Boko haram

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DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
http://www.nps.edu/Library/
Boko Haram: A Brief Bibliography of Open Source Information
Created 2/25/2014
Last Updated 03/23/2015
Compiled by Greta E. Marlatt
gmarlatt@nps.edu
BOOKS.................................................................................................... 1
ARTICLES - FREE...................................................................................... 6
ARTICLES – FOR FEE................................................................................13
RESEARCH CENTERS/THINK TANKS REPORTS .............................................20
CONGRESSIONAL INFORMATION ...............................................................27
THESES & DISSERTATIONS.......................................................................29
CONFLICT INFORMATION..........................................................................31
TOPICAL NEWS WEBSITES........................................................................32
BOOKS
Ademowo, Adeyemi Johnson and Olusola Matthew Ojo. Boko Haram: Peace Culture
and the Quest for a United Nigeria. Mokola, Ibadan: Muffy Prints Concepts,
2012.
Adibe, Jideofor. "What do we really Know about Boko Haram?" In Boko Haram:
Anatomy of a Crisis, edited by Mantzikos, Ioannis, 9-15. Bristol, UK: e-
International Relations, 2013.
http://ifra-nigeria.org/IMG/pdf/boko-haram-islamism-politics-security-
nigeria.pdf
Adibe, Jideofor. Nigeria without Nigerians?: Boko Haram and the Crisis in Nigeria's
Nation-Building. London: Adonis & Abbey, 2012.
American Foreign Policy Council. "Boko Haram." In World Almanac of Islamism, 1-10.
Washington, DC: American Foreign Policy Council, 2010.
http://almanac.afpc.org/sites/almanac.afpc.org/files/Boko%20Haram.pdf
Baken, Denise N. "Nigeria's Vulnerability to Cyber Warfare." In Boko Haram:
nigeria.pdf

2
Chouin, Gérard, Manuel Reinert, and Elodie Apard. "Body Count and Religion in the
Boko Haram Crisis: Evidence from the Nigerian Watch Database." In Boko
Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria, edited by Pérouse
de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 213-236. Enschede, Netherlands: Ipskamp
Drukkers, 2014.
nigeria.pdf
Harnischfeger, Johannes. "Boko Haram and its Muslim Critics: Observations from
Yobe State." In Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in
Nigeria, edited by Pérouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 33-62. Enschede,
Netherlands: Ipskamp Drukkers, 2014.
nigeria.pdf
Hoechner, Hannah. "Traditional Quranic Students (Almajirai) in Nigeria: Fair Game
for Unfair Accusations?" In Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the
State in Nigeria, edited by Pérouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 63-84. Enschede,
nigeria.pdf
Mang, Henry Gyang. "Christiann Perceptions of Islam and Society in Relation to Boko
Haram and Recent Events in Jos and Northern Nigeria." In Boko Haram:
Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria, edited by Pérouse de
Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 85-109. Enschede, Netherlands: Ipskamp Drukkers,
2014.
nigeria.pdf
Mantzikos, Ioannis, ed. Boko Haram: Anatomy of a Crisis. Bristol, UK: e-
nigeria.pdf
Masaeli, Mahmoud. Morality and Terrorism: An Interfaith Perspective. Santa Ana,
CA: Nortia Press, 2012.
Mohammed, Kyari. "The Message and Methods of Boko Haram." In Boko Haram:
Islamism, Politics, Decurity and the State in Nigeria, edited by Pérouse de
Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 9-32. Enschede, Netherlands: Institut Français de
Recherche en Afrique (IFRA), 2014.
nigeria.pdf
Murtada, Ahmad. Boko Haram in Nigeria: Its Beginnings, Principles and Activities in
Nigeria. SalafiManhaj, 2013.
http://download.salafimanhaj.com/pdf/SalafiManhaj_BokoHaram.pdf

