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अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)

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ताज़ियादारी करना जाईज़ है (Taziyadari Karna Jaiz Va Sawabe Darain Hai)

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enkj cqd fMiks eduiqj ¼dkuiqj½ 09695661767 v+t+ers rkft+;knkjh eqv+fYyQ+ Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh
uke fdrkc& v+t+ers rkft+;knkjh eqv+fYyQ+& Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh ut+js lkuh& ekSykuk fljktqn~nhu okjlh lus b’kkv+r& tqykbZ&2016 jet+kuqy eqckjd ¼1437 fgt+jh½ dEiksfta+x& veu & t+Suqy vkcnhu d+her& 80 :i;s v+t+ers rkft+;knkjh © tqeyk gqdw+d+ ukf’kj ds fy;s egQwt+ gaS &% feyus ds irs %&&% feyus ds irs %& enkj cqd fMiks eduiqj ¼dkuiqj½ 09695661767 enkj cqd fMiks tkosn cqd lsyj djgy ¼eSuiqjh½ 09634447000 tkosn cqd lsyj mnZw cqd gkml rykd egy ¼dkuiqj½ 09389837386]09559032415 mnZw cqd gkmlvuokj mnZw cqd fMiks fclkr [kkuk eSuiqjh 09319086703 vuokj mnZw cqd fMiks
Q+sgfjLr et+kehu u0 ‘kqekj lQ+gk 01& v+t+sZ eqv+fYyQ+ ----------------------- 02& eukfd+cs vgys cSr vrgkj dqjku dh jks’kuh esa ----------------- 03& eukfd+cs vgys cSr vrgkj vgknhl dh jks’kuh esa -------------- 04& reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr tUurh gSa --------------------------- 05& vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus okys tgUuqeh gSa ------------------------- 06& vgys cSr dh eqgCcr okftc gS ------- 07& gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ds eukfd+c ------------- 08& [kkrwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek lykeqYykg v+ySgk ds eukfd+c -------- 09& eukfd+cs gluSu djheSu v+ySfgeqLlyke ------------------------ fgLlk nkse 10& rkft+;knkjh ds tkbt+ gksus ds ‘kjbZ nykby ------------------------ fgLlk lkse 11& rkft+;knkjh ,d egcwc o ed+cwy v+ey gS --------------------- 07 09 26 30 40 44 49 68 78 111 163 &% fgLlk vOoy %&
vYg+Enq fyYykfg jfCcy v+kyehu oLlykrq oLlykeq v+yk lb;fny eqjlyhu vEek ckv+n Q+v+kmtw fcYykgh feu’’kSrkfujZjthe fclfeYyk fgjZjg+ekfujZ reke [kwfc;k¡ vkSj rkjhQsa flQ+Z vYykg rv+kyk ds fy;s gSa tks reke dk;ukr dk ,d vdsyk ekfyd o [k+kfyd+ gS ftlus viuh jg+er o esgjckuh dh pknj ls vius cUnksa dks <k¡i j[kk gS ftlus dk;ukr dh r[k+yhd+ o rjrhc dks gqLuks teky c[+’kk tks fnyks ds iks’khnk jkt+ks ij eqRrykv+ gS tks reke fg+derksa o xS+cksa dk tkuus okyk gS dk;ukr dk dksbZ ,slk t+jkZ ugha tks mldh gEnks luk u djrk gks gj ‘kS% mlds rkcSv+ o d+Ct+s dqnjr esa gS tks viuh c<+kbZ vkSj cqyUnh esa ;drk gS mldk dksbZ ‘kjhd ugha tks usv+ers vkSj fjT+d+ v+rk djus okyk] fgnk;r nsus okyk] fgQ+kt+r djus okyk] cM+k c[+’kus okyk vkSj nq:nks lyke gks jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij tks t+kfgj o ckfru esa rb;c o rkfgj gSa tks reke ,s+cks ud+kbl ls ikd m+ywes xS+c ds tkuus okys gSa ftUgas vYykg rv+kyk us uwj o fgnk;r ds lkFk ecÅ+l Q+jek;k ftuds uwj ls nks v+kye esa mtkyk gS vYykg rv+kyk us ftUgas dkSlj v+rk dh ftl ij jkst+s d+;ker I;kls eksfeu vk;saxs vkSj lSjkc gksdj tk;saxs ftUgkasus xqejkfg;ksa ds va/ksjksa ls fudkydj jkgs fgnk;r vkSj jkgs futkr fn[kkbZ vYykg rv+kyk us vius gchc dks vkSlkQ+ o 786@92 5 jg+he0 fugk;r esgjcku vkSj csgn dje djus okyk gSA
v[k+ykd+ esa cqyUn vkSj cs feLy vkSj reke vfEc;kfdjke dk ljnkj vkSj vius uwj ls gqtwjs ikd dk ftLes vr~gj dks r[k+yhd+ fd;k ftudk vkSj jger o lykerh gks vkids vgys cSr vrgkj ij tks nhu dh fgQ+kt+r vkSj cd+k ds fy;s dqjcku gks x;s tks jkst+s d+;ker eqfgCckus vgys cSr dh futkr dk t+fj;k gksaxs vkSj gj vkQ+r o elkbc ds njfe;ku <+ky gksaxs vkSj jger o lykerh gks vkidh vt+okts eqrg~jkr vkSj vkidh vky o vlgko vkSj reke vkSfy;k&,&fdjke o lwfQ;k&,& fdjke ij vkSj mu ij tks vYykg rv+kyk ds 6 t+kfgj o ckfru lc uwj gSA eqd+jZc o e[k+lwl cUns gSA
&% v+t+sZ eqv+fYyQ+ %&&% v+t+sZ eqv+fYyQ+ %& vyg+Enq fyYykfg jfCcy v+kyehu vYykg rv+kyk dk yk[k yk[k ‘kqØ o ,glku gS ftldh rkSQ+hd+ ls eq> g+d+hj ljkik rd+lhj dks ;s fdrkc fy[kus dh lv+knr gkfly gqbZ gkyk¡fd eSa blds d+kfcy u Fkk exj esjs jc us vius egcwc ljojs dk;ukr lYyykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr vkSj muds ukySus ikd ds lnds+ vkSj vius gchc jgers nks v+kye lYyykgq v+ySg olYye ds ts+js b+uk;r gesa bl ‘kjQ+ ls cgjs;kc Q+jek;k o v+rk;s ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk djeYykgq otgqy djhe o dje gt+jr x+kSlqy vkt+e v+Cnqy d+kfnj thykuh jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq o QS+t+s :gkuh [+oktk x+jhc uokt+ o reke vkys jlwy o ut+js dje ihjks eqf’kZn gt+jr lb;n moSl eqLrQ+k lkgc fcyxzkeh o cjdkr tqeyk vkSfy;k&,&fdjke o lwfQ+;k&,&fdjke vkSj cqtqxkZus nhu dh b+uk;rs ‘ks[kqy bLyke Mk0 eqgEen rkfgjqy d+knjh lkg+c fd+Cyk tks b+Yeks Q+u esa cgjs t+[+[+kkj vkSj oyh vYykg gSa ftuds cs’kqekj f[k+rkckr o dqrqc ls eSus dlhj b+Ye gkfly fd;k gS eSa vYykg rv+kyk ls nqv+k xks gw¡ fd vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r vius egcwc ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyykgq v+ySg olYye ds lnd+s o rqQS+y Mk0 eqgEen rkfgjqy d+knjh lkg+c dh nhuh f[k+nekr dks ‘kjQ+s ed+cwfy;r v+rk Q+jek;s vkSj mUgsa vius eqd+jZchu o e[k+lwl cUnksa dh QsgfjLr esa txg v+rk Q+jek;s vkSj muds b+Yeks Q+u o ed+kes vkyk 7 dje fd eSa m+ywe o ekv+jQr ls Q+St+;kc gqvkA
o njtkr esa bt+kQ+k djs vkSj gqtwj lYyykgq v+ySg olYye o vgys cSr vrgkj dh bfUrgkbZ eqgCcr vkSj xqykeh ls mudh okcLrxh d+k;e o nk;e j[ksA bl fdrkc dh rkyhQ+ dk ed+ln o lcc ;s gS fd vgys cSr vrgkj dh d+njks efUt+yr o ed+keks ejrcr dks ckt+ yksx r[k+Q+hQ+ djrs gq;s de ntsZ ds ft+eu esa ysrs gSa o fnyksa esa mudh eqgCcr o ‘kkuks v+t+er dks oks ed+ke ugha nsrs ftl ‘kk;kus ‘kku ds oks lt+kokj gSa vgys cSr vrgkj dh ikd o rkfgj t+kr v+t+he ‘kkuks v+t+er o d+njks efUt+yr o vkyk flQ+kr dh gkfey gS ;s bUlkuh ‘kjkQ+r o v+t+er ds cqyUn ed+ke ij Q+kbt+ gSa budh lhjrs rb;ck ,S+u lhjrs eqLrQ+k Fkh buds reke vkeky gqtwj lYyykgq v+ySg olYye dh lhjr o lqUur ds csgrjhu uewuk Fks buds vd+oky o vQ+v+ky fgnk;rs vgys cSr vrgkj ds eukfd+c o Q+t+kby ls okcLrk okD+;kr o vgknhl eqckjdk ds i<+us o lquus ls bZeku esa rkt+xh o fu[kkj vkSj fnyksa esa uwjkuh jks’kuh vkSj bZeku esa iq[+rxh vkrh gS vkSj bUlku dks ulhgr o fgnk;r gkfly gksrh gS vkSj :g eqrkflj gksrh gS vkSj v+kft+t+h o bfUdlkjh o roDdqy vkSj b+cknr o bLykgs u¶+l tSls cs’kqekj lcd+ gesa feyrs gSa tks nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa gekjs fy;s ckbls [k+Sj gksrs gSa vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r eq> gd+hj dh bl rkyhQ+ dks jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh ¼09897626182½ 8 eqLrQ+k dh ekfuUn fgnk;r vkQ+jhu FksA lnd+s ‘kjQ+s ed+cwfy;r v+rk Q+jek;sA vkehu
eukfd+cs vgys cSr dqjku dh jks’kuh esa %& eukfd+cs vgys cSr dqjku dh jks’kuh esa %&&% vgys cSr dh eqgCcr gj eqlyeku ij Q+t+Z gS D;ksafd eqgCcrs vgys cSr bZeku dh tku vkSj ‘krsZ bZeku gS mudh eqgCcr ds cx+Sj fdlh ‘k[+l ds fny esa bZeku nkf[k+y ugha gks ldrk gnhl ikd esa okfjn gS jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k bLyke dh cqfu;kn esjh vkSj esjs vgys cSr dh eqgCcr gS vkSj ge reke eqlyekuksa ds fy;s gqDes [kqnkoUnh gS fd vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djks vgys cSr dh eqgCcr eqgCcrs jlwy gS vkSj eqgCcrs vgys cSr vrgkj dh ‘kkuks v+t+er o d+njks efUt+yr o dekykrks fdjnkj bfUrgkbZ cqyUn o ckyk gSa vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r us bUgsa e[k+lwl flQ+kr vkSj ikdht+xh dk vkyk rjhu uewuk cuk;k vkSj v+t+he ejkfrc ls uokt+k vgys cSr vrgkj dh Q+t+hyr esa cs’kqekj vgknhl eUdwy gSa vkSj budh ‘kkuks v+t+er esa vk;krs dqjvkuh ukft+y gqbZ gSa ,s egcwc ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ vki eqlyekuksa ls Q+jeka nhft;s fd eSa rcyhx+ ij rqels dksbZ cnyk ;k flyk ugha eakxrk vycRrk eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe 9 jlwy eqgCcrs [kqnk gSA ftuesa ckt+ dk rt+fdjk gLcs tS+y gSA dqjku ethn esa bj’kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS& esjs d+jkcrnkjksa ls eqgCcr djksA ¼lw0&’kwjk&23½
et+dwjk vk;kr esa gqDes [kqnkoUnh gS fd ,s egcwc vki eqlyekuksa ls Q+jeak nhft;s fd ,s yksxksa eSus tks rqe ij esgur dh x+kjs fgjk esa lTnk jst+ gksdj vk¡lw cgk;s vkSj fugk;r l[+r elkbcks vkyke cnkZLr fd;s vksj rqEgsa rkjhfd;ksa ls fudky dj jks’ku ed+ke v+rk fd;k vkSj rqEgsa xqejkfg;ksa ds va/ksjksa ls futkr nsdj fljkrs eqLrd+he dh jkg fn[kkbZ vkSj eSus f’kde ¼eqckjd½ ij iRFkj ck¡/kdj [k+Und+sa [kksnÈ eSnkus mgn vkSj rkW;Q esa vius ftLe ¼vrgj½ ij t+[+e [kk;s vkSj rqEgsa tgUuqe ls cpkdj jkgs tUur ij Mky fn;k vkSj rqEgsa tgkyr o ft+Yyr ls cpkdj bT+t+r o bUlkfu;r ls ge fdukj fd;k vkSj rqEgsa nkors gd+ nsdj rqEgkjh bu reke ,glkukr dk eSa rqels dksbZ cnyk ;k flyk ugha ek¡xrk esjk vTj rks esjs jc ds ikl gS vkSj eq>s esjk vTj esjk jc v+rk djsxk eSa rqels fdlh vTj dk rkfyc ugha gw¡ cfYd eq>s rks rqEgkjs vTj dh fQ+Ø gS tks rqEgsa esjs d+jkcr nkjksa ls eqgCcr ds ckbl feysxk eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djks blh esa rqEgkjh HkykbZ vkSj csgrjh gS vkSj nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa vTjs v+t+he dk ckbl gS vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds jlwy ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ dh dqcZr vkSj bZeku esa iq[+rxh esjs vgys cSr dh eqgCcr ls gkfly gksxh blfy;s eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe esjs vgys cSr ls rQ+klhj o vgknhl esa gS fd tc ;s vk;r 10 ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%& jguqekbZ dh vkSj bZeku ls cgjs;kc fd;kA eqgCcr djksA
+ &% vgys cSr dh ‘kku o tqckus dqjku %&&% vgys cSr dh ‘kku o tqckus dqjku %& 11 rcjkuh&3@47]48½ ukft+y gqbZ rks lgkckfdjke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vkids d+jkcr nkj dkSu gSa rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ;s esjs d+jkcr beke rcjkuh us gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ls fjok;r ud+y dh gS fd tc ;s vk;rs eqckjdk ^^,s egcwc vki Q+jeak nas fd eSa rqels bl ¼rcyhx+s gd+½ dk dqN flyk ugha pkgrk flok; vgys d+jkcr dh eqgCcr ds** ukft+y gqbZ rks lgkckfdjke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vkids d+jkcr nkj dkSu gSa ftudh eqgCcr ge ij okftc gS rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ gSaA ¼eqv+te dchj nkj gSa buls eqgCcr djksA ¼beke luk mYyk ikuh irh&rQ+lhj et+gjh&8@420½ ¼beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh&nqjsZ eUlwj&5@701½ ¼beke dqjrch& rQ+lhj dqjrch&8@415½ ¼beke Q[k+:n~nhu jkt+h& rQ+lhj dchj&27@166½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&7@103] 9@168½ ,d erZck gluSu djheSu chekj gks x;s vkSj v+ykyr ¼chekjh½ ds ckbl ¼gluSu djheSu½ det+ksj gks x;s vkSj muds psgjs eqj>k x;s gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ us dgk fd esjs
nksuks csVs lsgrean gks tk;as rks eSa crkSj ‘kqØkuk rhu jkst+s j[kw¡xk vkSj [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ o gt+jr beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ vkSj vkidh [k+kfnek fQ+T+t+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us Hkh ;gh dgk vkSj rhu jkst+ksa dh eUur eku yh fQj tc gluSu djheSu lsgrean gks x;s rks eUur ¼ut+j½ iwjh djus ds fy;s ik¡p vQ+jkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek] beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj vkidh [k+kfnek fQ+T+t+k us rhu fnu ds jkst+ksa dk d+ln fd;k rkfd eUur ¼ut+j½ iwjh tc bu ik¡p vQ+jkn us igys fnu jkst+k j[kk rks ?kj esa [kkus dks dqN u Fkk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq ctgqy djhe½ us ,d ;gwnh ls rhu lkv+ tkS m/kkj yh vkSj ?kj ij yk;s [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us mlesa ls ,d lkv+ tkS dks ihlk vkSj v¶+rkj ds fy;s jksfV;k¡ idkbZ vkSj ‘kke dks v¶+rkj ds oD+r ik¡pksa vQ+jkn us jksfV;k¡ vkSj ued vius lkeus j[kk fd ,S+u oD+r ij ,d feLdhu njokt+s ij vk;k vkSj vkokt+ nh ;k vgyy cSfr vYykg dh d+le eSa Hkwdk gw¡ eq>s [kkuk f[kykvks vYykg rv+kyk rqEgsa tUur ds nLrj [+oku ls f[kyk;sxk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj fQ+T+t+k tks fd vcjkj ¼usdksdkj] ijgst+xkj yksx½ Fks mUgksaus oks lkjh jksfV;k¡ feLdhu dks ns nh vkSj [kqn ikuh ls v¶+rkj fd;k vkSj fnu jkr Hkwds jgs vkSj ml fnu mUgksaus [k+kfyl ikuh ds flok dqN u [kk;kA 12 gks tk;sA
