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ASSIGNMENT 4 – PRODUCTION COST (Please see the
Grading Guide for the assignment)
Purpose of Assignment
The materials covered this week distinguish between the
different costing methods and provides needed tools for
decision making. This case study focuses on determining
equivalent units in a production business setting.
Assignment Steps
Scenario: Davis Skaros has recently been promoted to
production manager. He has just started to receive various
managerial reports, including the production cost report you
prepared. It showed his department had 2,000 equivalent units
in ending inventory. His department has had a history of not
keeping enough inventory on hand to meet demand. He has
come to you, very angry, and wants to know why you credited
him with only 2,000 units when he knows he had at least twice
that many on hand.
Prepare a maximum 700-word informal memo and explain to
Mr. Skaros why his production cost report showed only 2,000
equivalent units in ending inventory. Using a professional tone,
explain to him clearly why your report is accurate.
Grading Guide
Content
Met
Partially Met
Not Met
Comments:
Explained to Mr. Skaros why his production
cost report showed only 2,000 equivalent
Units in ending inventory.
Explained to Mr. Skaros clearly why student’s report is
accurate.
The memo is a maximum 700 words in length.
Total Available
Total Earned
85
#/85
Writing Guidelines
Met
Partially Met
Not Met
Comments:
The paper—including tables and graphs, headings, title page,
and reference page—is consistent with APA formatting
guidelines and meets course-level requirements.
Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a
reference page.
Paragraph and sentence transitions are present, logical, and
maintain the flow throughout the paper.
Sentences are complete, clear, and concise.
Rules of grammar and usage are followed including spelling and
punctuation.
Total Available
Total Earned
35
#/35
Assignment Total
#
120
#/120
Additional comments:
ASSIGNMENT 5 – COST –VOLUME PROFIT ANALYSIS
(Please see the Grading Guide)
Purpose of Assignment
The Case Study focuses on CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit), break-
even, and margin of safety analyses which allows students to
experience working through a business scenario and applying
these tools in managerial decision making.
Show your work in Microsoft Word or Excel.
Complete calculations/computations using Microsoft Word or
Excel.
Scenario: Mary Willis is the advertising manager for Bargain
Shoe Store. She is currently working on a major promotional
campaign. Her ideas include the installation of a new lighting
system and increased display space that will add $24,000 in
fixed costs to the $270,000 in fixed costs currently spent. In
addition, Mary is proposing a 5% price decrease ($40 to $38)
will produce a 20% increase in sales volume (20,000 to 24,000).
Variable costs will remain at $24 per pair of shoes. Management
is impressed with Mary's ideas but concerned about the effects
these changes will have on the break-even point and the margin
of safety.
Assignment Steps
Complete the following:
· Compute the current break-even point in units, and compare it
to the break-even point in units if Mary's ideas are used.
· Compute the margin of safety ratio for current operations and
after Mary's changes are introduced (Round to nearest full
percent).
· Prepare a CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) income statement for
current operations and after Mary's changes are introduced.
Prepare a maximum 700-word informal memo to management
addressing Mary's suggested changes.
· Explain whether Mary's changes should be adopted. Why or
why not? Analyze the above information (three bullet points
above) and use this information to support your suggestion.
Grading Guide
Content
Met
Partially Met
Not Met
Comments:
Computed the current break-even point in units, and compared it
to the break-even point in units if Mary’s ideas were used.
Computed the margin of safety ratio for current operations and
after Mary’s changes were introduced (rounded to nearest full
percent).
Prepared a CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) income statement for
current operations and after Mary’s changes were introduced.
Explained whether Mary’s changes should be adopted. Why or
why not? Analyzed the information (first three rows above) and
used the information to support student’s suggestion.
Showed work in Microsoft® Word or
Excel®. Completedcalculations/computations
using Microsoft® Word or Excel®.
The informal memo is a maximum 700 words in length.
Total Available
Total Earned
100
#/100
Writing Guidelines
Met
Partially Met
Not Met
Comments:
The paper—including tables and graphs, headings, title page,
and reference page—is consistent with APA formatting
guidelines and meets course-level requirements.
Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a
reference page.
Paragraph and sentence transitions are present, logical, and
maintain the flow throughout the paper.
Sentences are complete, clear, and concise.
Rules of grammar and usage are followed including spelling and
punctuation.
Total Available
Total Earned
30
#/30
ASSIGNMENT -6 MANAGERIAL ANALYSIS (Please see the
Grading Guide to complete the assignment)
Purpose of Assignment
This comprehensive case requires students to evaluate a static
budget and prepare flexible budgets to meet managerial needs.
Students are required to calculate and analyze variances and
discuss how variances are critical to managerial decision
making.
Assignment Steps
Scenario: Green Pastures is a 400-acre farm on the outskirts of
the Kentucky bluegrass, specializing in the boarding of
broodmares and their foals. A recent economic downturn in the
thoroughbred industry has led to a decline in breeding
activities, and it has made the boarding business extremely
competitive. To meet the competition, Green Pastures planned
in 2017 to entertain clients, advertise more extensively, and
absorb expenses formerly paid by clients such as veterinary and
blacksmith fees.
The budget report for 2017 is presented as an attachment. As
shown, the static income statement budget for the year is based
on an expected 21,900 boarding days at $25 per mare. The
variable expenses per mare per day were budgeted: feed $5,
veterinary fees $3, blacksmith fees $0.25, and supplies
$0.55. All other budgeted expenses were either semifixed or
fixed.
During the year, management decided not to replace a worker
who quit in March, but it did issue a new advertising brochure
and did more entertaining of clients.
Develop a 700-to 1050-word examination of the financial
statements and include the following based on the static budget
report:
· What was the primary cause(s) of the loss in net income?
· Did management do a good, average, or poor job of
controlling expenses?
· Were management's decisions to stay competitive sound?
· Prepare a flexible budget report for the year.
· Based on the flexible budget report:
· What was the primary cause(s) of the loss in net income?
· Did management do a good, average, or poor job of
controlling expenses?
· Were management's decisions to stay competitive sound?
· What course of action do you recommend for the management
of Green Pastures?
Show your work in Microsoft Word or Excel.
Green Pastures
Static Budget Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
ActualMaster BudgetDifference
Number of Mares 5260 8 U
Number of Boarding Days
19,00021,9002,900 U
Sales $380,000$547,500$167,500
U
Less: Variable Expenses
Feed 104,390 109,500
5,110 F
Veterinary Fees 58,838
65,700 6,862 F
Blacksmith Fees 4,984
5,475 491 F
Supplies 10,17812,0451,867 F
Total Variable Expenses 178,390192,72014,330 F
Contribution Margin 201,610354,780153,170 U
Less: Fixed Expenses
Depreciation 40,000
40,000 -0-
Insurance 11,000 11,000 -
0-
Utilities 12,000
14,000 2,000 F
Repairs and Maintenance 10,000
11,000 1,000 F
Labor 88,000
95,000 7,000 F
Advertisement 12,000
8,000 4,000 U
Entertainment 7,0005,0002,000 U
Total Fixed Expenses 180,000184,0004,000
F
Net Income $21,610$170,780$149,170
U
Grading Guide
Content
Met
Partially Met
Not Met
Comments:
Based on the static budget report answered
the following questions:
What was the primary cause(s) of the loss in net income?