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Nweke, Charles Chukwemeka. “Boko Haram Terrorism and Nigeria National
Integration: A Philosophical Analysis.” Journal of Religion and Human Relations
1, no. 6 (2014): 83-89.
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrhr/article/view/111517
Oarhe, Osumah. "Responses of the Nigerian Defense and Intelligence Establishments
to the Challenge of Boko Haram." In Boko Haram: Anatomy of a Crisis, edited by
Mantzikos, Ioannis, 60-72. Bristol, UK: e-International Relations, 2013.
nigeria.pdf
Odo, Linus Ugwu. “Boko Haram and Insecurity in Nigeria: The Quest for a Permanent
Solution.” African Research Review 9, no. 1 (January 2015): 47-61.
http://afrrevjo.net/journals/multidiscipline/Vol_9_no_1_art_5_Odo.pdf
Okai, Nicholas. “Terrorism in West Africa: Boko Haram, Adding Some Few
Recommendations to the Yamoussoukro Declaration.” International Journal of
Innovative Research & Development 3, no. 5 (May 2015): 219-223.
http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/viewFile/49370/40015
Omotoso, Funso. Terrorism in Nigeria: Stemming a Rising Menace. Ibadan, Nigeria:
Netview Books, 2012.
Omotosho¸ Mashood. "Dynamics of Religious Fundamentalism: A Survey of Boko
Haram Insurgency in Northern Nigeria." Journal of Philosophy, Culture and
Religion 4 (2015): 8-15.
http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JPCR/article/view/19279
Onapajo, Hakeem. "Why Nigeria is Not Winning the Anti-Boko Haram War." In Boko
Haram: Anatomy of a Crisis, edited by Mantzikos, Ioannis, 53-59. Bristol, UK: e-
nigeria.pdf
Onuoha, Freedom. "Boko Haram and the Evolving Salafi Jihadist Threat in Nigeria."
In Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria, edited by
Pérouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 151-191. Enschede, Netherlands: Ipskamp
Drukkers, 2014.
nigeria.pdf
———. "Understanding Boko Haram's Attacks on Telecommunication Infrastructure."
In Boko Haram: Anatomy of a Crisis, edited by Mantzikos, Ioannis, 16-26.
Bristol, UK: e-International Relations, 2013.
nigeria.pdf

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Oyebade, Adebayo. The United States' Foreign Policy in Africa in the 21st Century:
Issues and Perspectives. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2014.
———. The United States' Foreign Policy in Africa in the 21st Century: Issues and
Perspectives. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2014.
Pérouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine. "Boko Haram and Politics: From Insurgency to
Terrorism." In Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria,
edited by Pérouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 135-157. Enschede, Netherlands:
Ipskamp Drukkers, 2014.
nigeria.pdf
———. Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria. Enschede,
nigeria.pdf
Poling, Caitlin C. "U.S. Congress and Boko Haram." In Boko Haram: Anatomy of a
Crisis, edited by Mantzikos, Ioannis, 73-84. Bristol, UK: e-International
Relations, 2013.
nigeria.pdf
Reinert, Manuel and Lou Garçon. "Boko Haram Crisis: A Chronology." In Boko
Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State in Nigeria, edited by Pérouse
de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 237-245. Enschede, Netherlands: Ipskamp
Drukkers, 2014.
nigeria.pdf
Roelofs, Portia. "Framing and Blaming: Discourse Analysis of the Boko Haram
Uprising, July 2009 " In Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State
in Nigeria, edited by Pérouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 110-134. Enschede,
nigeria.pdf
Salaam, Abeeb. "The Psychological make-Up of 'Muhammad Yusuf'." In Boko Haram:
nigeria.pdf
Serrano, Rafael and Zacharias Pieri. "By the Numbers: The Nigerian State's Efforts to
Counter Boko Haram." In Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and the State
in Nigeria, edited by Pérouse de Montclos, Marc-Antoine, 192-212. Enschede,
nigeria.pdf

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Siegle, Joseph. "Boko Haram and the Isolation of Northern Nigeria: Regional and
International Implications." In Boko Haram: Anatomy of a Crisis, edited by
Mantzikos, Ioannis, 85-90. Bristol, UK: e-International Relations, 2013.
http://www.e-ir.info/wp-content/uploads/Boko-Haram-e-IR.pdf
Smith, Mile. Boko Haram: Inside Nigeria’s Unholy War. London: I.B. Tauris, 2015.
Solomon, Hussein. "Boko Haram, Identify and the Limits of Counter-Terrorism." In
Boko Haram: Anatomy of a Crisis, edited by Mantzikos, Ioannis, 27-34. Bristol,
UK: e-International Relations, 2013.
———. "Boko Haram, Identity and the Limits of Counter-Terrorism." In Boko Haram:
Whitlock, Samuel T., ed. Boko Haram: The Emerging Nigerian Terrorist Threat.
Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2014.

