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이버멕틴 이야기
정준호 - 151113
2015 노벨 생리의학상
• 투유유 / 윌리엄 캠벨 / 사토시 오무라
또 다른 주인공들
노벨상을 위한 조건들
• 7000명의 과학자
• 5700개의 연구소
• 100년의 연구
2015년. 왜 기생충인가.
• 마지막 기생충 관련 수상
• 1948년 DDT를 개발한 폴 뮐러
• 이후 대부분의 수상 내역은
• 면역학, 세포학, 분자생물학적 기술
현존하는 위협
• 2014년 서아프리카 에볼라 유행
• 미국, 스페인, 영국, 독일 등 발병
• 감염성 질환의 위협은 사라지지
않았음을 사람들에게 알려준 사건
• 적절치 못했던 국제사회의 대응
과연 우리는 질병을
통제할 수 있는가?
현존하는 기생충
기적의 약, 이버멕틴
• 1978년 : 사토시 오무라 박사
• 토양 내 박테리아인
Streptomyces avermitilis에서
Avermectin 발견
• 골프장의 흙 안에서 발견
이버멕틴 상용화
• 1981년, 머크사의 윌리엄 캠벨을
통해 안정화 및 상용화 성공
• 장내 기생충 뿐 아니라 이, 구더기,
진드기 등 다양한 체외기생충에도
효과적
• 연간 10억달러 이상의 판매고 기록
회전사상충증
• 회전사상충/강변사상충/강변실명증
• 1970년대 총 34개국 유행
• 1770만명 감염
• 시력 상실 : 27만명
• 시력 손상 : 50만명
기적의 시작
• 1974년, 세계은행 주도
• 회전사상충 퇴치 프로그램
• 120만 제곱 킬로미터
• 11개국
• 3000만명 대상
초기 퇴치 노력
• DEC 약품 투여 -> 심각한 약물
부작용
• 매개체 먹파리 방제용 항공 살충제
살포 -> 생태계 파괴 부작용
기적의 총알
• 1987년, 이버멕틴 인체 사용 승인
• 머크사 무상 기부 약속
• 단순한 투약법
• 낮은 부작용
이버멕틴 기부 프로그램
• 1988년, 멕티잔(이버멕틴 상품명)
기부 시작
• 2002년까지
• 25억정 기부 및 투약
• 7억명 치료
• 현재 연간 160명분의 약품 배포
회전사상충의 현재
• 2002년 시에라리온을 제외한
서아프리카 전체에서 회전사상충
전파 중단
• 20세기 가장 성공적인 국제보건
사업으로 손꼽히고 있음
그리고 추종자들
• 이버멕틴의 사례 이후 제약회사를
통한 약품 기부가 활성화됨
• 현재 소외 열대질환 부분에만 15억
달러 이상의 약품 기부
• 2000-2007년 사이 17억명
• 약 92억 달러 이상의 지원
림프사상충증
• 코끼리다리병(상피병)
• 80개국
• 1억 2천만명 감염
• 관련 장애 인구 4000만명 이상
국제 림프사상충 박멸 프로그램
• 2000년 발족
• 현재 81개국 대상 진행 중
• 2000-2009년 프로그램을 통한
약품 기부로 치료 받은 사람
• 총 2,834,432,665 명
마법의 총알?!
• 25년 이상 사용 되었으나 저항성이
나타나지 않음
• 모기에도 효과를 보여
아동 말라리아 감염률 16% 감소
2015년.
왜 기생충, 왜 이버멕틴인가
• 뛰어난 효능의 약품
• 안정적이고 광범위한 사용성
• 필요한 사람들에게 접근성 보장
• 국제사회 및 다양한 이해관계자들의 협
력과 합의
• 이런 ‘기적’들이 더 많이 만들어지기를

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이버멕틴 이야기