Did management do a good, average, or poor job of controlling
expenses?
Were management’s decisions to stay competitive sound?
Prepared a flexible budget report for the year.
Based on the flexible budget report, answered the following
questions:
What was the primary cause(s) of the loss in net income?
Did management do a good, average, or poor job of controlling
expenses?
Were management’s decisions to stay competitive sound?
Answered the following question:
What course of action does student recommend for the
management of Green Pastures?
Showed work in Microsoft® Word or Excel®. Completed
calculations/computations using Microsoft® Word or Excel®.
The examination is a minimum 700-to 1050- words in length.
Total Available
Total Earned
105
#/105
Writing Guidelines
Met
Partially Met
Not Met
Comments:
The paper—including tables and graphs, headings, title page,
and reference page—is consistent with APA formatting
guidelines and meets course-level requirements.
Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a
reference page.
Paragraph and sentence transitions are present, logical, and
maintain the flow throughout the paper.
Sentences are complete, clear, and concise.
Rules of grammar and usage are followed including spelling and
punctuation.
Total Available
Total Earned
45
#/45
Assignment Total
#
150
#/150
Additional comments:
Research!
Linked Assignments
Annotated Bibliography
Length: 5 citations and annotations
Value: 15%
Research Paper
Length: 2-3 pages
Value: 20%
Research Infographic Assignment
Length: One poster page
Value 10%
Annotated Bibliography
Provide a working bibliography of FIVE (5) sources, with
annotations indicating why you believe the work you have
chosen is a suitable one for your research paper. Use the
criteria from the course notes to prove that your source is
appropriate.
Each entry should include:
1. Full bibliographical information: author, title, publisher,
date, internet address (URL) or library database. For this class
we will be using APA format.
2. Two to four sentences that summarize what the
article/book/video (or other item) is about. Two to four
sentences that discuss the usefulness of this article to your
paper. One or two sentences identifying why you determined
whether this was an appropriate source.
Each of the annotations should be about a paragraph, no more
than half a page. You will be judged on accuracy, quality of
research and critical ability. Note that all five works are
expected to be judged suitable.
Sample
See handout
Research Paper
Using the Powerpoint presentation for inspiration, research a
technology, idea or concept that you would like to see
implemented in the field of public health, food security, public
art, or climate change adaptation to address an issue or problem
you have identified. Your goal is to write a short paper in which
you try to convince your audience to adopt this new technology,
concept or idea. This paper is based on the concept of a policy
briefing, though we will be adapting the format to suit our
needs.
Audience: your audience should be a person or group of people
who have the capacity to implement the technology, idea or
concept you are proposing. For example, if you think that a
great climate change adaptation idea is to build porous
sidewalks and alleys as they have in Chicago and other cities,
then you would address your paper to city council. If you think
that Camosun College should have more public art, then you
would address your paper to Camosun College Administration.
So do a bit of research and discover whom to address your paper
to.
Tone and Terminology: Make sure that the tone you use in your
writing is appropriate. In most cases, your tone should be
professional and concise. Avoid jargon that your audience
would not know. (And please remember that I need to
understand what you are writing). Your goal is to communicate,
not to confuse.
Purpose: Your purpose is to persuade your reader to adopt the
technology, idea or concept that you are presenting. Make sure
to inform your reader what the current issue or problem is, as
well as how it will be addressed by adopting the technology,
idea or concept you propose. To do this, you will have to
research what the current dialogue or conversation on the topic
is. A strong persuasive paper will include well used evidence of
both the issues at hand and the efficacy of your solution.
Format:
Title: use the title to quickly communicate the contents of the
paper memorably
Abstract (or Executive Summary): in 3-4 sentences, summarize
the key points of your paper. This should include an overview
of the problem and the proposed solution in the form of the
technology, idea or concept you are writing about.
Context: Provide the reader with some context for why the new
technology is needed. Identify and briefly discuss the problem
or issue. Use examples to illustrate your point. This is the
“They Say” portion of your paper where you can point out
problems or issues others have identified. You can use graphs,
charts or images to make it easier for your reader to follow your
information.
Recommendation: In this section, outline what you are
proposing and why it is a good choice. How will it help to solve
the problem or issue you are discussing? Are there any possible
challenges with this choice? How can you overcome these
challenges? Has the technology, idea or concept been adopted
elsewhere? How is it being used there? How effective is it in
that context? Why will it be effective in the context you
propose?
Marking Criteria:
Content:
Clearly indicates what the problem is that the new technology
or idea will solve or address. In other words, the paper provides
context.
Provides a detailed overview of the technology or idea that is
being presented.
Indicates how that technology or idea will solve or address the
problem presented.
Indicates why the technology or idea presented is a good choice.
Technique:
Uses persuasive language without being overbearing.
Uses other tools of persuasion such as rhetorical appeals and
organization appropriately.
Shows an understanding of the audience’s needs (word choice,
depth of explanation, etc.).
Expression:
Uses clear, well constructed sentences.
Uses words appropriately to create the desired tone.
Uses language appropriate to the audience (keeping in mind that
I also have to understand).
Mechanics:
Uses grammar, punctuation and spelling correctly.
Is properly formatted according to given instructions.
Research Infographic Assignment
Purpose/ Audience: Your audience is the general public. Your
purpose is to provide an overview of the research (from your
Research Essay) in an easily understandable format. You will
present this infographic to the class to share your research
findings.
Task:
Create an engaging infographic based on your research paper
findings. This infographic should present complex information
in an easily accessible format.
Use concise language, careful formatting, and appropriate
images to communicate your complex research information in a
simplistic and easy to understand format.
The most important element of this assignment is that your
information is accurate, concise, and easy to follow. The
graphic design of your infographic is secondary but still very
important (after all, you have already received a mark for your
research papers and your infographic is meant to translate that
research into a more engaging and accessible format).
I will provide a few infographic examples for you to follow.