nwljs fnu fQj jkst+k j[k fy;k vkSj ,d lkv+ tkS dh jksfV;k¡ idkbZ xbZa ysfdu nwljs fnu Hkh ;gh dSfQ+;r jgh fd ,+Su v¶+rkj ds oD+r njokts+ ij ,d ;rhe us nLrd nh vkSj dgk eSa ;rhe gw¡ vkSj Hkwdk gw¡ eq>s [kkuk f[kykvks vcjkj us lkjh jksfV;k¡ ;rhe dks ns nha vkSj i¡kpksa vQ+jkn us ikuh ls v¶+rkj fd;k vkSj fQj rhljs fnu dk jkst+k j[k fy;k rhljs fnu Hkh ;gh dSfQ+;r jgh fd ,S+u oD+rs v¶+rkj ,d dS+nh us njokt+s ij vkokt+ yxkbZ ,s vgys cSr eSa vlhj ¼dS+nh½ gw¡ vkSj Hkwdk gw¡ eq>s [kkuk f[kykvks vkSj vcjkj us lkjh jksfV;k¡ ml d+Snh dks ns nh vkSj bu ik¡p vQ+jkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek] beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj fQ+T+t+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ dks vYykg rv+kyk us vcjkj ds yd+c ls ;kn Q+jek;k vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dks bu ik¡p vQ+jkn dk rhu fnu dk ;s vEj bruk ilUn vk;k fd vYykg rv+kyk us ftcjbZy v+ySgLlyke dks Hkstk vkSj Q+jek;k fd rhu fnu dh jksfV;ksa dk ln~d+k feLdhu] ;rhe vkSj dS+nh dks nsuk vkSj [kqn ikuh ls v¶+rkj djus dk cnyk vkSj buke ;s gS fd eSus mUgsa tUur vkSj mldh nk;eh usv+erksa dk ekfyd o okfjl cuk fn;k vkSj vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r us lw0 ngj dh vk;kr bu cs’kd usd yksx eq[k+fyl brkv+r xqt+kj ¼’kjkcs rgwj ds½ ,sls tke fi;sxsa ftlesa ¼[kq’cw] jaxr vkSj yT+t+r c<+kus ds fy;s½ dkQwj dh feykoV gksxh ¼dkQwj 13 [kqn ikuh ls v¶+rkj fd;kA ik¡p vQ+jkn ds gd+ esa ukft+y Q+jekbZ&
tUur½ dk ,d p’ek gS ftlls ¼[k+kl½ cUns fi;k djsaxs vkSj tgk¡ pkgsaxs mls NksVh&NksVh ugjksa dh ‘kDy esa ¼nwljksa dks fiykus ds fy;s½ cgk dj ys tk;k djsaxs ;s vYykg rv+kyk ds [k+kl cUns gS tks ml fnu ls Mjrs gS ftldh l[+rh [kwc QSy tkus okyh gS vkSj ¼viuk½ [kkuk vYykg rv+kyk dh eqgCcr esa eksgrkt dks ;rhe dks vkSj d+Snh dks f[kyk nsrs gS vkSj dgrs gaS ge rks flQ+Z vYykg rv++kyk dh jt+k ds fy;s f[kyk jgs gS rqe ls dskbZ cnyk ;k ‘kqØ xqt+kjh ugha ek¡xrs gesa rks vius jc ls ml fnu dk [k+kSQ+ jgrk gS tks ¼psgjksa dks½ fugk;r fl;kg ¼vkSj½ cnuqek dj nsus okyk gS il vYykg rv+kyk mUgsa ¼[k+kSQ+s bykgh ds lcc½ ml fnu dh l[+rh ls cpk ysxk vkSj mUgsa jkSud+ o rkt+xh vkSj ¼fnyksa esa½ e’kjZr ¼[kq’kh½ c[+’ksxk bl ckr ds cnys fd mUgksaus lcz fd;k ¼jgus dks½ tUur vkSj ¼iguus dks½ js’keh iks’kkd v+rk djsxk ;s yksx mlesa r[+rksa ij rfd;k yxk;s cSBs gksaxs u ogk¡ /kwi dh rfi’k ik;saxs u lnhZ dh f’kn~nr vkSj ¼tUur ds nj[+rksa ds½ lk;s mu ij >qd jgs gksaxs vkSj mUgsa ogk¡ ¼’kjkcs rgwj ds½ ,sls tke fiyk;s tk;saxs mlesa ,d p’ek gS ftldk uke lylchy gS vkSj muds bnZ fxnZ f[k+ner xqt+kj yM+ds ges’kk ?kwers jgsaxs vkSj tc oks mUgsa ns[ksaxs rks fc[kjs gq;s eksrh xqeku djsaxs vkSj tc ¼cfg’r ij½ ut+j Mkysaxs rks ogk¡ ¼dljr ls½ usv+ersa vkSj ¼gj rjQ+½ cM+h lYrur ns[ksaxs mu ¼ds ftLeksa½ ij ckjhd js’ke ds lCt+ diM+s gksaxs vkSj mUgsa pk¡nh ds da?ku iguk;s tk;saxs vkSj mudk jc mUgsa ikdht+k ‘kjkc fiyk;sxk cs’kd ;s rqEgkjk flyk gksxk vkSj rqEgkjh esgur 14 fBdkus yxhA ¼lw0&ngj&5&22½
rljhg%&beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh nqjsZ eUlwj esa jd+e rjkt+ gaS fd et+dwjk vk;kr iat vQ+jkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj fQ+T+t+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ds gd+ esa ukft+y gqbZ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&6@823½ ¼r¶+lhj dqjrch&10@139½ vYykg rv+kyk us rhu fnu dh jksfV;ksa dh dqckZuh dh tt+k tUur o mldh nk;eh v+t+he mu usv+erksa dk ekfyd o okfjl cuk fn;k tks gj ,d dks e;Llj u gksxh rks vc t+jk lkspks vkSj eqokt+uk ¼vankt+k½ djks fd djcyk esa nl fnu dh dqckZfu;ksa dh tt+k vkSj [k+kucknk&,&jlwy ds lcz o rgEeqy vkSj ed+kes jt+k ij bfLrd+ker dh tt+k D;k gksxh csVs v+yh vd+cj vkSj v+yh vlx+j dh dqckZuh dh tt+k D;k gksxh rhu fnu dh f’knn~rs Hkwd I;kl vkSj ftLes vd+nl ij ust+ksa vkSj ryokjksa dh cs‘kqekj t+jcas vkSj rhjksa ls [kk;s t+[+eksa dh tt+k D;k gksxhA HkkbZ vCckl vkSj Hkrhts dkfle vkSj Hkk¡ts vkSu o eqgEen dh dqckZuh dh tt+k D;k gksxh vkSj dlhj elkbcks vkyke o bfUrgkbZ rdyhQ+ksa dh tt+k D;k gksxh vYykg rv+kyk us ft+Øs gqlSu vkSj ft+Øs dcZyk dks cqyUn vkSj d+k;e o nk;e dj fn;k ft+Øs gqlSu flQ+Z t+ehu ij gh ugha cfYd vklekuksa ij Hkh equfD+d+n gksrk gS vkSj d+;ker rd t+ehuks vkleku ij ft+Øs gqlSu vkSj ft+Øs djcyk gksrk jgsxk djcyk ls igys gqlSu t+kfdj Fkk vkSj djcyk ds ckn gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ et+dwj gks x;k vkSj v’kZ rk Q’kZ rljhg%& 15 etfyls ft+Øs ‘kgknrSu equfD+d+n gksrh jgsxhA
,d ckj utjku ls lkB bZlkbZ iknfj;ksa dk oQ+n gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkgs vd+nl esa gkft+j gqvk rks muesa ls nks yksxksa us uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls xq¶+rxw dh rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us muls Q+jek;k fd rqe bLyke dqcwy dj yks rks mUgksus tokc fn;k fd ge vkils igys bLyke dqcwy dj pqds rks uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k rhu pht+s rqEgsa bLyke ykus ls jksdrh gaS&1&rqEgkjk lyhc dh b+cknr djuk 2& f[kathj [kkuk 3& rqEgkjk ;s ,rd+kn ¼v+d+hnk½ j[kuk fd bZlk v+ySgLlyke [kqnk ds csVs gSa mu bZlkbZ tekv+r ds ,d ljnkj us dgk D;k rqe ;s xqeku j[krs gks fd bZlk v+ySgLlyke vYykg ds cUns gSa rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k gk¡ oks :gvYykg vkSj vYykg ds cUns vkSj jlwy gSa rks mudk ,d ljnkj cksyk rks gesa dksbZ ,slk cUnk fn[kkvks tks eqnks± dks ft+Unk djrk gks eknjtkr vU/kksa dks chukbZ nsrk gks feV~Vh ls ifjUns dh ‘kDy cukdj mlesa Qw¡d ekjrk rks oks mM+us yxrk gks D;k vki gekjs lkFk eqckgyk ¼okd;q)] cn~nqv+k½ djrs gSa fd gt+jr bZlk v+ySgLlyke ,sls u Fks vkSj tks >wBk gks ml ij vYykg dh ykur gks vkSj oks rckg o cckZn gks tk;sxk fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k D;k rqe ;gh pkgrs gks mUgksaus dgk gk¡ rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k tSlh rqEgkjh et+hZ vkSj vYykg rv+kyk us vk;rs eqckgyk ukft+y Q+jekbZ vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye 16 &% vk;rs eqckgyk %&&% vk;rs eqckgyk %&
us mu bZlkbZ iknfj;ksa dks eqckgyk dh nkor nhA vYykg rv+kyk us bj’kkn Q+jek;k& il vkids ikl b+Ye vk tkus ds ckn tks ‘k[+l bZlk v+ySgLlyke ds ekeys esa vkils >xM+k djrs gaS rks vki Q+jek¡ nsa fd vk tkvks ge ¼feydj½ vius csVksa dks vkSj rqEgkjs csVksa dks vkSj viuh v+kSjrksa dks vkSj rqEgkjh v+kSjrksa dks vkSj vius vkidks vkSj rqEgsa Hkh ¼,d txg ij½ cqyk ysrs gSa fQj ge eqckgyk djrs gSa vkSj >wBksa ij vYykg dh ykur Hkstrs gSa ¼lw0&vkys bejku&61½ fQj nwljs fnu ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYYe us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk] o [kkrwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks vius lkFk fy;k vkSj uljkfu;ksa ls eqckgyk djus ds fy;s r’kjhQ+ ys x;s vkSj vius vgys cSr ¼gt+jr ekSyk v+yh lb;nk Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ls Q+jek;k fd tc eSa nqv+k d:¡ rks rqe lc vkehu dguk gt+jr beke glu o gtjr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vki ds lkFk Fks vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh vkSj lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ mu bZlkb;ksa esa ls ,d ‘k[+l ftldk uke vCnqy elhg Fkk oks cksyk fd ,s bZlkb;ks rqe igpku pqds gks fd eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ lPps jlwy gSa vxj rqeus buls eqckgyk fd;k rks lc gykd gks tkvksxs blfy;s eqckgyk ls bUdkj dj nks vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls lqyg dj yks vkSj ;s oks gh jlwy gSa ftudh 17 rljhg%&rljhg%& vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ihNs FksA
[k+cj o ft+Ø rkSjkr esa gS vYykg dh d+le vxj rqe mUgsa ykur o eyker djksxs rks ge lc gykd gks tk;asxs vkSj u ge dke;kc gksaxs vkSj u gekjs ckn okys vkSj :;s t+ehu ij dksbZ uljkuh ckd+h u jgsxk vkSj u gekjk cky ckd+h jgsxk vkSj u gekjk uk[kwu ckd+h jgsxk vkSj fQj mu bZlkbZ ikfnfj;ksa ds ljnkjksa esa ls dqN yksxksa us gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls v+tZ+ dh fd gekjs csodwQ+ksa us vkils eqckgyk djus dh ckr dh Fkh gekjh vki ls xqt+kfj’k gS fd vki gesa ekQ+ Q+jeka nsa fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd eSaus rqEgsa beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh us et+dwjk vk;kr dh rQ+lhj esa ,d fjok;r ud+y dh gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd v+t+kcs bykgh vgys utjku ij d+jhc vk pqdk Fkk vxj oks eqckgyk djrs rks mudk [kk+Rek gks tkrkA ,d nwljh fjok;r esa gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k esjs ikl ,d Q+fj’rk vk;k Fkk ftlus eq>s ;s [k+cj nh fd vxj oks eqckgyk djrs rks vgys utjku gykd gks tkrsA ,d vkSj fjok;r eas gS gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k d+le gS ml t+kr dh ftlds d+Cts+ dqnjr esa esjh tku gS cs’kd v+t+kcs bykgh utjku ds d+jhc vk pqdk Fkk vxj oks eqckgyk djrs rks mUgsa cUnjksa vkSj f[kathjksa dh ‘kDy 18 ekQ+ dj fn;kA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&2@111½
esa eL[k+ dj fn;k tkrk vkSj oknh vkx ls Hkj tkrh vkSj vYykg rv+kyk utjku vkSj mlds ckf’kanksa dh tMs+a m[ksM+ ysrk gRrk fd nj[+rksa ij ifjUnk Hkh u cprkA¼r¶+lhj et+gjh&2@78½¼r¶+lhj ubZeh&3@477½ gt+jr tkfcj jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls fjok;r gS fd jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k d+le gS ml t+kr ftlus eq>s gd+ ds lkFk ecÅ+l Q+jek;k vxj oks eqckgyk djrs rks mu ij oknh vkx ls Hkj tkrhA gt+jr tkfcj jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq Q+jekrs gaS fd vk;rs eqckgyk iatru ikd ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ds ckjs esa ukft+y gqbZ vkSj vUQqlkuk ls eqjkn gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye o gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe gSa vkSj vCukvuk ls eqjkn beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ gS vkSj fulkvuk ls eqjkn gt+jr lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ gSaA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&2@109½ beke eqfLye] frfeZt+h] gkfde vkSj cSgd+h us gt+jr lkn fcu vch oD+d+kl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r ud+y dh gS tc ;s vk;rs eqckgyk ¼dqy rv+kyks unÅ+ vCukvuk o vCukvdqe o fulkvuk o fulkvdqe o vUQqlkuk o vUQqlkdqe½ ukft+y gqbZ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk o lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks cqyk;k vkSj Q+jek;k ,s vYykg ;s esjs vgys cSr gSaA 19
gt+jr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYyk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd utjku ls ,d oQ+n gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkgs vd+nl esa gkft+j gqvk vkSj iwNk fd gt+jr bZlk v+ySgLlyke ds ckjs esa vkidh D;k jk; gS rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k oks :g vYykg vkSj vYykg ds cUns vkSj jlwy gSa ml oQ+n us gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls dgk D;k vki gekjs lkFk eqckgyk djrs gSa fd gt+jr bZlk v+ySgLlyke ,sls u Fks rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k tSls rqEgkjh et+hZ ¼rc vk;rs eqckgyk ukft+y gqbZ½ vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ?kj r’kjhQ+ yk;s vkSj vius csVksa gt+jr beke glu o gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk o [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks lkFk ys tkus ds fy;s tek fd;k mu bZlkb;ksa ds ,d ljnkj us mu ¼uljkfu;ksa½ ls dgk fd eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ls eqckgyk er djks vYykg dh d+le vxj rqeus ,slk fd;k rks rqEgkjk dksbZ Hkh vkneh ugha cpsxk fQj oks bZlkbZ gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ikl vk;s vkSj dgk fd gekjs dqN csodwQ+ yksxksa us vkils eqckgyk dk bjknk fd;k Fkk ge vkils xqt+kfj’k djrs gSa fd vki gesa ekQ+ dj nsa vki lYyYykgq v+ySg 20 olYye us Q+jek;k fd eSaus rqEgsa ekQ+ dj fn;kA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&2@649½ ¼fe’dkr&3@252½ ¼r¶+lhj ubZeh&2@77½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&2@111½ ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@163½
&% vd+lkes vgys cSr %&&% vd+lkes vgys cSr %& 1&lduh& ;kuh ?kj esa d+;ke djus okys d+kfcys fjgkb’k ;kuh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh 2&fulcrh o uLyh& ;kuh ftu ls gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk fulcrh o uLyh rv+kYyqd+ gS ;kuh gt+jr ekSyk v+yh lb;nk Q+kfrek] beke glu 3&,st+kt+h& ;kuh oks gfLr;k¡ ftudks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us crkSj ,st+kt+ vius vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey fd;k&tSls&gt+jr lyeku Qkjlh ¼jft+0½A 21 vgys cSr dh rhu fd+Lesa gSa& reke vt+okts eqrgjkrA o o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½A gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh reke vt+okts eqrgjkr rks vkids fudkg esa vkus ds ckn vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey gqb± mu reke dks vYykg rv+kyk us vius egcwc lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey fd;k vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k] lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us vius vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey fd;k vkSj muls tks flyflyk&,&ulc pyk oks lc vkys jlwy vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey gSa vkSj vkys jlwy dh eqgCcr jkgs [kqnk gS vkSj bl jkg ij pyus okyk dHkh xqejkg ugha gksrk gRrk fd
