4. CCCCrrrruuuuddddeeee OOOOiiiillll
1. Crude oil contains a mixture of
hydrocarbons
2. Hydrocarbons have different lengths
and therefore different boiling points
3. They can be separated by fractional
distillation
4. Each fraction is put to a different use
depending on the properties of the
hydrocarbon
Crude Oil
8. HHHHyyyyddddrrrrooooccccaaaarrrrbbbboooonnnnssss
1. A hydrocarbon is a molecule which
contains hydrogen and carbon atoms
only
2. The longer the carbon chain the;
• Higher the boiling point
• Less volatile it is
• More viscous it is
• Less flammable it is
Hydrocarbons
10. AAAAllllkkkkaaaannnneeeessss
1. Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all
carbon atoms are bonded by single
covalent bonds
2. Alkanes are said to be saturated
3. The alkanes are named according to
the number of carbon atoms (methane,
ethane, propane, butane, pentane etc.)
4. Alkanes do not turn bromine water
colourless
Alkanes
12. CCCCrrrraaaacccckkkkiiiinnnngggg
1. Hydrocarbons with long chains have
limited use due to their lack of
flammability
2. Large hydrocarbons can be broken down
(cracked) into smaller, more useful
substances
3. This process uses heat and a catalyst
4. It is a type of thermal decomposition
reaction
Cracking
15. AAAAllllkkkkeeeennnneeeessss
1. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain
at least one carbon-carbon double
bond
2. Alkenes are said to be unsaturated
3. Alkenes can be identified using
bromine water. The yellow-brown
bromine water goes colourless.
Alkenes
18. PPPPoooollllyyyymmmmeeeerrrrssss
1. Alkenes are reactive and are called
monomers
2. Monomers (e.g. ethene) can react
together to form polymers (e.g.
poly(ethene))
3. This process is called polymerisation
4. Addition polymerisation has taken
place if no other products are made
5. Plastics are polymers
Polymers
20. UUUUsssseeeessss ooooffff PPPPllllaaaassssttttiiiiccccssss
1. Poly(ethene) is used for making plastic
bags and bottles
2. Poly(propene) is used for making
crates and ropes
3. Most plastics are not biodegradable –
they cannot be broken down by
microorganisms. They can lead to
problems with waste disposal
Uses of Plastics