Samples
Samples
Topics for research
Food Security
Lisa Dyson A forgotten Space Age technology could change
how we grow
food:https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_dyson_a_forgotten_space_a
ge_technology_could_change_how_we_grow_food
The Urban Aboriginal Community Kitchen Garden Project
http://www.vidinfo.org/video/28040115/the-urban-aboriginal-
community-kitchen-garden
Devita Davison: How urban agriculture is transforming Detroit:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G88JZ1DIdg8
Public Art
Cody Graham and Carey Newman, Witness Blanket:
https://m1films.ca/portfolio_page/witness-blanket/
Helen Marriage, Public art that turns cities into playgrounds of
the
imagination:https://www.ted.com/talks/helen_marriage_public_
art_that_turns_cities_into_playgrounds_of_the_imagination#t-
17864
Jody Broomfield, Chrystal Sparrow, Jordan Gallie, City of
Vancouver, First Nations Art Instilations:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9EV6ygpthc
Americans For the Arts:
Https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-topic/public-art/why-
murals
Climate change
CBC Spark: A 200-Year-Old Bicycle Design for Climate
Change: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/spark/a-200-year-old-bicycle-
inspires-design-for-climate-change-1.5141222
ITC solutions narrated by Jeffrey Sachs:
https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-
change/information-and-communications-technology-solutions
Preventing Flooding in Belford - a new approach:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFShVPlS-QQ
Ranchers Combat Overgrazing to Flight Climate Change:
https://youtu.be/ct7iQxs7RMQ
Public health
https://radiopublic.com/99pi/ep/s1!68812
Max Little, A Test For Parkinson’s With A Cell Phone:
https://www.ted.com/talks/max_little_a_test_for_parkinson_s_w
ith_a_phone_call?referrer=playlist-the_future_of_medicine
Mark Kendall A needle-free vaccine patch that’s safer and way
cheaper:
https://www.ted.com/talks/mark_kendall_demo_a_needle_free_
vaccine_patch_that_s_safer_and_way_cheaper?referrer=playlist
-the_future_of_medicine
99% Invisible: Sound and Health:
Hospitals:https://radiopublic.com/99pi/ep/s1!68812
Student Name
Class name
Date
Burdened No Longer: How Continuous Glucose Monitoring is
Revolutionary in Diabetes Care
and Why British Columbia Should Fund It
Abstract
This paper discusses what Continuous Glucose Monitoring
(CGM) technology is, and
draws on recent scientific research to explain why it is more
effective for managing blood
glucose levels and preventing adverse health outcomes in
patients with type 1 diabetes than other
methods. It further examines how, despite the health benefits
associated with CGM use, the
technology has not yet seen widespread use in Canada due to
the high out-of-pocket costs for
patients. Thus, this paper asserts that the British Columbia
Ministry of Health should begin
providing public funding for CGM devices to ensure that all
type 1 diabetics are able to access
this revolutionary technology and manage their health more
effectively.
Figure 1 (left): Woman wearing a CGM sensor (Juvenile
Diabetes Research Foundation, 2019)
Figure 2 (right): CGM sensor, insulin pump and smartphone
with glucose data (Diabetes Canada, 2018)
Context
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic, autoimmune condition
characterized by the body’s inability
to produce insulin. Without insulin, a person’s cells cannot
perform the metabolic processes
necessary for life, and so people living with diabetes follow
intensive treatment regimens of
injecting insulin and monitoring blood glucose in order to
maintain their health. Though the
management of this condition places a significant burden on the
patient, recent developments in
technology have begun to provide more effective and less
laborious methods of regulating blood
glucose. One of these technologies, Continuous Glucose
Monitoring (CGM) has demonstrated
promising benefits for alleviating the medical burdens of type 1
diabetes by reducing the
incidence of extreme hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
(Diabetes Canada, 2018). CGM involves
the insertion of a disposable electrochemical sensor into the
skin, which continuously measures
the glucose levels in subcutaneous tissue, and then wirelessly
transmits this data to the user’s
insulin pump or smartphone (Vettoretti & Facchinetti, 2019).
However, for many people living
with type 1 diabetes in Canada, CGM is a potentially life-saving
technology that remains out of
reach due to high costs (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation,
2019).
The inaccessibility of CGM technology represents a significant
problem, since studies
show that regulation of blood glucose levels using the
conventional method of self-monitoring
blood glucose (SMBG), which requires collecting small blood
samples from the fingers six to
eight times daily, is demonstrably less effective (Diabetes
Canada, 2018). Indeed, as shown in
figure 3, CGM use is associated with lower hemoglobin A1c
(HbA1c) levels, which is the
standard metric used to assess a patient’s blood glucose
regulation over a three month period
(Senn, Fischli, Slahor, Schelbert, & Henzen, 2019). This is due
in part to the fact that the blood
glucose data attained through SMBG only offers information
from individual points in time,
whereas CGM allows the patient to make more effective
treatment decisions based on 24-hour
data on their blood glucose and its trends. Considering how
long-term elevated HbA1c levels can
lead to diabetes-related complications such as kidney failure,
neuropathy and amputation, the
importance of utilizing technologies such as CGM to avoid such
outcomes becomes evident.
Figure 3: The impact of CGM use on blood glucose control
through trends in HbA1c during a
6-month study (Giani, Snelgrove, Volkening, & Laffel, 2016).
Furthermore, CGM plays a crucial role in the safety of people
with type 1 diabetes, as it
provides alerts when blood glucose is too high or too low. This
technology can prevent
life-threatening emergencies due to high or low blood glucose
by informing the user when there
is a problem and giving them the opportunity to act before
serious health problems, such as
seizures, diabetic coma, or ketoacidosis, arise. According to
Diabetes Canada, CGM use is
especially effective for type 1 diabetics who experience
frequent episodes of hypoglycemia, and
is associated with a decrease in hospitalizations for those who
use it (2018).
Finally, a 2019 study seeking to understand the benefits and
limitations of CGM use
found that while CGM is generally seen as favourable by type 1
diabetics, one of the primary
reasons for discontinuing the treatment method was the high
associated cost (Sørgård, Iversen, &
Mårtensson, 2019). As there is no national funding for CGM in
Canada (Graham, 2017), type 1
diabetics without specific private health insurance must pay
out-of-pocket for the cost of the
sensors, which ranges from $3000 to $6000 annually (Diabetes
Canada, 2018). However, the
study by Sørgård, Iversen, and Mårtensson ascertained through
interviews that many of the
diabetics who discontinued their use of CGM would resume
using the technology if the cost
barrier were to be eliminated (2019). Thus, it can be concluded
that the key to implementing
more widespread use of CGM among type 1 diabetics, and
reaping the health benefits it
provides, could be achieved by removing the barrier of cost.
Recommendation
In light of the evidence for how CGM use improves health
outcomes, and in accordance
with the recommendations of Diabetes Canada (2018), it is
imperative that the British Columbia
Ministry of Health begins providing public funding for the use
of CGM by people with type 1
diabetes. All costs associated with CGM should be covered
under the province’s health insurance
in order to ensure that every type 1 diabetic in British Columbia
can access this potentially
life-saving technology.