oks jt+k;s bykgh ds cqyUn ed+ke ij Q+kbt+ gks tkrk gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh [kq’kuwnh mldk gkfly eqd+ke gksrk gS vkSj oks vTjs v+t+he dk eqLrfgd+ gks vYykg rv+kyk us vgys cSr ds eqrkv+fYyd+ Q+jek;k&vYykg rks ;gh pkgrk gS fd ,s uch ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ds ?kj okyks rqels gj rjg dh ukikdh dks nwj dj ns vkSj rqEgsa dkfey rgkjr ¼ikdht+xh½ ls uokt+ dj fcYdqy ikd lkQ ¼;kuh gj oks dke tks f[k+ykQ+ ‘kjv+ vkSj ckjxkgs [kqnkoUnh esa uk ialnhnk gSa vkSj gj rjg dh cqjkbZ o ‘kj vkSj xqukg ls vYykg rv+kyk us vgys 22 beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh us bl vk;krs djhek dh r¶+lhj esa gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r ud+y dh gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gt+jr mEes lyek ds ?kj esa Fks vkSj vki ij [kS+cj dh cuh gqbZ pknj Fkh vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij ;s vk;r ukft+y gqbZ&fd vYykg rks ;gh pkgrk gS fd ,s uch ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ds ?kj okyks rqe ls gj rjg dh ukikdh nwj dj ns--------------------- fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks cqyk;k vkSj viuh pknj eqckjd ls <¡ki fy;k vkSj ckjxkgs [kqnkoUnh esa o [kwc lqFkjk dj nsA ¼lw0&vgt+kc&33½ rljhg%&rljhg%& tkrk gSA cSr vrgkj dks ikd o egQwt+ j[kk½
v+t+Z fd;k ,s vYykg ;s esjs vgys cSr ¼?kj okys½ gSa buls gj rjg dh fjTl ¼ukikdh] iyhnh½ dks nwj Q+jeka ns vkSj bUgsa ikdht+k cuk ns ;s dfyekr vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us rhu nQ+k nksgjk, gt+jr mEes lyek us dgk fd eSaus viuk lj ml pknj ds vUnj fd;k vkSj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg eSa Hkh buds lkFk gw¡ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k ugha ysfdu rqe [k+Sj dh tkfuc gks ;s ckr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us nks ckj bj’kkn Q+jekbZA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&5@562½ ¼r¶+lhj bCus dlhj&22@672½ ,d nwljh fjok;r esa beke rcjkuh us gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r ud+y dh gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ls Q+jek;k fd vius nksuks csVksa o [kkfcUn dks ys vkvks rks vki mu lc dks ys vk;ha fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr beke glu o gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks viuh xksn eqckjd esa fcBk;k vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks nk¡;h tkfuc vkSj lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks ok¡;h tkfuc fcBk;k vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us bu lc ij viuh pknj eqckjd Mky nh fQj nqv+k dh ,s vYykg ;s vgys eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq vySg olYye½ gSa bu ij viuh jgersa vkSj cjdrsa mlh rjg ukft+y Qjeak ftl rjg rwus vkys bczkghe ij jgersa o cjdrsa ukft+y Qjekb± gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us dgk eSus pknj Åij mBkbZ rkfd eSa Hkh mlesa nkf[k+y gks tkÅ¡ rks 23
gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us pknj dks esjs gkFkksa ls [khap fy;k vkSj Q+jek;k rqe HkykbZ ij gksA gt+jr vcw lbZ+n [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd ;s vk;r ik¡p vQ+jkn ¼iatru ikd½ ds ckjs esa ukft+y gqbZ ¼;kuh eSa]¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk] beke glu o beke gqlSu¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ds nkSyr dnkg esa tc ;s vk;rs djhek&vYykg rks ;gh pkgrk gS fd ,s uch lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ?kj okyks rqels gj rjg dh ukikdh dks nwj dj ns------ ukft+y gqbZ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu dks cqykdj pknj mM+kbZ fQj nqv+k dh ,s vYykg ;s esjs vgys cSr gSa buls gj rjg dh ukikdh dks nwj Q+jeak ns vkSj bUgsa [kwc ikd lkQ o lqFkjk dj ns gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyYykg eSa Hkh buds lkFk gw¡ vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe viuh txg ij gks vkSj [kS+j dh tkfuc gksA mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS vki Q+jekrh gSa fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ,d pknj vks<+s gq;s 24 ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&3@53]54½ ¼r¶+lhj rcjh&22@10½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&5@563½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&5@563½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@736½
Fks ftl ij fl;kg Åu ls dtkcksa dh lwjrsa cuh gqbZ Fkha brus esa gt+jr beke glu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ vk;s rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us mu dks pknj ds vUnj dj fy;k fQj gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ vk;s mu dks Hkh pknj ds vUnj dj fy;k fQj [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ vk;ha rks mu dks Hkh pknj ds vUnj dj fy;k fQj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ vk;s rks mudks Hkh pknj ds vUnj dj fy;k fQj ;s vk;rs djhek i<++h ¼vYykg rks ;gh pkgrk gS fd ,s vgys cSr rqels gj rjg dh vkywnxh nwj dj ns vkSj rqe dks rgkjr ls uokt+ ns½ 25 ¼lgh eqfLye&6@103½
lgh eqfLye o frfeZt+h ‘kjhQ+ esa okfjn gS gt+jr tS+n fcu vjd+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k eSa rqeesa nks ,slh pht+sa NksM+s tk jgk gw¡ fd vxj rqe yksx budks et+cwrh ls Fkkes jgksxs rks dHkh xqejkg u gksxs vkSj vxj ,d dks Hkh NksM+ fn;k rks xqejkg gks tkvksxs buesa ls ,d nwljs ls cM+h v+t+er okyh gaS ,d vYykg rv+kyk dh fdrkc ¼dqjku½ tks vkleku ls t+ehu rd yVdh gqbZ jLlh gS blesa fgnk;r o uwj gS rks vYykg rv+kyk dh fdrkc ¼dqjku½ dks et+cwrh ls Fkkes jgks vkSj nwljh pht+ esjs vgys cSr gSa eSa rqedks vgys cSr ds ckc esa [kqnk dh ;kn fnykrk gw¡ ¼vgys cSr dh fulcr ;s tqeyk rhu ckj bj’kkn Q+jek;k½ vkSj dqjku o vgys cSr dHkh vkil esa tqnk u gksaxs ;gk¡ rd fd nksuksa gkSt+s dkSlj ij esjs ikl vk;saxs vkSj tks budh iSjoh djsxk oks fgnk;r ij gksxk vkSj tks budks NksM+ nsxk oks xqejkg et+dwjk gnhl esa ;s ckr d+kfcys roTtks gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us dqjku ethn dk ft+Ø ,d ckj Q+jek;k ysfdu vgys cSr dk ft+Ø rhu ckj Q+jek;k blesa fgders eqLrQ+k ;s Fkh fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds b+Yes xS+c esa ;s ckr Fkh fd esjs ckn dqN yksx esjh mEer ds fnyksa ls vgys cSr dh eqgCcr o v+d+hnr dks feVkus dk dke 26 eukfd+cs vgys cSr &% vgknhl dh jks’kuh esa %& eukfd+cs vgys cSr &% vgknhl dh jks’kuh esa %& gks tk;sxkA ¼lgh eqfLye&6@94½ ¼fe’dkr&3@254½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@736½ ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%&
djsaxs vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj ls ,rd+knh o eqgCcrh rv+kYyqd+ dks equd++rkv+ djus ds dke dks c[kwch vatke nsaxs vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh fuxkgs ucwor ;s ns[k jgh Fkh fd esjh mEer ds ckt+ yksx esjs vgys cSr ls cqX+t+ o v+nkor vkSj fnyksa esa fuQ+kd+ o dhuk j[ksaxs blfy;s ,d gh eqd+ke ij nksuks pht+ksa ¼dqjku o vgys cSr½ dk ft+Ø fd;k exj dqjku dk ft+Ø ,d ckj vkSj vgys cSr dk ft+Ø vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds b+Ye esa ;s ckr Fkh fd dqjku vYykg dk dyke gS tks uwj o jkgs fgnk;r gS vkSj yksx bls vYykg dk dyke gh tkusaxs vkSj bl ij bf[+rykQ+ o bUdkj dk fQ+Ruk u gksxk exj esjs vgys cSr ds eqrkv+fYyd+ esjh mEer ds yksx bf[+rykQ+ o bfUrlkj vkSj cqXt+ o v+nkor dk fQ+Ruk [kM+k djsaxs rkfd yksx xqejkg gks tk;as vkSj bl fQ+Rus dh bfCrnk taxs fl¶+Q+hu esa gqbZ fQj dwQ+k esa fQj ekjdk&,&djcyk cik gqvk vkSj ;gh dke rkft+;knkjh dh eq[k+kfyQ+r djus okys yksx Hkh c[kwch vatke ns jgs gaS fd fdlh rjg rkft+;knkjh [k+Re gks tk;s vkSj vkus okys oD+r esa yksx Hkwy tk;sa fd ekjdk&,&djcyk D;k Fkk vkSj beke gqlSu dkSu Fks vkSj yksxksa ds fnyksa ls vgys cSr dh eqgCcr feV tk;s vkSj yksx xqejkg gks tk;sa ysfdu budh ;s dksf’k’k o [+okfg’k ba’kk vYykg dHkh dke;kc u gksxh vkSj u dHkh rdehy dks igq¡psxh D;ksafd vYykg rv+kyk ftls fgnk;r ns mls dksbZ 27 rhu ckj Q+jek;kA vkSj nhxj ed+kekr ij Hkh fQ+Rus mBsA
xqejkg ugha dj ldrk blfy;s gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us viuh mEer dks xqejkgh ls cpkus ds fy;s vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr dks viuh mEer ij okftc djrs gq;s rkdhn Q+jekbZ fd esjs vgys cSr dh eqgCcr dk nkeu idM+s jgksxs rks dHkh xqejkg u gksxs vkSj vxj vgys cSr dh eqgCcr dk nkeu NksM+ fn;k rks ;d+huu xqejkg gks tkvksxsA gt+jr mEes lyek jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&[k+cjnkj ;s efLtn ¼ucoh½ fdlh tquch vkSj gkbt+k ¼v+kSjr½ ds fy;s gyky ugha flok;s esjs ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh o lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ds buds vykok fdlh ds fy;s efLtn ¼ucoh½ esa ¼tukcr] ukikdh o gkyrs gSt+ esa½ vkuk tkuk tkbt+ ugha ¼beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh&[k+lkblqy dqcjk&2@424½ ¼cSgdh&lquu dqcjk& gt+jr bCus m+ej fcu [k+Rrkc ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&esjs fj’rs vkSj ulc ds flok d+;ker ds fnu gj fj’rk vkSj ulc equd+rkv+ gks tk;sxkA ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&3@44½ gt+jr m+ej fcu [k+Rrkc ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&cs’kd v+yh] 28 ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@153½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@173½ 7@65½ ¼bCus vlkdj&rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&14@166½
Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ tUurqy fQ+jnkSl esa lQsn xqEcn esa eqd+he gksaxs ftldh Nr gt+jr v+yh c;ku djrs gSa fd oks uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkg esa gkft+j gq;s vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us pknj fcNkbZ gqbZ Fkh il ml ij gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye v+yh Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ cSB x;s fQj vki lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us ml pknj ds fdukjs dks idM+dj mu ij Mkydj mlesa fxjg yxk nh fQj Q+jek;k& ,s vYykg rw Hkh buls jkt+h gks tk ftl rjg eSa buls jkt+h g¡wA ¼eqv+te vkSlr &rcjkuh&5@348 g0&5514½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@169½ gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ c;ku djrh gSa fd ,d fnu gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye esjs ?kj r’kjhQ+ Q+jek Fks [k+kfne us v+tZ+ fd;k njokts+ ij v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vk;s gSa vki lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us gqDe Q+jek;k ,d rjQ+ gks tkvks vkSj eq>s vius vgys cSr ls feyus nks mEes lyek Q+jekrha gSa eSa ikl gh ?kj eSa ,d rjQ+ gVdj [kM+h gks x;h il gt+jr v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ nkf[k+y gq;s ml oD+r oks deflu Fks rks vki lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us nksuks cPpksa ¼glu o gqlSu½ dks idM+dj xksn esa fcBk fy;k vkSj nksuksa dks pweus yxsA ¼eqLun&vgen fcu gEcy& 29 v+’ksZ bykgh gksxhA ¼bCus vlkdj&rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&14@61½ 6@296 g0&26582½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@166½
vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds egcwc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us ge reke eqlyekuksa dks vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr o brkv+r ij eqrb+;u Q+jeak fn;k ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh lqUurksa o lwjrks lhjr dk eqdEey o vkyk vkSj csgrjhu uewuk vgys cSr vrgkj gSa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh lqUurksa o lhjr dk pedrk gqvk uwjkuh ekgrkc vgys cSr vrgkj gSa blfy;s gesa pkfg;s fd bl ekgrkc dh uwjkuh fdju ls vius fnyksa dks vgys cSr dh bfUrgkbZ eqgCcr o v+d+hnr ls equOoj djsa rkfd gesa vYykg o jlwy dh dqcZr ulhc gks vkSj vYykg rv+kyk d+;ker ds fnu gesa vius eqd+jZc o e[k+lwl cUnksa dh Q+sgfjLr esa txg gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS fd ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gluSu djheSu dk gkFk idM+dj Q+jek;k tks dksbZ eq>ls vkSj bu nksuksa ¼beke glu o beke gqlSu½ ls vkSj buds ek¡ cki ¼lb;nk Q+kfrek o gt+jr ekSyk v+yh½ ls eqgCcr djsxk oks jkst+s d+;ker esjs lkFk esjs ntsZ esa gksxk ¼;kuh esjs gh fBdkus ij gj b+cknr esgur o e’kD+d+r ij eq’rfey gksrh gS ysfdu vYykg o jlwy vkSj vgys cSr dh fnyksa esa eqgCcr fcyk esgurks e’kD+d+r ds gkfly 30 &% reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr tUurh gSa %&&% reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr tUurh gSa %& gksxk½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@717½ ¼eqLun vgen&1@77½ ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&3@50½ v+rk Q+jek;sA