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ARTICLES - FREE
Abimbola, J. O. and S. A. Adesote. "Domestic Terrorism and Boko Haram Insurgency
in Nigeria, Issues and Trends: A Historical Discourse." Journal of Arts and
Contemporary Society 4, (September, 2012): 11-29.
http://www.cenresinpub.org/pub/Sept%20Edition%202012/JACS/Page%2011-
19_842_.pdf
Adebayo, Anthony Abayomi. “Implication of ‘Boko Haram’ Terrorism on National
Development in Nigeria: A Critical Review.” Mediterranean Journal of Social
Sciences 5, no. 16 (July 2014): 480-489.
http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/3330
Aderibigbe, Adejare Morenikeji, and John Oluwafemi Olla. “Kidnapping Terrorism and
Political Violence, Implication for Strategic Security Management in Nigeria.”
Developing Country Studies 4, no. 6 (2014): 16-19.
http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/DCS/article/view/11775
Adesina, OJ. “Predicting the Effect of Counselling on the Psychological Adjustment of
Boko Haram Victims in Nigeria.” AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts
and Humanities 2, no. 4 (2013): 205-216.
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijah/article/view/106710
Adesoji, Abimbola. "The Boko Haram Uprising and Islamic Revivalism in Nigeria."
Africa Spectrum 45, no. 2 (2010): 95-108.
http://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/afsp/article/view/330
Agbiboa, Daniel. "The Ongoing Campaign of Terror in Nigeria: Boko Haram Versus
the State." Stability: International Journal of Security & Development 2, no. 3
(2013): 1-18. http://www.stabilityjournal.org/article/view/sta.cl.
Ahokegh, AF. "Boko Haram: A 21st Century Challenge in Nigeria." European
Scientific Journal 8, no. 21 (2012): 46-55.
http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/334
Ajaegbu, Okechukwu Odinaka. "Religion and National Development in Nigeria."
American Academic & Scholarly Research Journal 4, no. 4 (2012): 57-64.
http://aasrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/July-Issue-PDF-
New.pdf#page=57
Ajayi, A. I. "‘Boko Haram’and Terrorism in Nigeria: Exploratory and Explanatory
Notes." Global Advanced Research Journal of History, Political Science and
International Relations 1, no. 5 (July, 2012): 103-107.
http://garj.org/garjhpsir/pdf/2012/july/Ajayi.pdf
Akpan, Felix, Okonette Ekanem and AngelaOlofu-Adeoye. “Boko Haram Insurgency
and the Counter-Terrorism Policy in Nigeria.” Canadian Social Science 10, no. 2
(2014): 151-155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3968%2F4259

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Amaliya, Mark and Michael Nwankpa. “Assessing Boko Haram: A Conversation.”
Journal of Terrorism Research 5, no. 1 (February 2014): 81-87.
http://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/jtr/article/view/832
Anyadike, Nkechi O. "Boko Haram and National Security Challenges in Nigeria;
Causes and Solutions." Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4,
no. 5 (2013): 12-23.
http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEDS/article/viewFile/4849/4927
Babatunde, Muraina Monsuru, Uyanga Unwana-Obong D and Muraina Kamilu
Olanreqaju. “Historical Antecendents of Boko Harma Insurgency and Its
Implications for Sustainable and Educational Development in North Central
Nigeria.” Journal of Education and Practice 5, no. 22 (2014): 59-65.
http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/14542
Bagaji, Yusufu and Ali Simon. "Boko Haram and the Recurring Bomb Attacks in
Nigeria: Attempt to Impose." Cross-Cultural Communication 8, no. 1 (2012):
33-41. http://cscanada.net/index.php/ccc/article/view/2301
Balogun, Lekan. “Boko Haram: The Nation as Terrorist.” Online Journal of Social
Sciences Research 2, no. 2 (April 2014): 7-17.
http://scholarsworld.net/english/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Paper-2-New.pdf
Bamidele, Oluwaseun. "Boko Haram Catastrophic Terrorism—An Albatross to
National Peace, Security and Sustainable Development in Nigeria." Journal of
Sustainable Development in Africa 14, no. 1 (2012): 32-44.
http://www.jsd-africa.com/Jsda/Vol14No1-
Spring2012A/PDF/Boko%20Haram%20Catastrophic%20Terrorism.Oluwaseun%
20Bamidele.pdf
Burchard, Stephanie M. “Boko Haram and the 2015 Nigerian Elections.” Africa Watch,
4 (April 11, 2014).
https://www.ida.org/upload/africawatch/africawatch-apr-11-2014-vol4.pdf
———. “State Sponsored “Vigilantism” in Nigeria and the Fight Against Boko Haram.”
Africa Watch, 4 (May 1, 2014).
https://www.ida.org/upload/africawatch/africawatch-may-01-2014-vol4.pdf
Casimir, Ani, C.T. Nwaoga and Chrysanthus Ogbozor. “Religion, Violence, Poverty
and Underdevelopment in West Africa: Issues and Challenges of Boko Haram
Phenomenon in Nigeria.” Open Journal of Philosophy 4, no.1 (February 2014):
59-67.
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=43300
Connell, Shannon. "To be Or Not to be: Is Boko Haram a Foreign Terrorist
Organization?" Global Security Studies 3, no. 3 (Summer, 2012): 87-93.
http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Connell%20Boko%20Haram.pdf