Though some may argue that providing this coverage would
constitute an increase in
healthcare spending that the province cannot afford, there is
evidence to indicate that this policy
would instead be cost-effective. One study tracking the public
costs of pregnancy and delivery
for 1441 diabetic women found that the overall costs for the
women regulating their glucose
using CGM was lower than for those using SMBG (Murphy,
Feig, Sanchez, de Portu, & Sale,
2019). As illustrated in Figure 4, although the immediate costs
of CGM are higher than SMBG,
this cost is offset by the reduction in length and frequency of
neonatal intensive care unit
admissions. Though this data pertains specifically to pregnant
women using CGM, the same
principle may be extrapolated to infer that the cost of providing
public funding for CGM would
be offset by the consequently reduced medical complications
associated with poor blood glucose
regulation.
Figure 4: Healthcare costs of pregnant women with type 1
diabetes when using CGM compared
to SMBG (Murphy, Feig, Sanchez, de Portu, & Sale, 2019).
Another benefit of instituting public funding of CGM would be
the opportunity to use it
in conjunction with an insulin pump. CGM sensors now have
the ability to communicate with
some insulin pumps in such a way that allows the pump to
increase or decrease insulin dosage
based on blood glucose readings (Graham, 2017). While these
so-called “closed-loop systems”
or “artificial pancreases” are still an emerging technology,
many experts expect them to quickly
become the new standard of care as they are demonstrating even
more positive effects on blood
glucose regulation than CGM or insulin pumps alone (Graham,
2017). Thus, if British Columbia
Ministry of Health was to provide CGM funding, it would
simultaneously be paving the way for
even more advanced and effective diabetes management
technology.
In conclusion, in order to improve care for type 1 diabetics
across the province and
reduce healthcare costs associated with poor blood glucose
regulation, the British Columbia
Ministry of Health must make CGM accessible through the
provision of public funding.
According to an article in the BC Medical Journal, diabetes
places a significant burden on the
province’s healthcare system, accounting for over 70% of non-
traumatic limb amputations, and
prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is expected to
continue increasing (Ur, 2018). In
order to ensure that taxpayer money is being spent effectively
and that our limited healthcare
resources are not being wasted on preventable hospitalization, it
is essential that the province
ensures all diabetics can access the care they need – not just
those wealthy enough to afford it.
As long as there remains no cure for type 1 diabetes, those
living with the condition rely on the
regulation of blood glucose for their health and survival, and
the investment in technologies like
CGM are what allow diabetics to live long, fulfilling lives.
List of Works Cited
Diabetes Canada. (2018). Continuous glucose monitoring [PDF
file]. Retrieved from
https://www.diabetes.ca/DiabetesCanadaWebsite/media/Managi
ng-My-Diabetes/Tools
and
Resources/Continuous_Glucose_Monitoring_Advocacy_Pkg_4.p
df?ext=.pdf.
Giani, E., Snelgrove, R., Volkening, L. K., & Laffel, L. M.
(2016). Continuous glucose
monitoring (CGM) adherence in youth with type 1 diabetes:
Associations with
biomedical and psychosocial variables. Journal of Diabetes
Science and Technology,
11(3), 476–483. doi: 10.1177/1932296816676280
Graham, C. (2017). Continuous glucose monitoring and global
reimbursement: An update.
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 19(S3). doi:
10.1089/dia.2017.0096
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. (2019). Making
continuous glucose monitoring
accessible to all. Retrieved from
https://www.jdrf.ca/blog/making-continuous-glucose-
monitoring-accessible-to-all/.
Murphy, H. R., Feig, D. S., Sanchez, J. J., de Portu, S., & Sale,
A. (2019). Modelling potential
cost savings from use of real-time continuous glucose
monitoring in pregnant women
with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 36(12), 1652–1658.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31162713
Nicolucci, A., Rossi, M., Dostilio, D., Delbaere, A., Portu, S.
D., & Roze, S. (2018).
Cost-effectiveness of sensor-augmented pump therapy in two
different patient
populations with type 1 diabetes in Italy. Nutrition, Metabolism
and Cardiovascular
Diseases, 28(7), 707–715. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.011
Senn, J.-D., Fischli, S., Slahor, L., Schelbert, S., & Henzen, C.
(2019). Long-term effects of
initiating continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and
continuous glucose
monitoring (CGM) in people with type 1 diabetes and
unsatisfactory diabetes control.
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 394. doi:
10.3390/jcm8030394
Sørgård, B., Iversen, M., & Mårtensson, J. (2019). Continuous
glucose monitoring in adults with
type 1 diabetes: A balance between benefits and barriers: A
critical incident study.
Journal of Clinical Nursing. Retrieved from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocn.14911?ref
errer_access_token=q1k
_7aXykr48U6_XxdyywYta6bR2k8jH0KrdpFOxC66IhzyHis-
koEHmqbXOOW96jaGP0a
MwdHAAReGIq07PWYoRJc0FjDXoxMYZNuRXa60lBkU3HQli
n4bBuaLXW2uSAdp
QKDpjlQLYlFvJBf5OBw%3D%3D
Ur, E. (2018). Diabetes in British Columbia: Starvation in the
midst of plenty. BC Medical
Journal, 60(9), 436–438. Retrieved from
https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british-
columbia-starvation-mids
t-plenty
Vettoretti, M., & Facchinetti, A. (2019). Combining continuous
glucose monitoring and insulin
pumps to automatically tune the basal insulin infusion in
diabetes therapy: a review.
BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12938-
019-0658-x
https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british-
columbia-starvation-midst-plenty
https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british-
columbia-starvation-midst-plenty
Research Paper topic confirmation
Class Number English 151 – _____
Student Name_____________________________________
This is the problem I have identified.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
This is the technology/idea/concept I would like to propose to
solve or address this.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
I plan to address my paper to this person or group of people
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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Annotated Bibliography Practice Sheet
APA Bibliographic Citation (Be sure to include the hanging
indent)
Example of a Parenthetical In-text Citation for this Source
Type of Source
(ex. journal article, book, website)
Summarize this source in one to two sentences
Explain why this is an authoritative source in one to two
sentences
Explain how this source will likely feature in your paper in one
to two sentences
Use this table as a format for your annotated bibliography.
SAMPLE:
APA Bibliographic Entry
Schmidt, L., Jacobs, L., and Spetz, P. (2016) Young people’s
more permissive views
about marijuana: Local impact of state laws or
national trend?. American Journal
of Public Health 106.8 : 1498-1503. Retrieved from
https://libsecure.camosun.bc.ca:2443/login?url=http://search.ebs
cohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=116795701&site=eds-
live>
Example of a Parenthetical In-text Citation for this Source
Type of Source
(ex. journal article, book, website, etc.)
(Schmidt, Jacobs, and Spetz, 2016, 1498)
Academic journal article
Summarize this source in one to two sentences
In their article “Young People’s More Permissive Views About
Marijuana: Local Impact of State Laws or National Trend?”
