable to commerciallymarketasystem
to transmitpoweraroundthe
Globe,modernscientifictheoryand
mathematical calculations supporthis
contentionthatthe wirelesspropagationof
electrical powerispossible andafeasible
alternative tothe extensiveandcostlygridof
electrical transmissionlinesused
todayfor electrical powerdistribution. Power
transmissionsystemusingdirectional
ultrasound forpowertransmissionincludesa
transmittingdevice andareceivingdevice. The
transmittingdevice hasasetof ultrasound
transducersforminganultrasoundtransducer
array, whereinthe arrayisa set of spaced
individual
transducersplacedinthe X-Yplane disposedto
generate an ultrasoundbeaminthe Z direction
. Anotherpossibilityistouse highlyefficient
fibre lasers forwirelesspowertransmission
where the possibilitiesare similarto
microwavesconceptbutlasersemitenergyat
frequenciesmuchhigherthatmicrowaves. For
several years NASA,ENTECH,andUAH have
beenworkingonvariousaspectsof collectionof
the laserradiation andconversiontoelectrical
powerforlaserwirelesspower transmission.
III. MERITS, DEMERITS &
ECONOMICS OF WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGIES
3.1. Merits
An electrical distributionsystem, basedonthis
methodwouldeliminatethe needforan
inefficient,costly,andcapital intensive gridof
cables,towers,andsubstations.The system
wouldreduce the costof electrical energyused

8. by the consumerandrid the landscape of wires,
cables,and transmissiontowers. There are
areas of the worldwhere the needforelectrical
powerexists,yetthere is nomethodfor
deliveringpower. Africaisinneedof powerto
run pumpsto tap intothe vast resourcesof
waterunderthe Sahara Desert.Rural areas,
such as those inChina,require the electrical
powernecessaryto
bringthemintothe 20th centuryand to equal
standingwith westernnations.The wireless
transmissionwill solvemanyof
these problems The electrical energycanbe
economicallytransmittedwithoutwirestoany
terrestrial distance,sothere will be no
transmissionanddistributionloss. More
efficientenergydistributionsystemsand
sourcesare neededbybothdeveloped and
underdevelopednations.In regardstothe new
systems,the market forwirelesspower
transmissionisenormous.Ithasthe potential
to become a multi-billiondollarperyear
market. The increasingdemandforelectrical
energyinindustrial nationsiswell documented.
If we include the demand of thirdworld
nations,pushedbytheirincreasingrate of
growth,we
couldexpectaneven Fasterrise inthe demand
for electrical powerinthe near
future.These systemscanonlymeetthese
requirementswith 90–94 %efficient
transmission.
High Transmission Integrity and Low Loss:- To
transmitwirelesspowertoanydistance without
limit.Itmakesno difference whatthe distance
is.The efficiencyof the transmissioncanbe as
highas 96 or 97 percent,and there are
practicallynolosses.
3.2. Demerits
Biological Impact:- One common criticismof
the Teslawirelesspowersystemisregardingits
possible biological effects.Calculatingthe
circulatingreactive power,itwas foundthatthe
frequencyisverysmall andsucha frequencyis
verybiologicallycompatible .
3.3.Economic Impact
The concept lookstobe costlyinitially.The
investmentcostof TeslaTowerwas $150,000
(1905). Interms of economictheory,many
countrieswill benefitfromthis service.Only
private,dispersedreceivingstationswill be
needed.Justliketelevisionandradio,asingle
resonantenergy receiverisrequired,whichmay
eventuallybe builtinto appliances,sonopower
cord will be necessary!Monthly electricutility
billsfromold-fashioned,fossil-fuelled,
lossprone electrifiedwire-griddeliveryservices

9. will be optional, muchlike“cable TV”of today.
In the 21st century,“Direct TV” isthe rage,
whichisan exactparallel of Tesla’s “Direct
Electricity.”
IV. ADDITIONAL REMARKS
Many concepts,researchpapers,patentsare
available on wirelesstransmissionof electricity
but mostresearchwork were carriedout in
isolation,soitneedsajointcollaborative efforts
to geta veryuseful resultsonthisadvanced
technology onpowertransmissionforthe
benefitof mankindgloballyin future.Whatever
the future maybring,the universal application
of these greatprinciplesisfullyassured,though
it maybe longincoming.Withthe openingof
the firstpower
plant,incredulitywillgive waytowonderment,
and thisto ingratitude,aseverbefore. The
worldisstill notable to
achieve the benefitof the Godgiftedpotential
of Dr N.Tesla.People neglectedhimand his
goodwork.He deservedmuchbettertreatment
fromthe tycoonsof hisage, thanto spendthe
last40 yearsof hislife in
abjectpoverty.However,he wastoomuchof a
gentlemanto holdagrudge.Instead,regarding
the magnifyingtransmitter,
Teslawrote inhisautobiography,“Iam
unwillingtoaccord to some small-mindedand
jealousindividualsthe satisfactionof
havingthwartedmyefforts.These menare to
me nothingmore than microbesof a nasty
disease.Myprojectwas retardedbylawsof
nature.The worldwas notpreparedforit.
It was toofar aheadof time.Butthe same laws
will prevail in the endandmake ita triumphal
success.”.If thishas had notbeenhappened,
thentoday we will be ina wonderworldof
plentyof powerusingthe technologyof
wirelesstransmissionof electricity.
V. CONCLUSION
The transmissionof powerwithoutwiresis not
a theory or a mere possibility,it isnow a reality.
The electrical energy canbe economically
transmittedwithoutwirestoany terrestrial
distance.Many researchershave establishedin
numerousobservations,experimentsand
measurements, qualitative andquantitative.
Dr.N.Teslaisthe pioneerof this invention.
Wirelesstransmissionof electricityhave
tremendous meritslike hightransmission
integrityandLow Loss (90 – 97 % efficient) and
can be transmittedtoanywhere inthe globe
and eliminatethe needforaninefficient,costly,
and capital intensive gridof cables,towers,and

10. substations.The systemwouldreduce the cost
of electrical energy usedbythe
consumerandget ridof the landscape of wires,
cables,and transmissiontowers.Ithas
negligible demeritslikereactive
powerwhichwasfound insignificantand
biologically compatible. Ithasa tremendous
economicimpacttohuman society. Many
countrieswill benefitfromthisservice.Monthly
electricutilitybillsfromold-fashioned,fossil-
fuelled,lossprone electrifiedwire-griddelivery
serviceswill be optional, muchlike“cable TV”
of today.