8
Ekanem, Samuel Asuquo, Jacob Abiodun Dada, and Bassey James Ejue. "Boko
Haram and Amnesty: A Philo-Legal Appraisal." International Journal of
Humanities and Social Science 2, no. 4 (2005): 231-244.
http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_4_Special_Issue_February_2012/2
8.pdf
Epelle, Alafuro and Iwarimie B. Uranta. “Political Economy of Violence: Interpreting
the Nigerian Boko Haram.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Science 5, no. 10,
(2014): 528-535.
http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/2922
Ering, Simon Odey, Cletus Ekok Omono and Chibugo Moses Oketa. “Islamic Militancy
and Global Insecurity: The Challenge of Boko-Haram in Nigeria.” Journal of
Educational and Social Research 4, no. 1 (January 2014): 504-510.
http://mcser.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/view/1868
Feyyaz, Muhammad. “Understanding the Intensity of Boko Haram’s Terrorism.”
Combating Terrorism Exchange (CTX) Journal 5, no. 1 (Februrary 2015)
https://globalecco.org/343
Gilbert, Lysias Dodd. “Prolongation of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: The
International Dimensions.” Research on Humanities and Social Science 4, no. 11
(2014): 150-156.
http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/RHSS/article/view/13278
Giroux, Jennifer and Raymond Gilpin. “#NigeriaOnTheEdge.” Policy Perspectives 2,
no. 2 (May 2014): 1-4
http://mercury.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/180341/ipublicationdocument_si
ngledocument/5dd1f3ad-d95d-46fc-921e-497a233510f7/en/PP_05_05_2014.pdf
Gourley, Sean M. "Linkages between Boko Haram and Al Qaeda: A Potential Deadly
Synergy." Global Security Studies 3, no. 3 (Summer, 2012): 1-14.
http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Gourley%20Boko%20Haram.pdf
Hill, J.N.C. “Boko Haram, the Chibok Abductions and Nigeria’s Counterterrorism
Strategy.” CTC Sentinel, 7, no. 7 (July 2014): 15-17.
https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CTCSentinel-
Vol7Iss7.pdf
Igboin, Benson O. “Boko Haram Fundamentalism: A Critical Metamorphosis.”
Claremont Journal of Religion 3, no. 2 (2014): 72-97.
Jerome, Afeikhena. “Lessons from Colombia for Curtailing the Boko Haram
Insurgency in Nigeria.” Prism, 5, no. 2 (2015): 95-105.
http://cco.dodlive.mil/files/2015/02/PRISM5-2_Lessons_from_Colombia-
final.pdf; http://cco.dodlive.mil/prism-volume-5-number-2/
Karmon, Ely. “Boko Haram’s International Reach.” Perspectives on Terrorism 8, no. 1
(2014): 74-83.
http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/326

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Loimeier, Roman. "Boko Haram: The Development of a Militant Religious Movement
in Nigeria." Africa Spectrum 47, no. 2-3 (2012): 137-155.
http://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/afsp/article/view/555/553
Maiangwa, Benjamin. “’Soldiers of God or Allah’: Religious Politicization and the Boko
Haram Crisis in Nigeria.” Journal of Terrorism Research 5, no. 1 (February
2014): 58-66.
Manni, Nathaniel. "Boko Haram: A Threat to African and Global Security." Global
Security Studies 3, no. 4 (Fall, 2012): 44-54.
http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Manni%20BH%20FINAL.pdf
Mantzikos, Ioannis. “Boko Haram Attacks in Nigeria and Neighbouring Countries: A
Chronology of Attacks.” Perspectives on Terrorism 8, no. 6 (2014): 63-81.
http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/391
McGregor, Andrew. “Alleged Connection Between Boko Haram and Nigeria’s Fulani
Herdsman Could Spark a Nigerian Civil War.” Terrorism Monitor 12, no. 10 (May
16, 2014): 8-10.
http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/TerrorismMonitorVol12Issue10.pdf
Menner, Scott. “Boko Haram’s Regional Cross-Border Activities.” CTC Sentinel 7, no.
10 (October 2014): 10-14.
Vol7Iss10.pdf
Moore, Jeff. “Boko Haram’s Resiliency Spells Trouble for West Africa.” Small Wars
Journal (January 2014)
http://smallwarsjournal.com/printpdf/20407
Niworu, Salihu Mohammed. "Boko Haram Sect: Terrorists Or a Manifestation of the
Failed Nigerian State." Journal of Politics & Law 6, no. 2 (June 2013): 245-250.
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jpl/article/download/27875/16828
Ntamu, G.U. and Ekpenyong Obo Ekpenyong. “Boko Haram: A Threat to Nigerian
National Security.” European Scientific Journal 10, no. 17 (June 2014): 244-253.
http://www.eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/3560
Nwankpa, Michael. “The Politics of Amnesty in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis of the
Boko Haram and Niger Delta Insurgencies.” Journal of Terrorism Research 5, no.
1 (February 2014): 67-77.
Nwanegbo, C. Jaja and Jude Odigbo. "Security and National Development in Nigeria:
The Threat of Boko Haram." International Journal of Humanities and Social
Science 3, no. 4 (February, 2013).
http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_4_Special_Issue_February_2013/2
9.pdf