Laurie Schmidt, Laurie Jacobs, and Joanne Spetz (2016) analyze
data over a span of 10 years from the US National Survey on
Drug Use and Health (2004-2013) to determine if relaxed
medical marijuana laws within states encourage young people to
adopt a more positive stance towards marijuana. The authors
assert that, according to their analysis, while relaxed marijuana
laws within a state didn’t appear to directly result in youth
within that particular state acquiring more permissive attitudes
towards the drug, the authors did detect, over the time of the
study, a national trend of youth adopting a more positive
attitude towards the drug as some states relaxed their marijuana
laws.
Explain why this is an authoritative source in one to two
sentences
This article was published in a peer-reviewed academic journal.
Moreover, having been published just three years ago, it
provides current information on the topic.
Explain how this source will likely feature in your paper in one
to two sentences
This article provides recent evidence, in an American context,
that as states relax their marijuana laws, at the national level,
youth appear to be adopting a more positive stance towards
marijuana. This article provides support for my contention that
as Canada legalizes marijuana, Canadian youth may
increasingly view the drug as less harmful.

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ASSIGNMENT 4 – PRODUCTION COST (Please see the Grading Guide for t.docx

  • 1. ASSIGNMENT 4 – PRODUCTION COST (Please see the Grading Guide for the assignment) Purpose of Assignment The materials covered this week distinguish between the different costing methods and provides needed tools for decision making. This case study focuses on determining equivalent units in a production business setting. Assignment Steps Scenario: Davis Skaros has recently been promoted to production manager. He has just started to receive various managerial reports, including the production cost report you prepared. It showed his department had 2,000 equivalent units in ending inventory. His department has had a history of not keeping enough inventory on hand to meet demand. He has come to you, very angry, and wants to know why you credited him with only 2,000 units when he knows he had at least twice that many on hand. Prepare a maximum 700-word informal memo and explain to Mr. Skaros why his production cost report showed only 2,000 equivalent units in ending inventory. Using a professional tone, explain to him clearly why your report is accurate. Grading Guide Content Met Partially Met Not Met Comments: Explained to Mr. Skaros why his production cost report showed only 2,000 equivalent Units in ending inventory.
  • 2. Explained to Mr. Skaros clearly why student’s report is accurate. The memo is a maximum 700 words in length. Total Available Total Earned 85 #/85 Writing Guidelines Met Partially Met Not Met Comments: The paper—including tables and graphs, headings, title page, and reference page—is consistent with APA formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements.
  • 3. Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page. Paragraph and sentence transitions are present, logical, and maintain the flow throughout the paper. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. Rules of grammar and usage are followed including spelling and punctuation. Total Available Total Earned 35 #/35
  • 4. Assignment Total # 120 #/120 Additional comments: ASSIGNMENT 5 – COST –VOLUME PROFIT ANALYSIS (Please see the Grading Guide) Purpose of Assignment The Case Study focuses on CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit), break- even, and margin of safety analyses which allows students to experience working through a business scenario and applying these tools in managerial decision making. Show your work in Microsoft Word or Excel. Complete calculations/computations using Microsoft Word or
  • 5. Excel. Scenario: Mary Willis is the advertising manager for Bargain Shoe Store. She is currently working on a major promotional campaign. Her ideas include the installation of a new lighting system and increased display space that will add $24,000 in fixed costs to the $270,000 in fixed costs currently spent. In addition, Mary is proposing a 5% price decrease ($40 to $38) will produce a 20% increase in sales volume (20,000 to 24,000). Variable costs will remain at $24 per pair of shoes. Management is impressed with Mary's ideas but concerned about the effects these changes will have on the break-even point and the margin of safety. Assignment Steps Complete the following: · Compute the current break-even point in units, and compare it to the break-even point in units if Mary's ideas are used. · Compute the margin of safety ratio for current operations and after Mary's changes are introduced (Round to nearest full percent). · Prepare a CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) income statement for current operations and after Mary's changes are introduced. Prepare a maximum 700-word informal memo to management addressing Mary's suggested changes. · Explain whether Mary's changes should be adopted. Why or why not? Analyze the above information (three bullet points above) and use this information to support your suggestion. Grading Guide Content Met Partially Met Not Met Comments:
  • 6. Computed the current break-even point in units, and compared it to the break-even point in units if Mary’s ideas were used. Computed the margin of safety ratio for current operations and after Mary’s changes were introduced (rounded to nearest full percent). Prepared a CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) income statement for current operations and after Mary’s changes were introduced. Explained whether Mary’s changes should be adopted. Why or why not? Analyzed the information (first three rows above) and used the information to support student’s suggestion. Showed work in Microsoft® Word or Excel®. Completedcalculations/computations using Microsoft® Word or Excel®. The informal memo is a maximum 700 words in length.
  • 7. Total Available Total Earned 100 #/100 Writing Guidelines Met Partially Met Not Met Comments: The paper—including tables and graphs, headings, title page, and reference page—is consistent with APA formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements. Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page. Paragraph and sentence transitions are present, logical, and maintain the flow throughout the paper.
  • 8. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. Rules of grammar and usage are followed including spelling and punctuation. Total Available Total Earned 30 #/30 ASSIGNMENT -6 MANAGERIAL ANALYSIS (Please see the Grading Guide to complete the assignment) Purpose of Assignment This comprehensive case requires students to evaluate a static budget and prepare flexible budgets to meet managerial needs. Students are required to calculate and analyze variances and discuss how variances are critical to managerial decision making. Assignment Steps
  • 9. Scenario: Green Pastures is a 400-acre farm on the outskirts of the Kentucky bluegrass, specializing in the boarding of broodmares and their foals. A recent economic downturn in the thoroughbred industry has led to a decline in breeding activities, and it has made the boarding business extremely competitive. To meet the competition, Green Pastures planned in 2017 to entertain clients, advertise more extensively, and absorb expenses formerly paid by clients such as veterinary and blacksmith fees. The budget report for 2017 is presented as an attachment. As shown, the static income statement budget for the year is based on an expected 21,900 boarding days at $25 per mare. The variable expenses per mare per day were budgeted: feed $5, veterinary fees $3, blacksmith fees $0.25, and supplies $0.55. All other budgeted expenses were either semifixed or fixed. During the year, management decided not to replace a worker who quit in March, but it did issue a new advertising brochure and did more entertaining of clients. Develop a 700-to 1050-word examination of the financial statements and include the following based on the static budget report: · What was the primary cause(s) of the loss in net income? · Did management do a good, average, or poor job of controlling expenses? · Were management's decisions to stay competitive sound? · Prepare a flexible budget report for the year. · Based on the flexible budget report: · What was the primary cause(s) of the loss in net income? · Did management do a good, average, or poor job of controlling expenses? · Were management's decisions to stay competitive sound? · What course of action do you recommend for the management of Green Pastures? Show your work in Microsoft Word or Excel.
