2. Genes Gene – a segment of DNA molecules Carry vital hereditary information in organisms Determine traits of individuals Hair color, height, blood type etc.
3. Double Helix Model ‘Spiral Staircase’ appearance Found in DNA and some RNA Nucleic Acids connected by nucleotides Phosphate bonds between nucleotides
4. Rosalind Franklin July 25, 1920 – April 16, 1958 British scientist who observed DNA First to examine Double Helix model Used X-Ray diffraction method
5. James Watson & Francis Crick Scientists who ‘borrowed’ Rosalind Franklin’s research Credited for the discovery of Double Helix 1953 - Proposed the Double Helix Model
7. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Contains the genetic material Inherited by younger generations Composed of nucleic acids
8. DNA Nucleotides Molecules that compose structural units of DNA Purines & Pyrimidines cannot bond with eachother Purines Guanine and Adenine Pyrimidines Cytosine and Thymine
9. RNA Ribonucleic Acid Different types with different functions Composed of different substances Phosphate Ribose sugar Nitrogenous base
10. RNA Nucleotides Molecules that compose structural units of RNA Pyridimines Cytosine and Uracil Purines Guanine and Adenine
11. Nucleotide Functions Building blocks of DNA and RNA Assist in cell metabolism Chemical energy sources (ATP) Cellular signaling Participate in enzyme reactions
12. Types of RNA mRNA (Messenger RNA) Carries coding data to protein synthesis tRNA (Transfer RNA) Transfers amino acids to polypeptide chains rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) Decodes mRNA and interacts with tRNA
13. Genetic Mutations Changes in the genomic sequence Causes: radiation, viruses, DNA replication mistakes Detrimental Mutations CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis) Beneficial Mutations CCR5 (AIDS)
14. DNA vs RNA DNA Always double stranded Thymine Longer Helices RNA Different types Additional Oxygen Uracil Less stable
15. Summary DNA and RNA are composed of nucleic acids DNA carries hereditary information RNA has different types and functions Double Helix Structure Franklin, Watson and Crick
16. Citations Center for Image in Science and Art, “Picture n 52 – DNA at X-Ray” January 12, 2010, via Flickr , Creative Commons Attribution Erlon BR, “Watson Crick” May 30, 2008, via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution Richard Wheeler, “File:A-DNA, B-DNA and Z-DNA.png” May 16, 2007, via Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution John Haver, “Four Nucleotides” April 28, 2009, via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution Winton Snyman, “Nucleotides” December 19, 2006, via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