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Obi, Chidiebere and Uchenna Azubuike Ezeogu. “The Mortality of Suicide Terrorism
and Boko Haram Challenges in Nigeria.” UJAH UNIZIK Journal of Arts and
Humanities 14, no. 3 (2013): 174-191.
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ujah/article/view/106106
Ogbonnaya, Ufiem Maurice and Uyi Kizito Ehigiamusoe. "Niger Delta Militancy and
Boko Haram Insurgency: National Security in Nigeria." Global Security Studies 4,
no. 3 (Summer, 2013).
http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Ogbannaya%20Niger-AG.pdf
Ojo, Emmanuel. "Boko Haram: Nigeria’s Extra-Judicial State." Journal of Sustainable
Development in Africa 12, no. 2 (2010): 45-62.
http://www.jsd-
africa.com/Jsda/V12No2_Spring2010_B/PDF/Boko%20Haram%20Nigeria's%20E
xtra-Judicial%20State%20(Ojo).pdf
Okpaga, Adagba, Ugwu Sam Chijioke, and Okechukwu Innocent Eme. "Activities of
Boko Haram and Insecurity Question in Nigeria." Arabian Journal of Business
and Management Review 1, no. 9 (2012).
http://www.arabianjbmr.com/pdfs/OM_VOL_1_(9)/6.pdf
Omede, A. J. "Nigeria: Analysing the Security Challenges of the Goodluck Jonathan
Administration." Canadian Social Science 7, no. 5 (2011): 90-102.
http://cscanada.net/index.php/css/article/view/1988
Omololu, Omololu Toluwanimi. “The Boko Haram Phenomenon as a Derivative of the
Inherent Ethnic Security Dilemma in Nigeria’s Political System.” Online Journal of
Social Sciences Research 3, no. 2 (February 2014): 38-48.
http://onlineresearchjournals.org/JSS/pdf/2014/feb/Omololu.pdf
Opeloye, Muibi O. "The Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: A Critical Study of the
Movement’s Ideological Posture and Implications." International Proceedings of
Economics Development and Research 51, no. 38 (2012): 172-181.
http://www.ipedr.com/vol51/038-ICHSC2012-B10058.pdf
Oviasogie, Faith Osasumwen. "State Failure, Terrorism and Global Security: An
Appraisal of the Boko Haram Insurgency in Northern Nigeria." Journal of
Sustainable Society 2, no. 1 (2013): 20-30.
http://wscholars.com/index.php/jss/article/view/248
Peterside, Brown Zainab. “A Threat to National Security: The Case of Boko Haram in
Nigeria.” Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 4 (July 2014): 283-
290.
http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/view/3101
Placido dos Santos, Gustavo. “Boko Haram: Time for an Alternative Approach.” IPRIS
Viewpoints, 143 (April 2014).
http://www.ipris.org/php/download.php?fid=787

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Popoola, I. S. "Press and Terrorism in Nigeria: A Discourse on Boko Haram." Global
Media Journal - Africa Edition 6, no. 1 (2012): 43-66.
http://reference.sabinet.co.za/webx/access/electronic_journals/glomed_africa/gl
omed_africa_v6_n1_a4.pdf
Reeve, Richard. “The Internationalisation of Nigeria’s Boko Haram Campaign.”
Special Global Security Briefing (May 2014).
http://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/sites/default/files/SpecialBriefingMayEn
14_0.pdf
Tanebam, Micha’el. “Al-Qa’ida’s West African Advance: Nigeria’s Boko Haram, Mali’s
Touareg, and the Spread of Salafi Jihadism.” Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 6,
no. 2 (2012): 75-90.
http://israelcfr.com/documents/6-2/6-2-6-MichaelTanchum.pdf
Thomson, Valarie. "Boko Haram and Islamic Fundamentalism in Nigeria." Global
Security Studies 3, no. 3 (Summer, 2012): 46-60.
http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Thomson%20Boko%20Haram.pdf
Uadiale, Martin. "Implication of the Political and Economic Factors in the Rise of
“Boko Haram” Insurgence in Nigeria." International Journal of Advanced Legal
Studies and Governance 3, no. 3 (December, 2012): 81-100.
http://journaldatabase.org/articles/implication_political_economic_factors.html
Zenn, Jacob. “A Bibliography of Boko Haram and the Bay’a to al-Baghdadi.” CTC
Sentinel 8, no. 3 (March 2015): 1-8.
Vol8Issue322.pdf
———. “Boko Haram and the Kidnapping of the Chibok Schoolgirls.” CTC Sentinel 7,
no. 5 (May 2014): 17-21.
Vol7Iss5.pdf
———. “Boko Haram: Recruitment, Financing, and Arms Trafficking in the Lake Chad
Region.” CTC Sentinel 7, no. 2 (October 2014): 5-10.
Vol7Iss102.pdf
———. “Boko Haram, Islamic State and the Archipelago Strategy.”
Terrorism Monitor 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2014): 20-23.
http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/TerrorismMonitorVol12Issue24_07.p
df
———. "Boko Haram’s Dangerous Expansion into Northwest Nigeria." CTC Sentinel 5,
no. 10 (October, 2012): 1-6.
http://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/CTCSentinel-
Vol5Iss101.pdf