  • 10. Green Pastures Static Budget Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 ActualMaster BudgetDifference Number of Mares 5260 8 U Number of Boarding Days 19,00021,9002,900 U Sales $380,000$547,500$167,500 U Less: Variable Expenses Feed 104,390 109,500 5,110 F Veterinary Fees 58,838 65,700 6,862 F Blacksmith Fees 4,984 5,475 491 F Supplies 10,17812,0451,867 F Total Variable Expenses 178,390192,72014,330 F Contribution Margin 201,610354,780153,170 U Less: Fixed Expenses Depreciation 40,000 40,000 -0- Insurance 11,000 11,000 - 0- Utilities 12,000 14,000 2,000 F Repairs and Maintenance 10,000 11,000 1,000 F Labor 88,000 95,000 7,000 F Advertisement 12,000
  • 11. 8,000 4,000 U Entertainment 7,0005,0002,000 U Total Fixed Expenses 180,000184,0004,000 F Net Income $21,610$170,780$149,170 U Grading Guide Content Met Partially Met Not Met Comments: Based on the static budget report answered the following questions: What was the primary cause(s) of the loss in net income? Did management do a good, average, or poor job of controlling expenses? Were management’s decisions to stay competitive sound? Prepared a flexible budget report for the year. Based on the flexible budget report, answered the following questions: What was the primary cause(s) of the loss in net income? Did management do a good, average, or poor job of controlling
  • 12. expenses? Were management’s decisions to stay competitive sound? Answered the following question: What course of action does student recommend for the management of Green Pastures? Showed work in Microsoft® Word or Excel®. Completed calculations/computations using Microsoft® Word or Excel®. The examination is a minimum 700-to 1050- words in length. Total Available Total Earned 105 #/105
  • 13. Writing Guidelines Met Partially Met Not Met Comments: The paper—including tables and graphs, headings, title page, and reference page—is consistent with APA formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements. Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page. Paragraph and sentence transitions are present, logical, and maintain the flow throughout the paper. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. Rules of grammar and usage are followed including spelling and punctuation.
  • 14. Total Available Total Earned 45 #/45 Assignment Total # 150 #/150 Additional comments: Research! Linked Assignments Annotated Bibliography
  • 15. Length: 5 citations and annotations Value: 15% Research Paper Length: 2-3 pages Value: 20% Research Infographic Assignment Length: One poster page Value 10% Annotated Bibliography Provide a working bibliography of FIVE (5) sources, with annotations indicating why you believe the work you have chosen is a suitable one for your research paper. Use the criteria from the course notes to prove that your source is appropriate. Each entry should include: 1. Full bibliographical information: author, title, publisher, date, internet address (URL) or library database. For this class we will be using APA format. 2. Two to four sentences that summarize what the article/book/video (or other item) is about. Two to four sentences that discuss the usefulness of this article to your paper. One or two sentences identifying why you determined whether this was an appropriate source. Each of the annotations should be about a paragraph, no more than half a page. You will be judged on accuracy, quality of research and critical ability. Note that all five works are expected to be judged suitable. Sample
  • 16. See handout Research Paper Using the Powerpoint presentation for inspiration, research a technology, idea or concept that you would like to see implemented in the field of public health, food security, public art, or climate change adaptation to address an issue or problem you have identified. Your goal is to write a short paper in which you try to convince your audience to adopt this new technology, concept or idea. This paper is based on the concept of a policy briefing, though we will be adapting the format to suit our needs. Audience: your audience should be a person or group of people who have the capacity to implement the technology, idea or concept you are proposing. For example, if you think that a great climate change adaptation idea is to build porous sidewalks and alleys as they have in Chicago and other cities, then you would address your paper to city council. If you think that Camosun College should have more public art, then you would address your paper to Camosun College Administration. So do a bit of research and discover whom to address your paper to. Tone and Terminology: Make sure that the tone you use in your writing is appropriate. In most cases, your tone should be professional and concise. Avoid jargon that your audience would not know. (And please remember that I need to understand what you are writing). Your goal is to communicate, not to confuse. Purpose: Your purpose is to persuade your reader to adopt the technology, idea or concept that you are presenting. Make sure to inform your reader what the current issue or problem is, as well as how it will be addressed by adopting the technology, idea or concept you propose. To do this, you will have to research what the current dialogue or conversation on the topic is. A strong persuasive paper will include well used evidence of
  • 17. both the issues at hand and the efficacy of your solution. Format: Title: use the title to quickly communicate the contents of the paper memorably Abstract (or Executive Summary): in 3-4 sentences, summarize the key points of your paper. This should include an overview of the problem and the proposed solution in the form of the technology, idea or concept you are writing about. Context: Provide the reader with some context for why the new technology is needed. Identify and briefly discuss the problem or issue. Use examples to illustrate your point. This is the “They Say” portion of your paper where you can point out problems or issues others have identified. You can use graphs, charts or images to make it easier for your reader to follow your information. Recommendation: In this section, outline what you are proposing and why it is a good choice. How will it help to solve the problem or issue you are discussing? Are there any possible challenges with this choice? How can you overcome these challenges? Has the technology, idea or concept been adopted elsewhere? How is it being used there? How effective is it in that context? Why will it be effective in the context you propose? Marking Criteria: Content: Clearly indicates what the problem is that the new technology or idea will solve or address. In other words, the paper provides context.
