it is about basic introduction of chromosome and its role.

1. Topic of discussion:-
•Structure of chromosome
•Function of chromosome
•Type of chromosome
•Sex determination Brighter Academy
Science class
By Chandan Chaudhary

2. Chromosome
The ribbon shaped clear, thick
and long microscopic threads
which can be seen during the
cell division are chromosomes:
Chromatic reticulum:
The networks of fine
threads which are present in
the nucleus of a cell are
called chromatic reticulum.

3. Structure of chromosome

4. Structure of chromosome
Centromere or kinetochore:
The constriction present in the chromosome is
called centromere or kinetochore
Chromatide:
A chromatid is one copy of a newly copied
chromosome which is still joined to the original
copy by a single centromere

5. Function of chromosome
 Chromosomes determine the characteristics of
animals and plants.
 It transfers characteristics from one generation to
another.
  Chromosomes transfer not only the body
characteristics but also some sex liked diseases
like haemophilia, baldness, breast cancer, etc.

6. Type of chromosome on the basis
of position of centromere

7. Type of chromosome on the basis
of character
 Autosome: Autosome determine the characteristics of
the body. There are 22 pairs of the autosome in the
nucleus of the human body cell.
 Sex chromosome: Sex chromosome determine the
sex of the upcoming generation. In the nucleus of the
human body cell, there is one pair of sex chromosomes
(XX or XY) in the nucleus of the human body cell.

8. Type of cell
Types of cells on the basis of number of chromosomes:
 Diploid cells: The cells in which half number of chromosomes come for the mother
(maternal chromosomes) and half from the father (paternal chromosomes) to make
“2n”are called diploid cells.
 Generally somatic cells are diploid.
 Diploid organisms get half the chromosomes from the father and half from the
mother.
 Haploid cells: cells with half the number of chromosomes are called haploid cells. There
are formed during the gamete formation. The are denoted by “n”.
Cells which are present in body and reproductive part:
 Somatic cells: cells which are present in the body except gametic cells are called somatic
cells. In the cells of the human body, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. Among them, 23
come from the father and 23 from the mother.
 Reproductive cells (Gametes): The cells which are present in the reproductive part of
the body with half the number of chromosomes are called reproductive cells of gametes.
In the ovum and sperm of human being, there are 23 chromosomes

9. Number of chromosome
Organisms Number of chromosomes organisms Number of chromosomes
yeast 2 pine 24
Housefly 12 frog 26
onion 16 Human beings 46
solanum 16 Gorilla 48

11. Sex detrminationa
 https://youtu.be/D2hVgujy2E8