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———. “Boko Haram Opens New Fronts in Lagos and Nigeria’s Middle Belt.”
Terrorism Monitor 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2014): 6-8.
http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/TerrorismMonitorVol12Issue15.pdf
———. “Leadership Analysis of Boko Haram and Ansaru in Nigeria.” CTC Sentinel 7,
no. 2 (February, 2014): 23-29.
http://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/CTCSentinel-
Vol7Iss2.pdf
———. "Nigerian Al-Qaedaism." Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 16, (March,
2014): 99-118.
http://www.hudson.org/content/researchattachments/attachment/1393/ct_16_p
osting.pdf
Zenn, Jacob and Elizabeth Pearson. “Women, Gender and the Evolving Tactics of
Boko Haram.” Journal of Terrorism Research 5, no. 1 (February 2014): 46-57.

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ARTICLES – FOR FEE
Abisoye, Amos Olutunde. "Suicide Bombing and Religious Fundamentalism in Nigeria:
The Case of Boko Haram." Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology 10, no. 2 (July,
2013): 52-63.
Abolurin, A. "An Assessment of Roles of Security Agencies in Checkmating Insurgent
Movements in Nigeria (1999-2012)." Africa Journal for the Pyschological Study
of Social Issues 15, no. 2 (2012).
———. "Religion: A Precursor of Terrorism in the Nigerian State: A Commonsensical
Perspective." African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues 15, no.
1 (2012).
Adebayo, Anthony Abayomi. "Implications of 'Boko Haram' Terrorism on National
Development in Nigeria: A Critical Review." Mediterranean Journal of Social
Sciences 5, no. 16 (July, 2014): 480-489.
Adebayo, A. Adekunle and A. I. Abe. "Macroeconomic Consequences of Terrorism in
Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (February,
2014): 1-16.
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for Boko Haram. Hague: International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT),
2013.
http://www.icct.nl/download/file/ICCT-Olojo-Nigerias-Troubled-North-October-
2013.pdf
Onuoha, Freedom C. Boko Haram: Nigeria’s Extremist Islamic Sect. Wadi Al Sail,
Bahrain: Al Jazeera Centre for Studies, 2012.
http://studies.aljazeera.net/ResourceGallery/media/Documents/2012/2/29/2012
229113341793734BOKO%20HARAM%20NIGERIAS%20EXTREMIST%20ISLAMIC
%20SECT.pdf

24
———. Boko Haram and Nyanya Bomb Blast. Wadi Al Sail, Bahrain: Al Jazeera Center
for Studies, 2014.
4299179752734Boko%20Haram%20&%20Nyanya%20Bombing.pdf
———. Porous Borders and Boko Haram’s Arms Smuggling Operations in Nigeria.
Wadi Al Sail, Bahrain: Al Jazeera Center for Studies, 2013.
810737330580Porous%20Borders_bokoharam.pdf
———. Why Do Youth Join Boko Haram? Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace,
2014.
http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR348-
Why_do_Youth_Join_Boko_Haram.pdf
Onuoha, Freedom C and Temilola A. George. Boko Haram’s Use of Female Suicide
Bombing in Nigeria. Wadi Al Sail, Bahrain: Al Jazeera Centre for Studies, 2015.
3189319985734Boko-Harams-Female.pdf
O’Regan, Davin. The Geography of Boko Haram: More Deadly but More Remote –
Analysis. ISN Security Watch. Zurich: International Relations and Security
Network (ISN), 2015.
http://www.eurasiareview.com/16022015-geography-boko-haram-deadly-
remote-analysis/
Pate, Amy. Boko Haram: An Assessment of Strengths, Vulnerabilities and Policy
Options. College Park, MD: National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and
Responses to Terrorism (START), 2014.
https://www.start.umd.edu/pubs/START_%20SMA-
AFRICOM_Boko%20Haram%20Deep%20Dive_Jan2015.pdf
Pham, J. Peter. Boko Haram's Evolving Threat. Washington, DC: National Defense
University, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 2012.
http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/Africa-Security-Brief/ASB-20.pdf
Pothuraju, Babjee. Boko Haram’s Persistent Threat in Nigeria. New Delhi: Institute
for Defence Studies and Analysis (IDSA), 2012.
http://www.idsa.in/system/files/ThreatInNigeria_BabjePothuraju.pdf
Reeve, Richard. The Internationalisation of Nigeria’s Boko Haram Campaign. London:
Oxford Research Group, 2014.
http://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/sites/default/files/SpecialBriefingMayEn
14_0.pdf
———. Nigeria’s Bloody Valentine: Boko Haram’s Electoral Opportunity. London:
Oxford Research Group, 2015.
http://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/sites/default/files/ORGFeb15BriefingNig
eriasBloodyValentine.pdf