  • 18. Provides a detailed overview of the technology or idea that is being presented. Indicates how that technology or idea will solve or address the problem presented. Indicates why the technology or idea presented is a good choice. Technique: Uses persuasive language without being overbearing. Uses other tools of persuasion such as rhetorical appeals and organization appropriately. Shows an understanding of the audience’s needs (word choice, depth of explanation, etc.). Expression: Uses clear, well constructed sentences. Uses words appropriately to create the desired tone. Uses language appropriate to the audience (keeping in mind that I also have to understand). Mechanics: Uses grammar, punctuation and spelling correctly. Is properly formatted according to given instructions. Research Infographic Assignment Purpose/ Audience: Your audience is the general public. Your purpose is to provide an overview of the research (from your Research Essay) in an easily understandable format. You will present this infographic to the class to share your research findings. Task: Create an engaging infographic based on your research paper findings. This infographic should present complex information
  • 19. in an easily accessible format. Use concise language, careful formatting, and appropriate images to communicate your complex research information in a simplistic and easy to understand format. The most important element of this assignment is that your information is accurate, concise, and easy to follow. The graphic design of your infographic is secondary but still very important (after all, you have already received a mark for your research papers and your infographic is meant to translate that research into a more engaging and accessible format). I will provide a few infographic examples for you to follow. Samples Samples Topics for research Food Security Lisa Dyson A forgotten Space Age technology could change how we grow food:https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_dyson_a_forgotten_space_a ge_technology_could_change_how_we_grow_food The Urban Aboriginal Community Kitchen Garden Project http://www.vidinfo.org/video/28040115/the-urban-aboriginal-
  • 20. community-kitchen-garden Devita Davison: How urban agriculture is transforming Detroit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G88JZ1DIdg8 Public Art Cody Graham and Carey Newman, Witness Blanket: https://m1films.ca/portfolio_page/witness-blanket/ Helen Marriage, Public art that turns cities into playgrounds of the imagination:https://www.ted.com/talks/helen_marriage_public_ art_that_turns_cities_into_playgrounds_of_the_imagination#t- 17864 Jody Broomfield, Chrystal Sparrow, Jordan Gallie, City of Vancouver, First Nations Art Instilations: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9EV6ygpthc Americans For the Arts: Https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-topic/public-art/why- murals Climate change CBC Spark: A 200-Year-Old Bicycle Design for Climate Change: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/spark/a-200-year-old-bicycle- inspires-design-for-climate-change-1.5141222 ITC solutions narrated by Jeffrey Sachs: https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for- change/information-and-communications-technology-solutions Preventing Flooding in Belford - a new approach: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFShVPlS-QQ
  • 21. Ranchers Combat Overgrazing to Flight Climate Change: https://youtu.be/ct7iQxs7RMQ Public health https://radiopublic.com/99pi/ep/s1!68812 Max Little, A Test For Parkinson’s With A Cell Phone: https://www.ted.com/talks/max_little_a_test_for_parkinson_s_w ith_a_phone_call?referrer=playlist-the_future_of_medicine Mark Kendall A needle-free vaccine patch that’s safer and way cheaper: https://www.ted.com/talks/mark_kendall_demo_a_needle_free_ vaccine_patch_that_s_safer_and_way_cheaper?referrer=playlist -the_future_of_medicine 99% Invisible: Sound and Health: Hospitals:https://radiopublic.com/99pi/ep/s1!68812 Student Name Class name Date
  • 22. Burdened No Longer: How Continuous Glucose Monitoring is Revolutionary in Diabetes Care and Why British Columbia Should Fund It Abstract This paper discusses what Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) technology is, and draws on recent scientific research to explain why it is more effective for managing blood glucose levels and preventing adverse health outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes than other methods. It further examines how, despite the health benefits associated with CGM use, the technology has not yet seen widespread use in Canada due to the high out-of-pocket costs for patients. Thus, this paper asserts that the British Columbia Ministry of Health should begin providing public funding for CGM devices to ensure that all type 1 diabetics are able to access this revolutionary technology and manage their health more effectively. Figure 1 (left): Woman wearing a CGM sensor (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, 2019) Figure 2 (right): CGM sensor, insulin pump and smartphone with glucose data (Diabetes Canada, 2018)
  • 23. Context Type 1 diabetes is a chronic, autoimmune condition characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin. Without insulin, a person’s cells cannot perform the metabolic processes necessary for life, and so people living with diabetes follow intensive treatment regimens of injecting insulin and monitoring blood glucose in order to maintain their health. Though the management of this condition places a significant burden on the patient, recent developments in technology have begun to provide more effective and less laborious methods of regulating blood glucose. One of these technologies, Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) has demonstrated promising benefits for alleviating the medical burdens of type 1 diabetes by reducing the incidence of extreme hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (Diabetes Canada, 2018). CGM involves the insertion of a disposable electrochemical sensor into the skin, which continuously measures the glucose levels in subcutaneous tissue, and then wirelessly
  • 24. transmits this data to the user’s insulin pump or smartphone (Vettoretti & Facchinetti, 2019). However, for many people living with type 1 diabetes in Canada, CGM is a potentially life-saving technology that remains out of reach due to high costs (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, 2019). The inaccessibility of CGM technology represents a significant problem, since studies show that regulation of blood glucose levels using the conventional method of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG), which requires collecting small blood samples from the fingers six to eight times daily, is demonstrably less effective (Diabetes Canada, 2018). Indeed, as shown in figure 3, CGM use is associated with lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, which is the standard metric used to assess a patient’s blood glucose regulation over a three month period (Senn, Fischli, Slahor, Schelbert, & Henzen, 2019). This is due in part to the fact that the blood glucose data attained through SMBG only offers information from individual points in time,
  • 25. whereas CGM allows the patient to make more effective treatment decisions based on 24-hour data on their blood glucose and its trends. Considering how long-term elevated HbA1c levels can lead to diabetes-related complications such as kidney failure, neuropathy and amputation, the importance of utilizing technologies such as CGM to avoid such outcomes becomes evident. Figure 3: The impact of CGM use on blood glucose control through trends in HbA1c during a 6-month study (Giani, Snelgrove, Volkening, & Laffel, 2016). Furthermore, CGM plays a crucial role in the safety of people with type 1 diabetes, as it provides alerts when blood glucose is too high or too low. This technology can prevent life-threatening emergencies due to high or low blood glucose by informing the user when there is a problem and giving them the opportunity to act before serious health problems, such as seizures, diabetic coma, or ketoacidosis, arise. According to Diabetes Canada, CGM use is especially effective for type 1 diabetics who experience frequent episodes of hypoglycemia, and
  • 26. is associated with a decrease in hospitalizations for those who use it (2018). Finally, a 2019 study seeking to understand the benefits and limitations of CGM use found that while CGM is generally seen as favourable by type 1 diabetics, one of the primary reasons for discontinuing the treatment method was the high associated cost (Sørgård, Iversen, & Mårtensson, 2019). As there is no national funding for CGM in Canada (Graham, 2017), type 1 diabetics without specific private health insurance must pay out-of-pocket for the cost of the sensors, which ranges from $3000 to $6000 annually (Diabetes Canada, 2018). However, the study by Sørgård, Iversen, and Mårtensson ascertained through interviews that many of the diabetics who discontinued their use of CGM would resume using the technology if the cost barrier were to be eliminated (2019). Thus, it can be concluded that the key to implementing more widespread use of CGM among type 1 diabetics, and reaping the health benefits it
