3. We will not forget the Archaea
Have no cell nucleus or any other
membrane organelles within their
cells.
In the past they were viewed as an
unusual group of bacteria and named
archaebacteria but since the Archaea
have an independent evolutionary
history and show many differences in
their biochemistry from other forms
of life.
They are now classified as a separate
domain
5. Classification of Bacteria
Classification – ordering
Nomenclature – naming
Often immortalizes the person
who discovered it or its origin
◦ Escherichia coli Theodor
Escherich
◦ coli from colon
Distinguishing –identification
6. Classification of Bacteria
*Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
*Genus ( 1st name)
*Species ( 2nd name identifier)
Remember: King Philip Came
Over For Good Spaghetti
7. Classification of Bacteria
Morphology – shape, color,
gram specificity
Metabolism
Molecular techniques –
Forensics, DNA finger
prints, RNA, protein
analysis
8. 1 Gram Negative Spiral Bacteria
Slender and flexible, come in a
lot of different shapes
More rigid than spirochetes
Ex. – Campylobacter jejuni
◦ Symptom – tenesmus: the
sensation of desire to
defecate, which is common
and occurs frequently , with
out the production of
significant amounts of feces
(often small amounts of
mucous or blood are alone
passed).
13. Gram Negative Aerobic Rods
◦ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(pigmented)
Needs moisture
Common in hospitals
Opportunistic pathogen –
causes UTI, skin, and lung
infection
14. Vibrio
◦ V. cholerae
Most well known of group
Very severe dysentery. Can lose
10-15 liters of water/day. Leads
to hypovolemia – low water, hardly
any water in body
◦ V. vulnificus
Very pathogenic
Can cause flesh eating disease,
if it gets in a wound
◦ V. parahaemolyticus
Found in shellfish – oysters
Halophile – loves salt (will find in oceans, estuaries)
Self limiting
4 Gram Negative Facultative Rods
16. 5 Gram Negative Anaerobic Rods
Fusobacterium
◦ Live in between teeth and
gums
◦ Cause tooth abscesses
and periodontal disease
◦ Teeth have nothing to
anchor – bone is
destroyed
17. 6 Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli
(plump rods)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae –
Usually a diplococcus in
PMN
Sexually Transmitted
Disease
very antibiotic resistant
18. Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli (plump
rods)
Neisseria meningitidis
very infectious and
communicable.
19. Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli (plump
rods)
Acinetobacter baumanni iv.
lwoffi
opportunistic, UTI, skin,
and upper respiratory
20. 7 Chlamydia Gram Negative Rods (Transitional)
Very short little rods
Gram negative
Transitional – doesn’t hold stain
well
Do not have the ability to
synthesize own ATP, therefore and
obligate intracellular parasite of
other animals (humans)
Can go asymptomatic for a long
time
Ex.
◦ C. trachomatis – STD, causes eye
infection
◦ C. psittaci – parrot (associated
with birds)
21. 8 Rickettsia Gram Negative Rod (Transitional)
Small gram negative rods
Transitional – doesn’t hold
stain well
Can’t synthesize it’s own
NAD, coenzyme A, therefore
an obligate intracellular
parasite
Causative agent of Rocky
Mountain Spotted Fever
Example
◦ R. Prowazekii
22. 9 Mycoplasma Gram Positive (Transitional )
Gram positive – only because
they take in dye in cell
membrane but it washes away
Transitional – doesn’t hold stain
well.
Have no cell wall
Can not treat with penicillin
Ex.
◦ Mycoplasma pneumoniae – causes
LRTI
◦ Ureaplasma urealyticum – causes UTI
◦ Both imbed themselves in the tissue.
The most cell damage is done by the
immune system destroying the
tissue.
23. 10 Gram Positive Cocci
Staphyloccocus aureus
MRSA
These bacteria can break
down all tissues of body.
25. 11 Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores
Example
◦ Clostridium tetani
26. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores
Example
C. perfringens – gangrene
27. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Difficult to get rid of
because of endospores
Common in hospitals
Example
C. difficile
antibiotic associated
pseudmembraneous
enterocolitis
32. 13 Mycobacteria
Gram positive and Acid Fast
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Respiratory Pathogen
MDR-TB
In the 1950s we sent people
with TB to the sanitariums
33. Mycobacteria
Gram positive and Acid Fast
◦ M. avium intracellular complex
(MAC)
Really bad bug
Currently no drugs can cure it
Especially bad for people with
AIDS
Can cause atypical TB
34. Mycobacteria
Gram positive and Acid Fast
◦ M. leprae
Causative agent of leprosy
Not very common
Only affects areas of body
that are below body
temperature
Natural reservoir is the
armadillo