25
Robertson, Racine W. E. Pre-Emptive Threat Mitigation: Neutralizing the Boko Haram
Threat to U.S. Interests. Newport, RI: Naval War College, Joint Military
Operations Department, 2012.
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a563893.pdf
Rogers, Paul. Nigeria: The Generic Context of the Boko Haram Violence, 2012.
http://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/sites/default/files/AprEn12.pdf
Sanei, Abukar. Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram: Comparative Analysis and Policy
Approaches. Columbus, OH: Center for Policy Analysis & Research (CfPAR),
2015.
http://www.cfpar.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Al-Shabaab-and-Boko-
Haram-Policy-Review-by-CfPAR.pdf
Schwartz, Stephanie. Is Nigeria a Hotbed of Islamic Extremism? Washington, DC: US
Institute of Peace, 2010.
http://www.usip.org/publications/nigeria-hotbed-of-islamic-extremism
Simonelli, Corina, Michael Jensen, Alejandro Castro-Reina, Amy Pate, Scott Menner
and Erin Miller. Boko Haram Recent Attacks. College Park, MD: National
Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START),
2014.
https://www.start.umd.edu/pubs/STARTBackgroundReport_BokoHaramRecentAt
tacks_May2014_0.pdf
Smith, Patrick. Djihadisme sans Frontiers? Boko Haram’s Regional and International
Links. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, 2014.
http://www.peacebuilding.no/Regions/Africa/Nigeria/Publications/Djihadisme-
sans-frontiers-Boko-Haram-s-regional-and-international-links/(language)/eng-
US
Stevenson, John. Statistical Analysis of Event Data Concerning Boko Haram in
Nigeria (2009-2013). College Park, MD: National Consortium for the Study of
Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 2015.
https://www.start.umd.edu/pubs/START_SMA-
AFRICOM_StatisticalAnalysis_Jan2015.pdf
“Those Terrible Weeks in Their Camp”: Boko Haram Violence Against Women and
Girls in Northeast Nigeria. Washington, DC: Human Rights Watch, 2014.
http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/nigeria1014web.pdf
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom. Nigeria: Boko
Haram’s Religiously-Motivated Attacks. Washington, DC: US Commission on
International Religious Freedom, 2013.
http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo39852
Walker, Andrew. What is Boko Haram? Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace, 2012.
http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR308.pdf.

26
White House. FACT Sheet: U.S. Efforts to Assist the Nigerian Government in Its Fight
Against Boko Haram. Washington, DC: White House, 2014.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/14/fact-sheet-us-efforts-
assist-nigerian-government-its-fight-against-boko-
Zenn, Jacob. Northern Nigeria's Boko Haram: The Prize in Al-Qaeda's African
Strategy. Washington, DC: Jamestown Foundation, 2012.

27
CONGRESSIONAL INFORMATION
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch. Nigeria’s 2015 Elections and the Boko Haram Crisis.
Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2014.
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43881.pdf
———. Nigeria’s Boko Haram: Frequently Asked Questions. Washington, DC:
Congressional Research Service, 2014.
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43558.pdf
Ploch, Lauren. Nigeria: Current Issues and U.S. Policy. Washington, DC:
Congressional Research Service, 2013lolu.
https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33964.pdf
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Boko Haram: The
Growing Threat to Schoolgirls, Nigeria, and Beyond. Washington, DC: 2014.
http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/hearing/hearing-boko-haram-growing-threat-
schoolgirls-nigeria-and-beyond
———. LRA, Boko Haram, Al-Shabaab, AQIM, and Other Sources of Instability in
Africa: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of
Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, April 25,
2012. Washington, DC: US GPO, 2012. http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo26367
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on
Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations. The
Ongoing Struggle Against Boko Haram. Washington, DC: 2014.
http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/hearing/subcommittee-hearing-ongoing-
struggle-against-boko-haram
Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights. U.S. Policy Toward Nigeria: West
Africa's Troubled Titan: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global
Health, and Human Rights of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of
Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, July 10, 2012.
Washington, DC: US GPO, 2012. http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo32579
Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights and Subcommittee on Terrorism,
Nonproliferation, and Trade. The Continuing Threat of Boko Haram, One
Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, November 13, 2013. Washington,
DC: US GPO, 2014.
http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA16/20131113/101479/HHRG-113-FA16-
Transcript-20131113.pdf

28
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Boko Haram:
Growing Threat to the U.S. Homeland. Washington, DC: Majority Staff of the
Committee on Homeland Security, 2013.
http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/documents/09-13-
13-Boko-Haram-Report.pdf
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee
on Counterterrorism and Intelligence. Boko Haram: Emerging Threat to the U.S.
Homeland. Washington, DC: US GPO, 2011.
———. Boko Haram: Emerging Threat to the United States: Hearing before the
Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence of the Committee on
Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress,
First Session, November 30, 2011. Washington, DC: US GPO, 2012.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on
African Affairs. #BringBackOurGirls: Addressing the Threat of Boko Haram.
http://www.foreign.senate.gov/hearings/bringbackourgirls-addressing-the-
threat-of-boko-haram/051514
———. A Closer Look at Nigeria: Security, Governance, and Trade: Hearing before
the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations,
United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, March
29, 2012. Washington, DC: US GPO, 2012. http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo33799