  • 27. provides, could be achieved by removing the barrier of cost. Recommendation In light of the evidence for how CGM use improves health outcomes, and in accordance with the recommendations of Diabetes Canada (2018), it is imperative that the British Columbia Ministry of Health begins providing public funding for the use of CGM by people with type 1 diabetes. All costs associated with CGM should be covered under the province’s health insurance in order to ensure that every type 1 diabetic in British Columbia can access this potentially life-saving technology. Though some may argue that providing this coverage would constitute an increase in healthcare spending that the province cannot afford, there is evidence to indicate that this policy would instead be cost-effective. One study tracking the public costs of pregnancy and delivery for 1441 diabetic women found that the overall costs for the women regulating their glucose using CGM was lower than for those using SMBG (Murphy, Feig, Sanchez, de Portu, & Sale,
  • 28. 2019). As illustrated in Figure 4, although the immediate costs of CGM are higher than SMBG, this cost is offset by the reduction in length and frequency of neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Though this data pertains specifically to pregnant women using CGM, the same principle may be extrapolated to infer that the cost of providing public funding for CGM would be offset by the consequently reduced medical complications associated with poor blood glucose regulation. Figure 4: Healthcare costs of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes when using CGM compared to SMBG (Murphy, Feig, Sanchez, de Portu, & Sale, 2019). Another benefit of instituting public funding of CGM would be the opportunity to use it in conjunction with an insulin pump. CGM sensors now have the ability to communicate with some insulin pumps in such a way that allows the pump to increase or decrease insulin dosage
  • 29. based on blood glucose readings (Graham, 2017). While these so-called “closed-loop systems” or “artificial pancreases” are still an emerging technology, many experts expect them to quickly become the new standard of care as they are demonstrating even more positive effects on blood glucose regulation than CGM or insulin pumps alone (Graham, 2017). Thus, if British Columbia Ministry of Health was to provide CGM funding, it would simultaneously be paving the way for even more advanced and effective diabetes management technology. In conclusion, in order to improve care for type 1 diabetics across the province and reduce healthcare costs associated with poor blood glucose regulation, the British Columbia Ministry of Health must make CGM accessible through the provision of public funding. According to an article in the BC Medical Journal, diabetes places a significant burden on the province’s healthcare system, accounting for over 70% of non- traumatic limb amputations, and prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is expected to
  • 30. continue increasing (Ur, 2018). In order to ensure that taxpayer money is being spent effectively and that our limited healthcare resources are not being wasted on preventable hospitalization, it is essential that the province ensures all diabetics can access the care they need – not just those wealthy enough to afford it. As long as there remains no cure for type 1 diabetes, those living with the condition rely on the regulation of blood glucose for their health and survival, and the investment in technologies like CGM are what allow diabetics to live long, fulfilling lives. List of Works Cited Diabetes Canada. (2018). Continuous glucose monitoring [PDF file]. Retrieved from https://www.diabetes.ca/DiabetesCanadaWebsite/media/Managi ng-My-Diabetes/Tools
  • 31. and Resources/Continuous_Glucose_Monitoring_Advocacy_Pkg_4.p df?ext=.pdf. Giani, E., Snelgrove, R., Volkening, L. K., & Laffel, L. M. (2016). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) adherence in youth with type 1 diabetes: Associations with biomedical and psychosocial variables. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 11(3), 476–483. doi: 10.1177/1932296816676280 Graham, C. (2017). Continuous glucose monitoring and global reimbursement: An update. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 19(S3). doi: 10.1089/dia.2017.0096 Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. (2019). Making continuous glucose monitoring accessible to all. Retrieved from https://www.jdrf.ca/blog/making-continuous-glucose- monitoring-accessible-to-all/. Murphy, H. R., Feig, D. S., Sanchez, J. J., de Portu, S., & Sale, A. (2019). Modelling potential cost savings from use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women
  • 32. with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 36(12), 1652–1658. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31162713 Nicolucci, A., Rossi, M., Dostilio, D., Delbaere, A., Portu, S. D., & Roze, S. (2018). Cost-effectiveness of sensor-augmented pump therapy in two different patient populations with type 1 diabetes in Italy. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 28(7), 707–715. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.011 Senn, J.-D., Fischli, S., Slahor, L., Schelbert, S., & Henzen, C. (2019). Long-term effects of initiating continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in people with type 1 diabetes and unsatisfactory diabetes control. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 394. doi: 10.3390/jcm8030394 Sørgård, B., Iversen, M., & Mårtensson, J. (2019). Continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: A balance between benefits and barriers: A critical incident study.
  • 33. Journal of Clinical Nursing. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocn.14911?ref errer_access_token=q1k _7aXykr48U6_XxdyywYta6bR2k8jH0KrdpFOxC66IhzyHis- koEHmqbXOOW96jaGP0a MwdHAAReGIq07PWYoRJc0FjDXoxMYZNuRXa60lBkU3HQli n4bBuaLXW2uSAdp QKDpjlQLYlFvJBf5OBw%3D%3D Ur, E. (2018). Diabetes in British Columbia: Starvation in the midst of plenty. BC Medical Journal, 60(9), 436–438. Retrieved from https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british- columbia-starvation-mids t-plenty Vettoretti, M., & Facchinetti, A. (2019). Combining continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pumps to automatically tune the basal insulin infusion in diabetes therapy: a review. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12938- 019-0658-x https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british- columbia-starvation-midst-plenty
  • 34. https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british- columbia-starvation-midst-plenty Research Paper topic confirmation Class Number English 151 – _____ Student Name_____________________________________ This is the problem I have identified. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ This is the technology/idea/concept I would like to propose to solve or address this. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ I plan to address my paper to this person or group of people _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Annotated Bibliography Practice Sheet APA Bibliographic Citation (Be sure to include the hanging indent)
  • 35. Example of a Parenthetical In-text Citation for this Source Type of Source (ex. journal article, book, website) Summarize this source in one to two sentences Explain why this is an authoritative source in one to two sentences Explain how this source will likely feature in your paper in one to two sentences Use this table as a format for your annotated bibliography. SAMPLE:
  • 36. APA Bibliographic Entry Schmidt, L., Jacobs, L., and Spetz, P. (2016) Young people’s more permissive views about marijuana: Local impact of state laws or national trend?. American Journal of Public Health 106.8 : 1498-1503. Retrieved from https://libsecure.camosun.bc.ca:2443/login?url=http://search.ebs cohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=116795701&site=eds- live> Example of a Parenthetical In-text Citation for this Source Type of Source (ex. journal article, book, website, etc.) (Schmidt, Jacobs, and Spetz, 2016, 1498) Academic journal article Summarize this source in one to two sentences In their article “Young People’s More Permissive Views About Marijuana: Local Impact of State Laws or National Trend?” Laurie Schmidt, Laurie Jacobs, and Joanne Spetz (2016) analyze data over a span of 10 years from the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2004-2013) to determine if relaxed medical marijuana laws within states encourage young people to adopt a more positive stance towards marijuana. The authors assert that, according to their analysis, while relaxed marijuana laws within a state didn’t appear to directly result in youth within that particular state acquiring more permissive attitudes towards the drug, the authors did detect, over the time of the study, a national trend of youth adopting a more positive attitude towards the drug as some states relaxed their marijuana laws. Explain why this is an authoritative source in one to two sentences This article was published in a peer-reviewed academic journal.
  • 37. Moreover, having been published just three years ago, it provides current information on the topic. Explain how this source will likely feature in your paper in one to two sentences This article provides recent evidence, in an American context, that as states relax their marijuana laws, at the national level, youth appear to be adopting a more positive stance towards marijuana. This article provides support for my contention that as Canada legalizes marijuana, Canadian youth may increasingly view the drug as less harmful.