gksrh gS flQ+Z gqLus v+d+hnk gksuk ykft+eh gS vkSj bl eqgCcr dh tt+k vkSj buke tSlk fd et+dwjk gnhl ikd esa gS ;kuh d+;ker ds fnu gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ut+nhdh vkSj mudk lkFk ckbls futkr vkSj dqjcrs bykgh gS ;kuh v+ey FkksM+k vkSj gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& eSa nj[+r gw¡ Q+kfrek mldh Vguh gS vkSj v+yh mldk ‘kxwQ+k gS vkSj glu o gqlSu mlds Qy gaS vkSj vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djus okys mlds iRrs gaS vkSj ;s lc tUur esa gksaxs ;s gd+ gS ;s gd+ gSA ¼;g tqeyk nks ckj vgys cSr ls eqgCcr njvLy gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls fulcrh rv+kYyqd+ dh cqfu;kn gS vkSj eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds fy;s ;s cM+s Q+[+j dk ed+ke gS fd vgys cSr dh eqgCcr ds lcc eqfgCckus vgys cSr dh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls ckfruh okcLrxh mudk eqd+n~nj cu tkrh gS tks mUgsa tUur ds vkyk njtkr ls ljQ+jkt+ djrh gS vkSj v+t+kcs ukj ls egQwt+ j[krh gS vkSj ckn ekSr reke iqj [k+kSQ+ ed+kekr ij eqgCcrs vgys cSr muds fy;s Qk;nsean vkSj ennxkj gksxh tSlk fd gt+jr bCus elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje lYyYykgq 31 Q+jekus jlwy lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gS& vTj cs ‘kqekj gSA Q+jek;k½ ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@52½
v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& esjs vgys cSr dh eqgCcr lkr iqj [k+kSQ+ ed+kekr ij uQ+k ¼Q+k;nk½ igq¡pk;sxh] 1& ekSr ds oD+r 2& d+cz esa 3&d+cz ls mBus ds oD+r 4& ukes vkeky gkFk esa fn;s tkus ds oD+r 5& fglkc fd oD+r 6& eht+ku ij 7&iqyfljkr + ftl oD+r xqukgxkj cUns dh :g d+Ct+ dh tkrh gS rks Q+fj’rs mls gFkksM+s ls ekjrs gSa vkSj mldh :g fugk;r l[+r rdyhQ+ ds lkFk ftLe ls [khaph tkrh gS :g d+Ct+ gksus oD+r mls bruh l[+r vkSj nnZukd rdyhQ+ gksrh gS fd ftruh ryokj fd okj vkSj dSaph ds dkVus ij Hkh ugha gksrh rks ekSr ds oD+r tc :g [khaph tk;sxh ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr gekjs dke vk;sxh vkSj gesa Q+k;nk igq¡pk;sxh vkSj ekSr ds oD+r okdS+v+ gksus okyh reke rdkyhQ+ ls futkr nsxh vkSj gekjh :g eb;r dks nQ+u djus ds ckn tc ml ij mlds xqukgksa ds lcc v+t+kc eqlYyr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mlds ftLe dks dhM+s edksM+s] lk¡i vkSj fcPNw dkVrs ukSprs vkSj [kkrs gSa vkSj mldks vkx dk v+t+kc vkSj nhxj eq[+rfyQ+ v+t+kc ml ij eqlYyr fd;s tkrs gSa ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds dke vk;sxh vkSj uQ+k ¼Q+k;nk½ nsxh vkSj v+t+kc ls futkr o jkgr 32 ot+kgr%& 1&ekSr ds oDr%& ot+kgr%& &ekSr ds oDr%&1 2&d+cz esa%&2&d+cz esa%& nsxhA ds oD+r ¼gqCcs vgys cSr vkSj rkft+;knkjh&12½ fcyk rdyhQ+ vklkuh ls d+Ct+ dh tk;sxhA
jkst+s d+;ker tc lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk rks yksx viuh&viuh d+czksa ls uaxs ik¡o uaxs ftLe mBsaxs vkSj muds fny brus [k+kSQ+ t+nk gksaxs fd ‘keZxkkgsa [kqyh gksus ds ckotwn yksx d+;ker dh gkSyukfd;ksa vkSj l[+r elkbcks vkyke ds lcc ,d nwljs dks ns[kus ls cs fu;kt+ jgsaxs ml oD+r vgys ;kuh d+;ker ds fnu ftldks mldk ukes vkeky nkfgus gkFk esa fn;k tk;sxk oks [kq’kh&[kq’kh iyVsxk vkSj ftldks mldk ukes vkeky ck¡;s gkFk esa fn;k tk;sxk mlds fy;s gykdr gksxh oks oD+r cM+k gh gkSyukd gksxk ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr ennxkj o Q+k;ns ean ;kuh vYykg rv+kyk cUns ls tc gj pht+ ds eqrkv+fYyd+ fglkc ysxk vkSj bUlku vius jc ds lkeus [k+kSQ+ t+nk [kM+k gksxk vkSj mlds reke vkt+k ¼vax½ [k+kSQ+ o Mj ds ckbl dk¡i jgs gksaxs ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr dke vk;sxh vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger mldh futkr dk jkst+s d+;ker tc bUlku ds vkeky rkSys tk;saxs vkSj eht+ku ¼rjktw½ d+k;e fd;k tk;sxk vkSj bUlku ds xqukg vkSj usfd;k¡ ,d&,d iyM+s esa j[k nh tk;saxh oks oD+r fugk;r [k+kSQ+ o fny ngykus okyk gksxk vkSj mldh fuxkgsa VdVdh ck¡/ks rjktw ij yxh gksaxh fd dgha gekjh usfd;k¡ 33 3&d+cz ls mBus ds oD+r%&3&d+cz ls mBus ds oD+r%& 4&ukes vkeky feyus ds oD+r%&4&ukes vkeky feyus ds oD+r%& 5&fglkc ds oD+r%&5&fglkc ds oD+r%& 6&eht+ku ds oD+r%&6&eht+ku ds oD+r%& cSr dh eqgCcr ennxkj o uQ+k c[+’k gksxhA lkfcr gksxhA ckbl cusxhA
xqukgksa ds eqd+kfcys de u iM+ tk;sa ml oD+r vgys iqyfljkr tks cky ls T+;knk ckjhd vkSj ryokj ls T+;knk rst+ gksxh tks tgUuqe ds Åij fcNh gksxh blds uhps tgUuqe tks ‘kksys ekjrh gqbZ ngd jgh gksxh vkSj bl ij ls gj ,d dks xqt+juk gksxk vkSj dqN yksx fQly&fQly dj tgUuqe esa fxj jgs gksaxs ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr eqfgCckus vgys cSr dh ennxkj gksxh vkSj reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr iqy fljkr ls ck vklkuh vkSj fcyk rdyhQ+ks ijs’kkuh rst+h ls xqt+j tk;saxsA et+dwjk reke gkSyukd o [k+kSQ+ukd vkSj fny ngykus okys ed+kekr ij vgys cSr dh eqgCcr eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds dke vk;sxh vkSj ennxkj o uQ+k c[+’k gksxh vgys cSr dh eqgCcr v+t+kcs bykgh ls egQwt+ jgus vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger o jt+k vkSj [kq’kuwnh gkfly djus vkSj nkst+[k+ ls vktknh dk vklku o csgrjhu t+fj;k gS 34 7&iqyfljkr ds oD+r%&7&iqyfljkr ds oD+r%& cSr dh eqgCcr Q+k;nsean o ennxkj gksxhA gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ c;ku djrs gSa fd ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd eSa b+Ye dk rjktw gw¡ v+yh mldk iyM+k gS glu o gqlSu mldh jfLl;k¡ gSa Q+kfrek mldk nLrk gS vkSj esjs ckn vkbEek vr~gkj ¼ml rjktw dh½ m+ewnh lyk[+k gSa ftlds t+fj;s gekjs lkFk eqgCcr djus okyksa vkSj cqXt+ j[kus okyksa ds vkeky rkSys tk;saxsA ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@44 g0&107½
Q+jek;k& vkys jlwy dh ekv+jQ+r nkst+[k+ ls futkr gS vkys jlwy dh eqgCcr iqyfljkr ij xqt+jus esa vklkuh gS vkSj vkys jlwy dh foyk;r ;kses d+;ker eSnkus eg’kj esa ph[k+ks iqdkj dk v+kye gksxk vkSj yksx fugk;r [k+kSQ+ o l[+r ijs’kkfu;ksa o rdyhQ+ksa ls f?kjs gksaxs dqN yksx v+t+kc esa eqfCryk gksaxs vkSj dqN fglkcks fdrkc ls xqt+j jgs gksaxs vkSj dqN dh tqckus Hkwd o I;kl dh f’kn~nr ds ckbl ckgj dks f[kap jgha gksaxh vkSj fugk;r l[+r xehZ dh f’kn~nr ds ckbl yksxksa ds fnekx+ [kkSyrs gksaxs vkSj ilhus us muds ftLeksa dks yxke Mky j[kh gksxh yksx d+;ker dh gkSyukfd;ksa o eqlhcrks rdkyhQ+ esa fxj¶+rkj dk¡i jgs gksaxs yksxksa dh ;kses d+;ker gksxh vkSj eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds fy;s ;kses ft+;kQ+r gksxh vYykg rv+kyk tUur ds nLrj[+oku ij eqfgCckus vgys cSr dks nkor f[kyk;sxk tSlk fd Q+jekus jlwy gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&tks eq>ls vkSj v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ls eqgCcr djrs gaS oks d+;ker ds fnu ,d gh eqd+ke ij tek gksaxs vkSj gekjk [kkuk ihuk Hkh bdV~Bk gksxkA ¼eqv+te dchj ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us 35 dk bd+jkj v+t+kcs bykgh ls fgQ+kt+r gSA ¼vyf’kQ+k&2@54½ lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gS& rcjkuh&3@41½ ¼rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&13@227½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@174½
dksbZ Hkh ‘k[+l flQ+Z vius usd vkeky ds ckbl tUur dks ugha ik ldrk pkgs mlds ikl leqUnj vkSj igkM+ksa ds cjkcj usd vkeky gksa tc rd fd vYykg rv+kyk dh jger mls <k¡i u ys gnhl ikd esa okfjn gS fd jkst+s d+;ker bUlku ds vkeky ds rhu n¶+rj ¼jftLVj½ gksaxs ,d mldh usfd;ksa dk n¶+rj gksxk nwljk mlds xqukg o cqjkb;ksa dk vkSj rhljk vYykg rv+kyk dh usv+erksa dk n¶+rj gksxk vkSj tc dksbZ usdh yk;h tk;sxh rks mlds eqd+kcys usv+er j[k nh tk;sxh gRrk fd usfd;k¡ usv+erksa esa [k+Re gks tk;asxh flQ+Z xqukg vkSj cqjkb;k¡ ckd+h jg tk;saxh fQj vYykg rv+kyk dks mu ij bf[+r;kj gSA pkgs rks viuh jger ls c[+’k ns ;k lt+k ns vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger mldh eqgCcr ds cx+Sj gkfly ugha gksrh vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh eqgCcr gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh eqgCcr ds cx+Sj gkfly ugha gksrh vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh eqgCcr vgys cSr dh eqgCcr ds cxS+j gkfly ugha gksrh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye o vgys cSr vrgkj ds lnd+s o olhys ls gh gj ‘k[+l dks tUur feysxh rks tks ‘k[+l tUur vkSj mldh nk;eh usv+erksa dk rkfyc o [+okfg’k eUn gks mls pkfg;s fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr dks ykft+e idM+ ys D;ksafd uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& vgys cSr dh eqgCcr dks ykft+e idM+ks rks cs’kd tks ‘k[+l bl gky esa vYykg rv+kyk ls feyk 36 reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr okfjls tUur gSaA
fd oks esjs vgys cSr dks egcwc j[krk Fkk vkSj esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djrk Fkk rks oks gekjh ‘kQ+kv+r ds olhys ls tUur esa nkf[k+y gksxk ml t+kr dh d+le ftlds d+Ct+s dqnjr esa esjh tku gS fdlh ‘k[+l dks mldk v+ey gekjs gd+ dh ekv+jQ+r gkfly fd;s cx+Sj Q+k;nk ugha nsxkA ¼eqv+te vkSlr gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe ls fjok;r gS jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us vkf[k+jh pht+ tks bj’kkn Q+jekbZ oks ;s gS fd eq>s esjs vgys cSr esa ryk’k djksA gt+jr vcw elÅ+n vUlkjh jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&ftlus uekt+ i<+h vkSj eq> ij vkSj esjh vky ij nq:n u i<+k mldh gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk djeYykgq otgqy djhe Q+jekrs gaS fd jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us eq>s crk;k fd esjs lkFk lcls igys tUur esa nkf[k+y gksus okys eSa ¼gt+jr v+yh½ lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ gSa eSus v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg gels eqgCcr djus okys dgk¡ gksaxs vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k 37 rcjkuh&2@360½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@172½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr& rcjkuh&4@173½ uekt+ dqcwy u gksxhA ¼cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&2@530½ ¼rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&14@173½ rqEgkjs ihNs gksaxsA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@164½
gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&lcls igys gkSt+s dkSlj ij eq>ls esjs gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ls Q+jek;k ¼,s Q+kfrek½ eSa vkSj rw vkSj ;s nksuks ¼gluSu djheSu½ vkSj v+yh ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ jkst+s d+;ker ,d gh txg ij gksaxsA ¼etemT+t+okbn&9& ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us ,s vyh rw vkSj rsjs ennxkj ¼jkst+s d+;ker½ esjs ikl gkSt+s dkSlj ij psgjs dh ‘kknkch vkSj lSjkc gksdj vk;saxs vkSj muds psgjs ¼uwj dh otg ls½ lQ+sn gksaxs vkSj cs’kd rsjs nq’eu ¼jkst+s d+;ker½ esjs ikl gkSt+s dkSlj ij cnuqek psgjksa ds lkFk l[+r I;kl dh gkyr esa vk;saxsA ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&1@319½ gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu elÅ+n ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& esjs vgys cSr dh ,d fnu dh eqgCcr ,d lky dh b+cknr ls csgrj gS vkSj tks blh eqgCcr ij Q+kSr gqvk oks tUur esa nkf[k+y gks x;kA ¼eqLun 38 vgys cSr feysaxsA ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@100½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@131½ vy fQ+jnkSl&2@142½ 169]180½ ¼eqLun vgen&1@101] 2@692½ gt+jr e©yk v+yh ls Q+jek;k&
gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe esa ls csgrjhu oks gS tks esjs ckn esjs vgys cSr ds fy;s csgrjhu gSA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@352½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@174½ ¼vy fQ+nkSl&2@170½ ¼rkjh[k+ cx+nkn&7@276½ gt+jr vcw jkQ+v+ c;ku djrs gSa fd jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr v+yh ls Q+jek;k cs’kd tks igys pkj ‘k[+l tUur esa nkf[k+y gksaxs oks eSa]¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ vkSj rqe ¼gt+jr v+yh½ vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ gksaxs vkSj gekjh vkSykn gekjs ihNs gksxh vkSj gekjh chfo;k¡ gekjh vkSykn ds ihNs gksaxh vkSj gekjs pkgus okys gekjs nk¡;s vkSj ok¡;s tkfuc gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd pkj ‘k[+l ,sls gSa fd d+;ker ds jkst+ ftuds fy;s eSa ‘kQ+kvr djus okyk gksÅ¡xk ¼vkSj oks ;s gSa½ esjh vkSykn dh bT+t+r o rdjhe djus okyk vkSj mudh gktkr dks iwjk djus okyk vkSj muds eqv+keykr ds fy;s rx o nw ¼nkSM+ /kwi½ djus okyk vkSj fny o tku ls muls eqgCcr djus 39 ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@131½ okykA ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@100 g0&34180½ gksaxsA ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&1@319½
xqft+Lrk lQ+k ij et+dwjk vgknhl esa eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds fy;s tks bukekr vkSj vTjs v+t+he ls cgjs;kc gksus dk tks ft+Ø gqvk gS mldh lv+knr ftldks gkfly gks tk;s rks mlds ,t+kt+ks bdjke o e’kjZrks dkejkuh dk v+kye D;k gksxk jkst+s d+;ker gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj dh dqcZr ls tks eq’kjZQ+ gks tk;s oks vYykg rv+kyk dh jger o veku esa jgsxk vkSj ;s eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds fy;s cM+s Q[+j vkSj e’kZjr dk ed+ke gksxk vgys cSr ls eqgCcr dh tt+k vYykg dh jger o tUur gS vkSj buls cqXt+ o gt+jr v+CnqYyk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk oks ‘kghn ejk tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk oks ex+Qwj ejk ¼;kuh mldh ex+fQjr gks xbZ½ vkSj tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk oks tUur esa bl rjg tk;sxk ftl rjg nqYgu vius nwYgk ds ?kj tkrh gS vkSj tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk rks mldh d+cz ij vYykg rv+kyk jger ds Q+fj’rksa dks eqd+jZj Q+jek;sxk vkSj tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk oks jkst+s eg’kj bl rjg vk;sxk fd mldh is’kkuh ij vk;rs jger fy[kh gksxh vkSj tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen ds cqXt+ ij ejk oks tUur dh [kq’cw Hkh ugha lw¡?ksxkA 40 &% vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus okys tgUuqeh gSa %&&% vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus okys tgUuqeh gSa %& v+nkor dh lt+k nkst+[k+ gSA ¼gqCcs vgys cSr vkSj rkft+;knkjh&14]15½
gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& ml ‘k[+l ij vYykg rv+kyk dk l[+r v+t+kc gksxk tks esjs vgys cSr ds ckjs esa eq>s rdyhQ+ igq¡pk;sxkA ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@93½ gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& vxj dksbZ ‘k[+l dkckrqYykg ds ikl :Dus ;ekuh vkSj ed+kes bczkghe ds nje;ku [kM+k gksdj uekt+ i<+s vkSj jkst+k ¼Hkh½ j[ks fQj oks bl gky ij ejs fd esjs vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[krk Fkk rks cs’kd oks tgUuqe esa tk;sxkA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@161½ ¼eqv+te dchj vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus ds lcc bUlku ds reke usd vkeky vdkjr ¼cckZn½ gks tkrs gSa vkSj nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa mlds vkeky mls dksbZ uQ+k u nsaxs ftlus vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kk xks;k mlus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls cqXt+ j[kk vkSj ftlus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls cqXt+ j[kk xks;k mlus vYykg rv+kyk ls cqXt+ j[kk vkSj ,slk ‘k[+l tgUuqe esa fugk;r l[+r v+t+kc esa eqfCryk gksxk vkSj u mldh uekt+s mlds dke vk;saxh vkSj u jkst+k vkSj u nhxj usd vkeky cfYd oks nkf[k+ys tgUuqe gksxk vkSj tgUuqe dh 41 rcjkuh&11@176½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@171½ ngdrh gqbZ vkx mldk nk;eh fBdkuk gksxhA
gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& [kqnk dh d+le ftlds d+Ct+s dqnjr esa esjh tku gS ge vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus okyk dksbZ ,d ‘k[+l Hkh ,slk ugha fd ftls vYykg rv+kyk tgUuqe esa u Mkys ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@162½ gt+jr vcw lb+Zn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& ftlus vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kk oks equkfQ+d+ gSA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&7@349½ ¼beke vgen mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa& uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks viuh deyh esa ys fy;k vkSj nqv+k dh ,s vYykg tks buls v+nkor ¼nq’euh½ j[ks rw mlls v+nkor j[k vkSj tks budks nksLr j[ks rw tSlk fd vgys bZeku dk v+d+hnk gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh nqv+k dHkh jn~n ugha gksrh cfYd ‘kjQ+s ed+cwfy;r ikrh gS ;kuh tks vgys cSr vrgkj dk nksLr gS oks vYykg rv+kyk dk nksLr gS vkSj tks vgys cSr dk nq’eu gS oks vYykg rv+kyk dk nq’eu gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dk nq’eu nkst+[k+h vkSj v+t+kcs bykgh dk eqLrfgd+ o lt+kokj gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk ftls viuk nksLr cuk ys oks jgers bykgh vkSj tUur dk eqLrfgd+ o lt+kokj gS 42 mls nksLr j[kA ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@166½ fcu gEcy& Q+t+kbys lgkck&2@661½
gt+jr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYyk ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& tks esjs vgys cSr ls cqXt++ j[krk gS vYykg rv+kyk mls jkst+s d+;ker ;gwfn;ksa ds lkFk tek djsxk pkgs oks jkst+s uekt+ dk ikcUn D;ksa u gks vkSj [kqn dks gt+jr t+Sn fcu vjd+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ rqe ftlls yM+ksxs eSa Hkh mlls yM+w¡xk vkSj ftlls rqe lqyg djksxs eSa Hkh mlls lqyg d:¡xkA ¼frfeZt+h&2@762½ ¼bCus ektk&1@82½ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& ,s vYykg tks eq>ls vkSj esjs vgys cSr ls cqXt+ o v+nkor j[krk gks mls dljrs eky vkSj dljrs vkSykn ls uokt+ ;s mudh xqejkgh ds fy;s dkQ+h gS fd mudk eky dlhj gks tk;s il ¼ml dlhj eky ds ckbl½ mudk fglkc rohy ¼yEck½ gks tk;s vkSj mudh fotnkfu;r ¼tt+okrh pht+sa½ dlhj gks tk;s rkfd muds ‘k;krhu dljr ls gks tk;saA 43 ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@492½ ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&5@184½ ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@161½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr&rcjkuh&4@212½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@172½ eqlyeku xqeku djrk gksA
&% vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr okftc gS %&&% vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr okftc gS %& vYykg rv+kyk gekjk [k+kfyd+ o ekfyd gS ftlus gesa v’kjQqy e[k+ywd+kr cuk;k vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh mEer esa iSnk Q+jek;k vkSj gesa nhus bLyke v+rk fd;k tks dk;ukr dh reke usv+erksa esa lcls vQ+t+y usv+er gS ftlus gesa cs‘kqekj usv+erksa cjdrksa ls uokt+k ftlus ge eqlyekuksa ds fy;s tUur dks vkjkLrk fd;k ftlus gekjh nqU;koh t+:fj;kr o gktkr dh rdehy dh vkSj nqfu;k¡ esa bUlku dh bfCnrk ls bf[+rrke rd vkSj d+cz ls d+;ker rd vkSj d+;ker ls nkf[k+ys tUur rd gesa vYykg rv+kyk dh jger fugk;r t+:jh gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ds fy;s vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh eqgCcr gkfly djus ds fy;s mlds egcwc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh eqgCcr t+:jh gS ftuds t+fj;s gesa dqjku o lqUur vkSj vgdkes ‘kjhv+r o jkgs fgnk;r feyh vkSj ftuds rqQS+y gesa nqfu;k¡ esa cs ‘kqekj usv+ersa feyha vkSj bUgha ds olhys vkSj ‘kQ+kv+r ls vYykg rv+kyk gesa tUur v+rk djsxk vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls eqgCcr djuk xks;k vYykg rv+kyk ls eqgCcr djuk gS vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq vySg olYye dh eqgCcr ds fy;s vgys cSr ls eqgCcr t+:jh gS vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj gqtwj lYyYykgq vySg olYye dh lqUurksa o dekykr dk t+kfgjh o ckfruh vkbuknkj csgrjhu uewuk gSa vkSj 44 mldh bafrgkbZ eqgCcr t+:jh gSA
bLyke dh cd+k ds t+kfgjh eqgkfQt+ vgys cSr vrgkj gaS ftuls vkt bLyke ft+Unk o rkfcUnk gSA gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k esjh mEer esa ls mlds fy;s esjh ‘kQ+kv+r gS ftlus esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr dhA gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& vYykg rv+kyk ls eqgCcr djks fd oks rqEgas usv+erksa ls uokt+rk gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk ds fy;s eq>ls eqgCcr djks vkSj esjs gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& vkneh d+;ker ds fnu d+cz ls mBdj b/kj m/kj gjdr u dj ldsxk tc rd mlls pkj ckrksa dk tokc u ys fy;k tk;s m+ez ds ckjs esa fd fdl dke esa xqt+kjh vkSj ftLe dh rkd+r ds ckjs esa fd dgk¡ [k+pZ dh vkSj eky ds ckjs esa fd dgk¡ [k+pZ fd;k vkSj esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr ds gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us 45 ¼rkjh[k+ cx+nkn&2@146½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@737½ ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&3@46½ ds ckjs esaA ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&11@83½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&10@346½ lcc ls esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djksA
Q+jek;k& fd viuh vkSykn dks rhu ckrsa fl[kkvks vius uch dh eqgCcr vkSj vius uch ds vgys cSr dh eqgCcr vkSj dqjku i<+uk rks cs’kd dqjku ds b+Ye okys d+;ker ds fnu ftl fnu vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ds lk;s ds flok dksbZ lk;k u gksxk vYykg dh jger ds lk;s esa ;s yksx vfEc;k vkSj usd cUnksa ds lkFk gksaxsA ¼dqatqy m+Eeky&16@456½ jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls Q+jek;k&,s v+yh cs’kd vYykg rv+kyk us rq>s vkSj rsjh vkSykn dks vkSj rsjs ?kj okyksa dks vkSj rsjs ennxkjksa dks vkSj rsjs pkgus okyksa dks c[+’k fn;k gS il rq>s ;s gt+jr vcwtj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us dkcs dk njokt+k idM+s gq;s Q+jek;k&fd eSaus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk gS fd rqeesa esjs vgys cSr dh felky uwg v+ySgllyke dh d’rh ds ekfuUn gS fd tks blesa lokj gks x;k oks futkr ik x;k vkSj tks ihNs jgk ¼;kuh tks p<+ u vgys cSr dks d’rh&,&uwg ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dgus dk ekuk vkSj eQ+gwe ;s gS fd oks yksx tks uwg ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ds eqfUdj Fks vkSj vYykg o jlwy dh ukQ+jekuh djrs vkSj dq¶+j o ‘kjd’kh esa eqfCryk jgrs Fks vkSj muesa ls ckt+ us uwg ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks cqXt+ o dhuk ds lcc eq[+rfyQ+ vfT+t+;rsa igq¡pk;ha Fkha oks reke ljd’k yksx gt+jr uwg ¼v+ySgLlyke½ 46 ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%& [kq’k[k+cjh eqckjd gksA ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&5@329½ ik;k½ oks gykd gks x;kA ¼fe’dkr&3@264½
dh d’rh esa lokj u gks lds vkSj rwQkus uwg esa x+d+Z gksdj gykd gks x;s vkSj tks yksx d’rh esa lokj gks blh rjg ftuds fny vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr ls ycjst+ gSa oks futkr ik tk;saxs vkSj vkf[k+jr esa vTjs v+t+he ds eqLrfgd+ vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ls cgjs;kc gksaxs vkSj tUur esa nkf[k+y gksaxs vkSj ftuds fny vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr ls [k+kyh gaS muds fy;s gykdr gS vkSj oks yksx vgys cSr vrgkj ls cqXt+ o dhuk ls ckbl ukjs tgUuqe esa rwQ+kus uwg dh rjg x+d+Z gks tk;saxs vkSj tgUuqe ds eq[+rfyQ+ v+t+kc esa eqfCryk fd;s gj ekeykr esa ,rnky csgrj ‘kS% gS ysfdu eqgCcr ds ekeys ,rnky ugha D;ksafd eqgCcr dh dksbZ gn ugha gksrh vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds egcwc jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj ls gesa ftl d+nj eqgCcr gksrh gS ml fed+nkj ls dbZ xquk T+;knk gesa mudh d+qjcr gkfly gksrh gS et+hn gekjh cf[+’k’k vkSj vPNs g’j o vYykg rv+kyk dh jger o [kq’kuwnh dk lcc curh gS vkSj eqgCcr o vd+hnr ij gh bZeku dh cqfu;kn vkSj cf[+’k’k dk bfUglkj gS ;kuh lgh my v+d+hnk vkSj lPph eqgCcr ls gh gekjh gt+jr v+Cckl fcu v+Cnqy eqRrfyc ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ us gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg 47 x;s Fks oks futkr ik x;s FksA tk;saxsA ex+fQ+jr vkSj vPNs g’j mEehn curh gSA