29
THESES & DISSERTATIONS
Afokpa, Vaeme Jensine. "Regional Profits: The Rise of Hybrid Terrorism in West
Africa Post 9/11."Stanford University, 2013.
http://iis-db.stanford.edu/docs/785/Afokpa_Vaeme_Thesis_Final.pdf
Alhaji-shehu, Bashir. "Ethno-Religious Conflicts/Violence in Northern Nigeria." Master
of Arts (Global Studies - A European Perspective), Universitat Wien, 2012.
http://othes.univie.ac.at/20881/1/2012-03-29_0906593.pdf
Alo, Ejikeme Nonso. "Is Nigeria's Conflict Ethnic Or Religious?: Resolving the
Escalating Conflict in Nigeria." Master of Arts in Political Science, Eastern Illinois
University, 2013.
http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131600461.pdf
Amaechi, Kingsley Ekene. "Political Violence: A Comparative and Social Movement
Study of Boko Haram and MEND." Master of Arts (Religion, Society and Global
Issues), Norwegian School of Theology, 2013.
http://brage.bibsys.no/mf/bitstream/URN:NBN:no-
bibsys_brage_46321/1/AVH5035-kand-nr-6077-masteravhandling-Amaechi-
navn.pdf
Egbeleke, Aderopo Ayodele. "Rethinking Boko-Haram: Contending Perspectives
among Nigerians in Diaspora and Youths." Master of Arts (Development
Studies), Erasmus University, 2013.
http://thesis.eur.nl/pub/15393/
Gordon, John Tully. “The Scourge of the Sahel: Examining the Rise of Boko Haram
and Modern Violent Extremism in West Africa.” Master of Arts (Political Science),
Fordham University, 2014.
Liolio, Samson Eyituoyo. "Rethinking Counterinsurgency: A Case Study of Boko
Haram in Nigeria." Master of Arts in Peace and Conflict Studies, European Peace
University (EPU), 2013.
http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/pdf/case-studies/Samson_Eyituoyo_Liolio_-
_Rethinking_Counterinsurgency.pdf
Madden, Cynthia. Boko Haram: Children as Weapons of War. Master of Science,
Utica College, 2014.
Oftedal, Emilie. "Boko Haram: A Transnational Phenomenon?" Master of Arts
(Political Science), University of Oslo, 2013.
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-37367
Ryan, James D. "An Alliance Build upon Necessity: AQIM, Boko Haram, and the
African "Arch of Instability"." Master of Arts (Security Studies - Middle East,
South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa), Naval Postgraduate School, 2013.
http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34732

30
Umar, Aminu Mohammed. "Nigeria and the Boko Haram Sect: Adopting a Better
Strategy for Resolving the Crisis." Master of Arts (Security Studies-Sub-Saharan
Africa), Naval Postgraduate School, 2013.
http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34755

31
CONFLICT INFORMATION
Conflict Barometer
http://www.hiik.de/en/konfliktbarometer/index.html
This describes recent trends in conflict development, coups and attempted coups, escalations, settlements
and more
ConflictMap.org
http://www.conflictmap.org/conflict/boko_haram
Global Terrorism Database http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)
The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) is an open-source database including
information on terrorist events around the world since 1970 (currently updated
through 2010). Unlike many other event databases, the GTD includes systematic
data on international as well as domestic terrorist incidents that have occurred
during this time period and now includes almost 80,000 cases. For each GTD
incident, information is available on the date and location of the incident, the
weapons used and nature of the target, the number of casualties, and -- when
identifiable -- the identity of the perpetrator.
National Counterterrorism Center – Counterterrorism 2014 Calendar
http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/boko_haram.html
UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Disasters & Conflicts – Nigeria
http://www.unep.org/nigeria/

32
TOPICAL NEWS WEBSITES
ABC News – Boko Haram
http://abcnews.go.com/topics/news/world/boko-haram.htm
Al Jazerra News – Boko Haram
http://www.aljazeera.com/category/organisation/boko-haram
Christian Science Monitor – Boko Haram
http://www.csmonitor.com/tags/topic/Boko+Haram
EIWA Nigeria Security Briefing – Weekly Reports. Edinburgh International West
Africa.
http://www.ei-westafrica.com.ng/reports/nigeria-weekly-reports/
Huffington Post – Boko Haram
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/boko-haram/
Times of India - Boko Haram
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/boko-haram
Twitter – Boko Haram Watch
https://twitter.com/BokoHaramWatch

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