Positive Parenting Basics Using the Kazdin Method
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Basics of how to use behavioral parenting to start off on the right foot with everyday childrearing
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Positive Parenting Basics Using the Kazdin Method
- 1. Kevin D. Arnold, PhD, ABPP The Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy www.ccbtcolumbus.com Basic Principles of Positive Parenting: Starting Out on the Right Foot
- 2. What we will Cover • Positive Parenting • Learning about Behaviors • Using Rewards • Using Time Out from Rewards • Purposeful Attention and Ignoring • Planning for Homework and School Performance • Managing Parental Stress • When, and If, to Talk to Your Pediatrician about Medication Positive Parenting: The Basics from Parent Management Training and the Yale Based Kazdin Model
- 3. What to Do at Home • Use of Positive Parenting Behavioral Program • Kazdin’s Parent Management Training Strategies • http://yaleparentingcenter.ya le.edu
- 4. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method
- 5. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Approach is Positive • Focus is on Teaching Parents not Individual Therapy for Child • Learning Skills to Increase the Behaviors You Want to See • Takes Time, Effort, and Practice • Working to Improve, Not Cure • Psychologist is a Coach and Teacher
- 6. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Step One: Learning About Behavior • What is a Behavior, and What Isn’t • The Positive Opposite • Learning to See What You Reward • How to Keep Track of Behaviors
- 7. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Step Two: Using Rewards • Types are material objects, activities and privileges, praise/attention, and tokens • Always define the behavior you plan to reward • Deliver rewards immediately and consistently—continuously at first • Use the points consistently with verbal reminders • Understanding contingency as a rule of life • Use a point chart, with bigger rewards and frequent exchanges • If behaviors don’t change, rewards should change
- 8. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Step Two: Using Rewards • Giving a Prompt • Define the Behavior to Work on That Week • Give Clear Instructions (not a request) • Be polite and Respectful • Use a two-time rule • How to express disappointment positively • Always come back later for another try
- 9. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Step Three: Time-Out from Reinforcement: How to Reduce Negative Behaviors • Rule 1: Always Work to Reward Positive Opposites First • Rule 2: Never Use Harsh or Physical Punishments • Rule 3: Time-Out Must be Specific to a Behavior • Rule 4: Time-Out is Not Isolation, It is Removal from Rewards of Praise and Attention • Rule 5: Use it Immediately in a Calmly • Rule 6: Reward for Going and Staying • Rule 7: Short-Duration
- 10. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Step Four: Planning Attention and Ignoring • Always plan to pay attention to the positive opposite (during or after?) • Mix it up—non-verbal, attention, approval • Be specific with praise: I see you…., that’s great, thank you!—Be animated • Plan what to ignore • Plan when to ignore, how much to ignore • Ignore by a) awayness, b) no facial reactions, c) no conversation, d) leave room • Pay attention to any Positive Opposite
- 11. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Step Five: Homework • Shaping—”From start to finish” • Define the sequence • Reward start until mastered, then next step, etc. • Rewards should be continuous and consistent • Rewards progress to the next step, not every step • Once the goal is accomplished, always reward it.
- 12. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Step Five: Homework • The Daily Report Card • Define a Behavior for Compliance • Make Sure You Define the Behavior Clearly • Designate a Setting/Class • Teacher Rates Most, Some or Very Little • Define These to Overcome Teacher’s Possible Negative Perceptual Bias • Rewards for Progressive Steps at Home (Coordinate with Teacher)
- 13. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Step Five: Homework • Homework Program • Set up a daily assignment sheet with the teacher reviewing it and initials • Praise and Points for Brining Home the Assignment Sheet • Set Up Homework Place • Routine Times for Homework • Define Specific Homework Behaviors to Praise and Give Points to • Define Privileges or Activities for Homework Completion • Communicate each day with the teacher to see if turned in
- 14. Positive Parenting Using the Kazdin Method • Other Features include….. • Low Frequency Aggressive Behaviors • Use of Reprimands • Use of Cost-Response Activities • How to Compromise
- 15. Why We Forget the Skills • Parenting Stress/Anxiety • Learned in Situations Before New Skills • Ideas about Impending Doom • Reactions from the Diagram (Negative Reinforcement, Punitive Talk, Physical Reactions) • Anticipate Bad Behavior, Guard Stands at the Ready • Antidote for Learned Parenting Anxiety/Punitive Reactions • Listen to the Impending Doom Ideas, Write Them Down, Test Them Out by the Evidence • Practice Reacting Differently, both in Cognitive Rehearsal and Real Life Practice Sessions • Rethink “Failure” as “Mistake,” “Threat” as “Opportunity”
- 16. What About Medication: Partnering with your Pediatrician • Always Consult your • Typically Medication Improves Self- Regulation, but Doesn’t Overcome Habits Already Developed • Pros and Cons of Extended Release • Tracking Effectiveness at School • Tracking Side Effects at School • Appetite Suppression and the Evening Bounce • Bump Dose Pros and Cons • Adderall vs. Ritalin (Efron Studies) • Some Studies Suggest Positive Parenting can work without medication for mild ADHD if delivered early (ages 3 or 4)