olYye ls f’kdk;r dh fd dqjS’k tc vkil esa xq¶+rxw dj jgs gksrs gaS vkSj ge ¼bl njfe;ku½ tc muls feyrs rks oks xq¶+rxw cUn dj nsrs vkSj [k+keks’k gks tkrs rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k ml t+kr dh d+le ftlds d+Ct+s dqnjr esa esjh tku gS fd fdlh ‘k[+l ds fny esa ml oD+r rd bZeku nkf[k+y ugh gks ldrk tc rd fd vYykg rv+kyk ds fy;s vkSj esjh d+jkcr dh otg gt+jr bCus m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk c;ku gS fd gt+jr vcwcØ fln~nhd+ ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ Q+jekrs gaS fd jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh jt+k eUnh vkSj [kq’kuwnh uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg us Q+jek;k& dksbZ cUnk ml oD+r rd eksfeu ugha gks ldrk tc rd fd eSa mlds ut+nhd mldh tku ls T+;knk egcwc rj u gks tkÅ¡ vkSj esjs vgys cSr mls mlds vgys [kkuk ls T+;knk egcwc rj u gks tk¡;as vkSj esjh vkSykn mls viuh vkSykn ls T+;knk egcwc u gks tk;s vkSj esjh t+kr mls viuh t+kr ls T+;knk egcwc rj gks tk;sA ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&7@70½ ¼’kqv+cqy bZeku&2@189½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&1@88½ 48 ls esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr u djsA ¼bCus ektk&1@80½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@727½ vgys cSr dh eqgCcr esa gSA ¼lgh cq[k+kjh&2@424]433½ ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&5@154½
gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe &% ds eukfd+c %& gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe &% ds eukfd+c %& gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh t+krs vd+nl ls f[k+ykQ+rs ckfruh vkSj foyk;r dk ljp’ek QwVk tks vgys cSr vrgkj dks v+rk gqvk tks ckn esa fo;kyr o beker ds uke ls ekSlwe gqvk gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us viuk uk;cs foyk;r gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks eqd+jZj fd;k vkSj gt+jr beke glu o gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ fcyk;rs v+yh dh uwjkuh ‘keak ds nks eq[+rfyQ+ psgjs vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ds uk;cs fcyk;r gaS gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls gh dqrfc;r eqtn~fn;r x+kSfl;r] v+Cnkfy;r ds p’es QwVs ftlls mEer ds eksfeuhu o vkSfy;k o lkfyghu Q+St+;kc gq;s vkSj fcyk;r dk ;s flyflyk gt+jr esagnh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ij [k+Re gksxkA gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dh Q+t+hyr esa ftruh vgknhl eqckjdk okfjn gSa fdlh nhxj lgkck dh Q+t+hyr esa bruh vgknhl okfjn ugha gSa vki ds t+krs ikd dks oks ed+keks efUt+yr vkSj ,st+kt+ gkfly gqvk tks nhxj lgkck dks gkfly u Fkk vki vkyk ejrcr o ikdht+k lhjrks fdjnkj ds gkfey Fks vki dh Q+t+hyr esa cs’kqekj vgknhl eUdwy gSa ftuesa ls ckt+ dk rt+fdjk ntsZ t+Sy gS gt+jr t+Sn fcu vjd+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg 49 eqykfgt+k Q+jek;saA
olYye us x+nhjs [kqe ij d+;ke fd;k vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk gkFk idM+dj Q+jek;k ftldk eSa ekSyk gw¡ mldk v+yh ekSyk gSA ¼frfeZt+h&2@710½ ¼fe’dkr&3@243½ ¼x+nhjs [kqe eDdk eqdjZek vkSj enhuk equOojk ds gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jftvYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd x+nhjs [kqe dk fnu Fkk tc uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dk gkFk idM+dj Q+jek;k& ftldk eSa ekSyk gw¡ mldk v+yh ekSyk gSA bl ekSd+s ij vYykg rv+kyk us ;s vk;r ukft+y Q+jekbZ&fd vkt eSaus rqEgkjs fy;s rqEgkjs nhu dks eqdEey dj fn;k vkSj rqe ij viuh usv+ersa iwjh dj nha vkSj rqEgkjs fy;s ¼crkSj½ nhu bLyke ilUn dj fy;kA ¼lw0&ek;nk&5@3½ ¼beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh&nqjsZ eUlwj&2@708½ ¼bCus dlhj& vy fonk;k ou fugk;k&5@464½ ¼bCus vlkdj& gt+jr vcw lb+Zn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ;s vk;rs eqckjdk&fd ,s jlwy ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ tks dqN vkidh rjQ+ vkids jc ds tkfuc ls ukft+y fd;k x;k ¼oks lkjk yksxksa dks½ igq¡pk nhft;s ¼lw0&ek;nk&5@67½ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dh Q+t+hyr esa ukft+y gqbZ bl vk;r dk ‘kkus uqtwy 50 njfe;ku ,d txg dk uke gS½ rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&45@176½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr&rcjkuh&3@324½
51 c;ku djrs gq;s Q+jekrs gaS fd ;s vk;rs eqckjdk tc ukft+y gqbZ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dk gkFk idM+k vkSj Q+jek;k fd ftldk eSa ekSyk gw¡ mldk v+yh ekSyk gS ,s vYykg rw mls nksLr j[k tks v+yh dks nksLr j[ks gt+jr t+Sn fcu vjd+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us x+nhjs [kqe ds ed+ke ij f[k+rkc fd;k vkSj Q+jek;k& ftldk eSa ekSyk gw¡ mldk v+yh ekSyk gS ,s vYykg tks v+yh dks nksLr j[ks rw mls nksLr j[k tks v+yh ls v+nkor j[ks rw mlls v+nkor j[k vkSj tks v+yh dh uqljr ¼enn½ djs rw mldh uqljr Q+jeka vkSj tks v+yh dh bv+kur djs rw mldh bv+kur Q+jekaA ¼datqy m+Eeky&11@609½ ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&5@192 ¼vyfonk;k ou uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk gkFk idM+k vkSj Q+jek;k v+yh gj ml ‘k[+l dk nksLr gS tks eq>s nksLr j[krk gS uht+ Q+jek;k& ,s vYykg rw mldks nksLr j[k tks v+yh dks nksLr vkSj mlls v+nkor j[k tks v+yh ls v+nkor j[ksA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&2@817½ ¼rQ+lhj dchj&12@49]50½ ¼rQ+lhj et+gjh&3@152½ fugk;k&4@170½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@104½ j[krk gSA ¼bCus ektk&1@72½
jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& v+yh eq>ls gS vkSj eSa v+yh ls gw¡ vkSj esjs ckn et+dwjk gnhl ikd bl ckr ij nykyr djrh gS fd dksbZ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls tqnk xqeku u djs gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe dk vncks ,grjke o rkt+heks rdjhe xks;k rkt+hes eqLrQ+k gS vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dh rud+hl xks;k rud+hls eqLrQ+k gS vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k dk ft+Ø ft+Øs eqLrQ+k gS vkSj ft+Øs eqLrQ+k njvLy ft+Øs [kqnk gS vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ ls eqgCcr xks;k gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls eqgCcr dh v+yker gS vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls eqgCcr vYykg rv+kyk ls eqgCcr dh v+yker gS vkSj ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk eqfgc esgcwcs eqLrQ+k gS vkSj esgcwcs eqLrQ+k esgcwcs [kqnk gS vkSj gt+jr v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dk nq’eu njvLy nq’eus jlwy gS vkSj nq’eus jlwy njvLy nq’eus [kqnk gS vkSj reke nq’eus jlwy d+kfcys ykur vkSj tgUuqe ds vgy vkSj v+t+kcs ukj ds eqLrfgd+ gSaA gt+jr vEekj fcu ;kflj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k& tks eq> ij bZeku yk;k vkSj esjh rlnhd+ dh eSa mls foyk;rs v+yh dh olhv+r djrk gw¡ ftlus v+yh dks oyh 52 v+yh gj eksfeu dk oyh gSA ¼frfeZt+h&2@710½
tkuk mlus eq>s oyh tkuk vkSj ftlus eq>s oyh tkuk mlus vYykg dks oyh tkuk vkSj ftlus v+yh ls eqgCcr dh mlus eq>ls eqgCcr dh vkSj ftlus eq>ls eqgCcr dh mlus vYykg ls eqgCcr dh vkSj ftlus v+yh ls cqXt+ j[kk mlus eq>ls cqXt+ j[kk vkSj ftlus eq>ls cqXt+ j[kk mlus vYykg ls cqXt+ foyk;rs v+yh ds QS+t+ ds cxS+j u dksbZ x+kSl gks ldk u dksbZ dqrqc vkSj u dksbZ v+Cnky gks ldk foyk;r] x+kSfl;r] beker] dqrfc;r] v+Cnkfy;r lc foyk;rs v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v++Ugq½ ds QS+t+ ls gSa vkSj vkidh lhjrs ikd reke eqlyekuksa ds fy;s csgrjhu jkgs fgnk;r dk uewuk gS ,d erZck pkj vlgkc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkgs vd+nl esa gkft+j gq;s muesa ls ,d us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dh f’kdk;r djrs gq;s v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg D;k vkius ugha ns[kk fd gt+jr v+yh us ,slk fd;k vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us mlls eq¡g Qsj fy;k fQj nwljk mBk mlus Hkh gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh f’kdk;r esa ;gh dgk vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us mlls Hkh eq¡g Qsj fy;k fQj blh rjg rhljs vkSj pkSFks ‘k[+l us Hkh mBdj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh f’kdk;r esa oks gh ckr nksgjkbZ fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye mudh rjQ+ eqroTtS gq;s vkSj vki 53 j[kkA ¼datqy m+Eeky&11@611½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@108]109½ ¼eqLun vy fQ+jnkSl&1@429½ ¼rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&40@181]182½
lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds psgjs eqckjd ls xqLlk t+kfgj gks jgk Fkk vki us Q+jek;k fd rqe vyh ls D;k pkgrs gks ¼;s rhu erZck Q+jek;k½ fQj bj’kkn Q+jek;k& v+yh eq>ls gS vkSj eSa v+yh ls gw¡ vkSj oks esjs ckn gj eksfeu dk oyh gSA ¼frfeZt+h&2@710½ et+dwjk gnhl ikd esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe dh f’kdk;r ij gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk psgjk eqckjd eqrkx+b;j gks tkuk vkSj ml ij xqLls dk t+kfgj gksuk vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk mu f’kdk;r djus okys vlgkc ls eq¡g Qsjuk vkSj vki lYyYykgq vySg olYye dk ;s bj’kkn Q+jekuk fd v+yh eq>ls gS vkSj eSa v+yh ls gw¡ bl ckr dh rjQ+ b’kkjk djrk gS fd rqe tks gt+jr v+yh dh f’kdk;r djrs gks rks xks;k rqe esjh ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ dh f’kdk;r djrs gks D;ksafd tc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jeak fn;k fd v+yh eq>ls gS vkSj eSaa v+yh ls gw¡ rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh f’kdk;r djuk xks;k gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh f’kdk;r djuk gS vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk et+dwjk vgknhl esa nwljk Q+jeku fd esjs ckn v+yh gj eksfeu dk oyh gS ;kuh tks gt+jr ekSyk vyh dh foyk;r dk eqfUdj gS oks eksfeu gh ugha cfYd equkfQ+d+ gS gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ds cs’kqekj Q+t+kby o ejkfrc gSa ftudk ‘kqekj vkSj eqokft+uk djuk uk 54 ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%& eqefdu gSA
gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye Q+jek;k djrs Fks fd fdlh equkfQ+d+ dh gt+jr v+yh ls eqgCcr ugha gks ldrh vkSj dksbZ eksfeu gt+jr v+yh ls cqXt+ ugha j[k ldrkA ¼frfeZt+h&2@712½ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us eq>ls v+gn Q+jek;k fd rq>ls eksfeu gh eqgCcr djsxk vkSj rq>ls cqXt+ j[kus ml t+ekus eas lgkckfdjke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ equkfQ+d+ksa vkSj eksfeuksa dh igpku bl rjg fd;k djrs Fks fd ftlds psgjs ij gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ds uke ls ejksM+ o fldqM+u vk tk;s rks oks equkfQ+d+ gS vkSj ftldk psgjk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ds uke ls ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& gt+jr v+yh dk esjs lkFk rv+kYyqd+ bl rjg ls gS ftl rjg gk:u ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dk ewlk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ds lkFk rv+kYyqd+ gS vycRrk esjs gt+jr lkn fcu vch oD+d+kl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS tc vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye x+t+c;s rcwd dks r’kjhQ+ ys tk jgs Fks rks 55 okyk equkfQ+d+ gh gksxkA ¼bCus ektk&1@72½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@718½ [kq’kh vkSj e’kjZr ls f[ky mBs oks eksfeu gSA ckn ucwor ughaA ¼lgh cq[k+kjh&1@526½
gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe dks enhuk equOojk dk [k+yhQ+k eqd+jZj fd;k rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh us gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vki eq>s v+kSjrksa vkSj cPpksa esa NksM+s tkrs gSa vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h vkSj [kq’k ugha fd rqEgkjk ntkZ esjs ut+nhd ,slk gS tSls gk:u v+ySgLlyke dk ntkZ ewlk v+ySgLlyke ds ut+nhd Fkk ij esjs ckn dksbZ uch ughaA ¼lgh eqfLye&6@90½ ot+kgr%&gt+jr gk:u v+ySgLlyke ewlk v+ySgLlyke ds ppk t+kn HkkbZ Fks vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ppk t+kn HkkbZ Fks tc vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye x+t+o;s rcwd ij tkus ds fy;s rS;kj Fks ml oD+r vkius ;s bj’kkn Q+jek;k fd ,s v+yh D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h vkSj [kq’k ugha fd rqEgkjk ntkZ esjs ut+nhd ,slk gS tSls gk:u v+ySgLlyke dk ewlk v+ySgLlyke ds ut+nhd Fkk bl bj’kkns eqckjd ls gt+jr ekSyk v+yh¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks oks ‘kjQ+ ¼erZck½ feyk tks cuh bZljkbZy esa gk:u v+ySgllyke dks feyk Fkk exj Q+d+Z bruk Fkk fd gk:u v+ySgLlyke uch gaS vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye [k+kfreqy vfEc;k gSa vkids ckn dksbZ iSx+Ecj nqfu;k¡ esa ugha vkuk FkkA tc vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye x+t+o;s rcwd ij tkus yxs rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks enhuk equOojk dk [k+yhQ+k eqd+jZj fd;k rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh us v+t+Z fd;k fd vki ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ eq>s vius lkFk x+t+o;s ot+kgr%& 56
rcwd ij ugha ys tk jgs cfYd v+kSjrksa vkSj cPpksa dh ns[kHkky o fgQ+kt+r ds fy;s enhus esa NksM+s tk jgs gaS rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h vkSj [kq’k ugha fd rqEgkjk esjs lkFk rv+kYyqd+ bl rjg gS ftl rjg gk:u v+ySgLlyke dk ewlk v+ySgLlyke ds lkFk rv+kYyqd+ Fkk tc gt+jr ewlk v+ySgLlyke dksgs rwj ij x;s rks gt+jr gk:u v+ySgLlyke dks viuk [k+yhQ+k cuk x;s Fks ysfdu bl gnhl ;s eqjkn ugha fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds folky ds ckn Hkh vki [k+yhQ+k gksaxs cfYd gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us oD+rh rkSj ij [k+yhQ+k eqd+jZj fd;k Fkk x+jt+ ;s fd tks d+jkcr gk:u v+ySgLlyke dks ewlk v+ySgLlyke ls Fkh mlls dbZ xquk T+;knk d+jkcr gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k dks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls FkhA lkn fcu vch oD+d+kl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd eqv+kfo;k fcu vcw lqfQ+;ku us lkn fcu vch oD+d+kl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks gqDe fn;k vkSj iwNk fd rqe vcw rqjkc ¼gt+jr v+yh eqrZt+k½ dks cqjk D;ksa ugha dgrs gt+jr lkn jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq us dgk fd eSa rhu ckrksa dh otg ls gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dks cqjk ugha dgw¡xk tks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jekbZ Fkha eSaus lquk gS gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ls x+t+c;s rcwd ij tkrs oD+r eq[k+kfrc gksdj Q+jek;k ,s v+yh D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h ugha fd rqEgkjk nt+kZ esjs ut+nhd ,slk gS tSls gk:u v+ySgLlyke dk ewlk 57
v+ySgLlyke ds ut+nhd Fkk ij esjs ckn dksbZ uch ugha vkSj eSaus lquk gS [kS+cj ds fnu vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k dy eSa ,sls ‘k[+l dks >.Mk nw¡xk tks eqgCcr j[krk gS vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy ls vkSj vYykg vkSj mldk jlwy Hkh mlls eqgCcr j[krs gSa vkSj mlds gkFkkas ij vYykg rv+kyk Q+rg nsxk ;s lqudj ge bafrt+kj djrs jgs fQj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k v+yh dks cqykvks fQj gt+jr v+yh vk;s rks mudh v¡k[kas nq[rh Fkha gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr v+yh dh v¡k[kksa ij viuk yqv+kcs ngu eqckjd yxk;k ¼il mudh v¡k[kkas dh reke rdyhQ+s [k+Re gks xbaZ½ fQj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dks >.Mk fn;k x;k vkSj vYykg rv+kyk us gt+jr v+yh ds gkFk ij Q+rg nh vkSj eSaus lquk gS tc ;s vk;r ukft+y gqbZ fd cqyk;sa ge vius csVksa dks vkSj cqykvks rqe vius csVksa dks-- ------¼vk;rs eqgkcyk½ rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ dks cqyk;k vkSj et+dwjk gnhl eqckjdk ls dbZ ckrsa okt+sg gqbaZ gSa ,d ;s fd vYykg o jlwy vkSj gt+jr v+yh dh ckgeh eqgCcr o d+jkcr bl ckr ij nykyr djrh gS fd gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ejrcr ds v+kyk ed+keks efUt+yr ij Q+kbt+ Fks vkSj nwljh ckr jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds b+Yes x+Sc dks lkfcr djrh gS fd vki 58 Q+jek;k ,s vYykg ;s esjs vgys cSr gSA ¼lgh eqfLye&6@91½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@714½ ¼vcw rqjkc gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh dqfUu;r gS½ rljhg%&rljhg%&
lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s Q+jekuk fd dy eSa ml ‘k[+l dks >.Mk v+rk d:¡xk ftlds gkFkksa ij vYykg rv+kyk Q+rg nsxk ;s vki lYyYykgq v+ySg rhljh ckr ;s fd tc vk;rs eqgkcyk ukft+y gqbZ rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us vCukvuk esa glu o gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ dks vkSj fulkvuk esa flQZ+ lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ dks vkSj vUQqlkuk esa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us vius lkFk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks ‘kkfey fd;k vkSj Q+jek;k ;s esjs vgys cSr gSa vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds bl Q+jekus eqckjd us yksxksa ds vgys cSr ds eqrkv+fYyd+ eqx+kyrs dh uQ+h dj nh fd dksbZ ‘k[+l v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks esjs vgys cSr ls tqnk xqeku u djs cfYd esjs vgys cSr esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& ,s v+yh rw nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa ljnkj gS rsjk egcwc esjk egcwc gS vkSj esjk egcwc vYykg dk egcwc gS vkSj rsjk nq’eu esjk nq’eu gS vkSj esjk nq’eu vYykg dk nq’eu gS vkSj mlds fy;s gykdr ¼cckZnh½ gS tks esjs ckn rqEgkjs lkFk cqXt+ j[ks ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@138½ 59 olYye ds b+Yes x+Sc ij nykyr djrk gSA v+kyk njtkr ds eUlc ij Qkbt+ gSA
gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls Q+jek;k ;s v+yh fcu vcw rkfyc gSa budk xksLr esjk xksLr gS vkSj budk [kwu esjk uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k vYykg rv+kyk v+yh ij jge Q+jek;s uht+ Q+jek;k ,s vYykg v+yh ft/kj dks #[k djsa gd+ dk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe gd+ o fgnk;r ds dkfey o csgrjhu uewuk Fks vki us dHkh gd+ o fgnk;r dk vkSj gd+ o fgnk;r us dHkh vkidk lkFk u NksM+k ftl rjg :g vkSj ftLe dk et+cwr ckgeh rv+kYyqd+ gksrk gS mlh rjg gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk gd+ o fgnk;r ls et+cwr ckgeh rv+kYyqd+ Fkk vkSj ;s lkjk Q+St+ nqv+k;s eqLrQ+k ds vlj o fuLcrs gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us lgkckfdjke ds njfe;ku HkkbZ pkjk d+k;e djk;k rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ bl gkyr esa gkft+j gq;s fd vkidh v¡k[kkas ls vk¡lw tkjh Fks vkdj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vkius lgkck ds njfe;ku HkkbZ pkjk 60 [kwu gSA ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&11@93½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@102½ :[k Hkh m/kj dks gks tk;sA ¼frfeZt+h&2@712½ eqLrQ+k ls FkkA
d+k;e Q+jek;k ysfdu eq>s fdlh dk HkkbZ ugha cuk;k vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k ,s v+yh jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks viuk HkkbZ d+jkj fn;k vkSj nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa gt+jr vul fcu ekfyd ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ikl ,d idk gqvk ifjUnk j[kk Fkk vkius nqv+k ek¡xh ,s vYykg e[k+ywd+ esas ls vius egcwc rjhu ‘k[+l dks esjs ikl Hkst rkfd oks esjs lkFk ;s ifjUnk [kk;s brus esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh gkft+j gq;s fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ds lkFk gt+jr v+CnqYyk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe us Q+jek;k& tc eSa dqN ek¡xrk gw¡ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye eq>s v+rk Q+jekrs gSa vkSj vxj eSa [k+keks’k jgrk gw¡ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye eq>ls bfCrnk Q+jekrs gSa ¼;kuh vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gt+jr v+yh ls [kqn iwNrs vkSj cxS+j loky ds v+rk Q+jekrs½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@713½ 61 ¼frfeZt+h&2@713½ vki bl vt+he ejrcr ls cgjs;kc gq;sA ifjUnk [kk;kA ¼frfeZt+h&2@713½ rqe nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa esjs HkkbZ gksA
gt+jr tkfcj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us rkW;Q+ ds fnu gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks cqyk;k vkSj muls ljxks’kh ¼dkukQwlh½ dh rks yksxksa us dgk gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh vius ppkt+kn HkkbZ ds lkFk ljxks’kh rohy gks xbZ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k eSaus v+yh ls ljxks’kh ugha dh cfYd vYykg rv+kyk us v+yh ls ljxks’kh Q+jekbZ gS ¼;kuh vYykg rv+kyk ds gqDe ls eSus ljxks’kh dh gS½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@715½ gt+jr mEes v+rh;k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us ,d y’dj Hkstk ftlesa gt+jr v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ Hkh Fks eSus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks gkFk mBk;s nqv+k ek¡xrs gq;s lquk Fkk ,s vYykg ml oD+r rd esjk folky u gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dh tqnkbZ esa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s nqv+k Q+jekuk bafrgkbZ eqgCcr dh v+yker gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ls csgn eqgCcr Fkh vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dks Hkh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls csbafrgk eqgCcr Fkh gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe vYykg o jlwy ds eqfgc Hkh Fks vkSj esgcwc Hkh FksA 62 ¼frfeZt+h&2@719½ gks tc rd rw eq>s v+yh dks u fn[kk nsA
gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ds njokt+s ds flok reke njokt+s cUn djus dk gqDe gt+jr beke glu fcu v+yh ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ us [kqRck fn;k vkSj Q+jek;k& xqft+’rk dy rqels oks gLrh tqnk gks xbZ ftuls u rks xqft+’rk yksx b+Ye esa lcd+r ys lds vkSj u gh ckn esa vkus okys muds b+Yeh erZcs dks ik ldsaxs gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye mudks viuk >.Mk nsdj Hkstrs Fks vkSj ftcjkbZy vkidh nk¡;h rjQ+ gksrs Fks vkSj ehdkbZy vkidh ck¡;h rjQ+ gksrs Fks vkSj vkidh Q+rg gksus rd oks vkids lkFk jgrs FksA ¼eqLun vgen&1@199½ gt+jr tkfcj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ c;ku djrs gSa fd x+tc;s [k+Scj ds fnu gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ us fd+yk [kS+cj dk njokt+k mBk fy;k ;gk¡ rd fd eqlyeku fd+ys ij p<+ x;s vkSj mls Q+rg dj fy;k gkyk¡fd ml njokt+s dks pkyhl vkneh feydj mBkrs FksA ¼beke v’kd+ykuh& Q+rgqy ckjh&7@478½ ¼beke bCus v+yh ‘kSck& vy gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& eSa b+Ye dk ‘kgj gw¡ vkSj v+yh 63 fn;kA ¼tks efLtns ucoh esa [kqyrs Fks½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@717½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr& rcjkuh&2@336½ eqlfUuQ+&6@347½
mldk njokt+k gS fygktk tks bl ‘kgj esa nkf[k+y gksuk pkgrk gS oks ckcs v+yh ls vk;sA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@126]127½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@114½ ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@44½ ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&11@55½ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& eS fgder dk ?kj gw¡ vkSj tks ‘k[+l gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkgs vd+nl ls b+Yeks ekv+jQr ls Q+St+;kc gksus dk rkfyc gks rks mls ckcs v+yh ls xqt+juk gksxk ckcs v+yh ls xqt+js cx+Sj ckjxkgs eqLrQ+k ls dksbZ QS+t+;kc ugha gks ldrk vkSj ckcs v+yh vgys cSr vrgkj dh lPph eqgCcr o v+d+hnr ls [kqyrk gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh dqcZr o jlkbZ vkSj Q+T+yks dje dk gqlwy uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr ls gSA gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd gt+jr v+yh ds psgjs dks ns[kuk Hkh b+cknr gSA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@102&g0&4737½ ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&4@294½ mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa fd eSus vius okfyn gt+jr vcw cØ fln~nhd+ ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks ns[kk fd oks dljr ls gt+jr v+yh ds 64 v+yh mldk njokt+k gSA ¼frfeZt+h&2@714½
psgjs dks ns[kk djrs Fks rks eSus vkils iwNk fd ,s vCcktku D;k otg gS fd vki dljr ls gt+jr v+yh ds psgjs dh rjQ+ ns[krs jgrs gSa gt+jr vcw cØ fln~nhd+ ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us tokc fn;k fd ,s esjh csVh eSus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk gS fd gt+jr v+yh ds gt+jr ryhd+ fcu eqgEen c;ku djrs gS fd eSus gt+jr b+ejku fcu glhu dks ns[kk fd oks gt+jr v+yh dks VdVdh ck¡/ks ns[k jgs Fks fdlh us muls iwNk fd vki ,slk D;ksa dj jgs gSa rks mUgksaus tokc fn;k fd eSus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk fd gt+jr v+yh dh rjQ+ mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd v+yh dk ft+Ø Hkh b+cknr gSA ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&2@244½ + +gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rvkyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa fd eSus uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk gS fd v+yh vkSj dqjku dk pksyh nkeu dk lkFk gS ;s nksuksa dHkh Hkh tqnk u gksaxs ;gk¡ rd fd esjs ikl gkSt+s dkSlj ij ¼Hkh 65 psgjs dks ns[kuk Hkh b+cknr gSA ¼bCus vlkdj&rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&42@355½ ns[kuk Hkh b+cknr gSA ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@109½ ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&18@109½ ¼datqy m+Eeky&11@601½ bdV~Bs½ vk;saxsA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@134½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@134½
gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ Q+jekrs gSa fd ;s vk;kr& cs’kd tks yksx bZeku yk;s vkSj usd v+ey fd;s rks jgeku muds fy;s ¼yksxksa ds½ fnyksa esa eqgCcr iSnk Q+jeak nsxk& ¼lw0&ej;e&19@96½ ;s vk;rs djhek gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dh ‘kku esa mrjh vkSj blls eqjkn eksfeuhu ds fnyksa esa gt+jr v+yh gt+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls fjok;r gS fd ;s vk;r gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ds gd+ esa ukft+y gqbZ ;kuh eksfeuhu ds fnyksa esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh eqgCcr Mky nhA beke v+Cnqy jT+t+kd us gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ls fjok;r fd;k gS fd bl vk;r ls eqjkn nqfu;k¡ esa eksfeuhu ds fnyksa esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh eqgCcr gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k dh ‘kku ck tqckus dqjku& oks tks vius eky [kS+jkr djrs gSa jkr esa vkSj fnu gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ;s vk;r gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk vU+gq½ ds gd+ es ukft+y gqbZ vkids ikl pkj fnjge Fks vkius ,d fnjge jkr 66 dh eqgCcr Mkyuk gSA ¼r¶+lhj dqjrch&6@153½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@125½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&4@747½ ¼r¶+lhj et+gjh&6@161½ iSnk djuk gSA ¼r¶+lhj vCnqy jTt+kd&2@367½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&4@748½ esa Nqis gq;s vkSj t+kfgj ¼lw0&cd+jkg&274½
dks ,d fnjge fnu dks vkSj ,d fnjge [kqfQ+;k ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&1@936½ ¼r¶+lhj bCus v+Cckl&1@165½ ¼r¶+lhj bCus dlhj&1@384½¼r¶+lhj et+gjh&1@539½ ¼r¶+lhj dqjrch&2@419½ 67 dqjku ethn dh lwjg rgjhe esa vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy rks cs’kd vYykg gh mudk nksLr o ennxkj gS vkSj ftcjbZy vkSj lkfygqy eksfeuhu ¼usd bZeku okys½ eqQ+fLljhusfdjke bl vk;r dh rQ+lhj esa Q+jekrs gSa fd lkfygqy eksfeuhu ls eqjkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh gt+jr vLek fcUrs m+eSl ¼jftvYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS fd eSusa uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk gS fd lkfygqy beke bCus vlkdj ¼jgerqYykg v+ySg½ us bCus vC+ckl jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls c;ku fd;k gS fd lkfygqy eksfeuhu ls eqjkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼rkjh[+k bCus vlkdj&42@361½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&6@643½ ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ gSaA ¼r¶+lhj bCus dlhj& 28@566½ eksfeuhu gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ gSaA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&6@643½ ¼r¶+lhj dqjrch&9@504½ ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk vU+gq½ gSaA vkSj ,d fnjge ,sykfu;k¡ [k+pZ fd;kA djhe½ dks lkfygqy eksfeuhu Q+jek;k& vkSj Q+fj’rs muds ennxkj gSaA ¼lw0&rgjhe&4½
gt+jr lb;nk Q+kfrek v+ySgLlyke [k+okrhu esa lcls vQ+t+y o vkyk gaS vkSj dk;ukr dh reke v+kSjrksa dh ljnkj gSa vYykg rv+kyk us bUgs [k+kl b+uk;kr o flQ+kr ls uokt+k gS iwjh bUlkuh dk;ukr esa fdlh dks gwj dk yd+c v+rk ugha gqvk vki [k+kl b+uk;kr o flQ+kr o ,st+kt+ dh cqfu;kn ij [k+kl v+t+erksa dh gkfey Fkha vki v+kfcnk] t+kfgnk] rkfgjk] ‘kkfdjk o lkfcjk vkSj jc dh jt+k ij jkt+h jgus okyh csfeLy ikdht+k [k+krwu Fkha gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh uwjs ut+j mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr [k+nht+krqy dqcjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ dh y[+rs ftxj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dh tkst+k vkSj gluSu djheSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ dh ek¡ vkSj reke [k+okrhus tUur vYykg rv+kyk us lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼lykeqYykg v+ySgk½ dks oks ,t+kt+ vkSj cqyUn ed+keks ejrc ls uokt+k ftldh dksbZ nwljh felky ugha vkSj fdlh nwljh [k+krwu dks ;s ‘kjQ+ gkfly u gqvk vkidh [kqlwfl;kr esa ls ;s Hkh gS fd vkidk fudkg v+’ksZ vkt+e ij equfD+d+n gqvk vkSj vki eklwehu dh Q+sgfjLr o vklekuh ‘kkf[+l;rksa ds t+qejs esa ‘kkfey gSa ljojs dk;ukr jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks viuh lcls I;kjh o ykMyh csVh lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼lykeqYykg v+ySgk½ ls csgn eqgCcr Fkh vkSj bl eqgCcr dk vankt+ tqnkxkuk Fkk gqtwj 68 &% [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek lykeqYykg v+ySgk ds eukfd+c %& &% [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek lykeqYykg v+ySgk ds eukfd+c %& dh ljnkj gSaA
lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls lb;nk Q+kfrek v+ySgLlyke dk fj’rk flQ+Z cki vkSj csVh dk fj’rk u Fkk cfYd gqDes bykgh ls mEer ds eqLrd+fcy o gd+ o fgnk;r vkSj beker o fd+;knr ¼jguqekbZ½ mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls Q+jek;k& ,s Q+kfrek D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h ugha fd rqe esjh mEer dh reke v+kSjrksa dh ljnkj gksA gt+jr gqt+SQ+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS Q+jekrs gaaS fd esjh okfynk us eq>ls iwNk fd rqeus dc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls eqykd+kr dh Fkh eSus dgk fd bruh eqn~nr ls eSa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls ugha fey ldk ;s lqudj oks jat+hnk gqbaZ rks eSaus v+t+Z fd;k fd eq>s btkt+r nhft;s fd eSa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds lkFk ex+fjc dh uekt+ i<w¡ vkSj rqEgkjs vkSj vius fy;s nqv+k;s ex+fQ+jr djkÅ¡ il eSa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gqvk vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds lkFk uekt+s ex+fjc vnk dh ;gk¡ rd fd vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us uekt+s b’kka vnk Q+jekbZ vkSj py iM+s eSa Hkh vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ihNs py iM+k esjh vkgV lqudj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k dkSu gqt+SQ+k gS eSaus v+t+Z fd;k th gk¡ vki 69 vkSj jgcjh ls eqUlfyd gSA ¼lgh eqfLye&6@121½
lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k rq>s D;k dke gS vYykg rq>s vkSj rsjh ek¡ dks c[+’k ns fQj Q+jek;k ;g ,d Q+fj’rk gS tks vkt jkr ls igys dHkh ugha mrjk blus vius jc ls btkt+r ek¡xdj eq>s lyke djus vkSj eq>s ;s [kq’k[k+cjh nsus ds fy;s gkft+j gqvk gS fd Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ reke tUurh v+kSjrksa dh ljnkj gSa vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ reke tUurh ukS tokuksa ds ljnkj rljhg%& et+dwjk gnhl ikd ls dbZ ckrsa okt+sg gqbaZ gSa fd gt+jr gqt+SQ+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ viuh vkSj viuh okfynk dh nqv+k;s ex+fQ+jr ds bjkns ls uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gq;s Fks ysfdu gt+jr gqt+SQ+k ds ¼nqv+k;s ex+fQ+jr½ v+t+Z djus ls d+Cy ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s Q+jekuk fd ,s gqt+SQ+k vYykg rv+kyk rq>s vkSj rsjh ek¡ dks c[+’k ns vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s bj’kkns eqckjd vkids b+Yes x+Sc ij nykyr djrk gS fd vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds b+Yes x+Sc esa ;s ckr Fkh fd gt+jr gqt+SQ+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ fdl nwljh ckr ;s fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij lyke i<+us ij yxus okys ,rjkt+kr dh uQ+h dj nh fd tc eykbdk ¼Q+fj’rs½ bT+us [kqnk ls gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks lyke v+t+Z djus dh x+jt+ ls vkrs gSa rks ge eqlyeku vius I;kjs vkd+k rktnkjs enhuk jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq rljhg%& 70 gSaA ¼frfeZt+h&2@734½ bjkns ls esjs ikl vk;s gSaA
v+ySg olYye ij lyke Hkstrs gSa rks ckt+ yksxksa dks D;ksa rdyhQ+ gksrh gS vkSj lyke i<+us ij ,rjkt+kr yxkrs gSa gkyk¡fd muds reke ,rjkt+kr cs cqfu;kn vkSj cn v+d+hnxh vkSj muds cs&bZeku gksus ij rhljh ckr ;s fd vYykg rv+kyk us Q+fj’rs ds t+fj;s vius egcwc rd ;s iSx+ke vkSj [kq’k[k+cjh Hksth fd [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ reke [k+okrhus tUur dh ljnkj gSa vkSj gluSu djheSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ reke tokukus tUur ds ljnkj gSa cfYd gd+hd+r ;s gS fd gluSu djheSu reke tUurh enks± ds ljnkj gSa D;ksafd gnhl ikd esa gS fd tUur esa dksbZ Hkh enZ o v+kSjr cw<+k ugha gksxk ;kuh lc toku gksaxs vkSj rhl lky dh m+ez ds gksaxs vkSj ges’kk blh m+ez esa jgsaxs vkSj u dHkh mudh jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& Q+kfrek esjs ftxj dk VqdM+k gS mldh rdyhQ+ esjh rdyhQ+ gS vkSj tks pht+ mls vfT+t+;r ns oks esjs fy;s Hkh vfT+t+;rukd gS ¼frfeZt+h&2@763½ uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& Q+kfrek esjs ftLe dk fgLlk gS ftlus Q+kfrek dks xqLlk fnyk;k mlus eq>s xqLlk fnyk;kA ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& cs’kd Q+kfrek esjh ‘kk[k+s lejckj gS ftl 71 nykyr djrs gSaA tokuh [k+Re gksxhA ¼lgh cq[k+kjh&2@424½
pht+ ls mls [kq’kh gksrh gS ml pht+ ls eq>s Hkh [kq’kh gksrh gS vkSj ftl pht+ ls mls rdyhQ+ igq¡prh gS [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh eqgCcr dk ;g ,d vyx vankt+ gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us lb;nk Q+kfrek dks vius ftLe vd+nl dk ,d tqt+ vkSj ftxj dk VqdM+k dgk vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s Q+jekuk fd Q+kfrek dh gj rdyhQ+ xks;k esjh rdyhQ+ gS vkSj Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks xqLlk fnykuk vkSj mUgsa ukjkt+ djuk xks;k eq> ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ dks xqLlk fnykuk vkSj ukjkt+ djuk gS vkSj lb;nk Q+kfrek dks tks pht+ [kq’kh igq¡pkrh gS oks pht+ eq>s Hkh [kq’kh igq¡pkrh gS vkSj ;s gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼lykeqYykg v+ySgk½ ds njfe;ku ,d vuks[kh vkSj cs feLy ckgeh eqgCcr gS ftldh dksbZ nwljh felky ugha gS vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh rdyhQ+ o ukjkt+xh njvLy vYykg gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us lb;nk Q+kfrek ls Q+jek;k& cs’d vYykg rv+kyk rsjh ukjkt+xh ij ukjkt+ gksrk gS vkSj rsjh jt+k ij 72 ml pht+ ls eq>s Hkh rdyhQ+ igq¡prh gSA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@168½ ¼eqLun vgen&4@332½ rv+kyk dh ukjkt+xh vkSj xt+c dk ckbl gSA jkt+h gksrk gSA ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&1@108½ ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@167½
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye tc lQ+j dk bjknk Q+jekrs rks vius vgy o v+;ky esa lcls vkf[k+j esa lb;nk Q+kfrek ls xq¶+rxw Q+jekdj lQ+j ij j*okuk gksrs vkSj lQ+j ls ckilh ij lcls igys lb;nk Q+kfrek ds ikl r’kjhQ+ ykrs vkSj Q+jekrs& ,s Q+kfrek esjs reke lgkckfdjke dk ;s ekywe Fkk fd tc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gksrs vkSj dqN v+t+Z djrs rks dgrs fd ;k jlwyqYykg esjs ek¡ cki vki ij dqckZu gksa exj uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ut+nhd lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dh d+njks efUt+yr o ,st+kt+ dk oks cqyUn ed+ke Fkk fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye viuh y[+rs ftxj [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ls Q+jekrs ,s Q+kfrek esjs ek¡ cki rq> ij dqckZu gksaA gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& esjs ikl ,d Q+fj’rs us vkdj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vYykg rv+kyk us vki ij lyke Hkstk vkSj Q+jek;k fd eSus vkidh csVh Q+kfrek dk fudkg ekyk&,&vkyk ¼v+’ksZ vkt+e½ ij v+yh fcu vcw rkfyc ls dj fn;k gS il vki 73 ek¡ cki rq> ij dqckZu gksaA ¼bCus vlkdj&rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&43@141½ ¼gkfde& vy eqLrnjd&3@169]170½ t+ehu ij Q+kfrek dk fudkg v+yh ls dj nsaA ¼eqfgCcs rcjh&1@73½
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu elÅ+n jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k vYykg rv+kyk us eq>s gqDe Q+jek;k gS fd Q+kfrek dk fudkg v+yh ls dj nw¡A lb;nk Q+kfrek lykeqYykg v+ySgk dh ‘kkuks v+t+er dk ;s v+kye fd vkidks ;s ‘kjQ+s v+t+he gkfly gqvk gS fd vkidk fudkg vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r us v+’ksZ vkt+e ij equfD+d+n fd;k vkSj vkids etfyls fudkg esa ¼40½ pkyhl gt+kj Q+fj’rksa us f’kdZr dh fQj gqDes [kqnk ls t+ehu ij vkidk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k esjh csVh Q+kfrek d+;ker ds fnu bl rjg mBsxh fd ml ij bT+t+r dk tksM+k gksxk ftls vkos g;kr esa /kks;k x;k gksxk lkjh e[k+ywd+ mls ns[kdj nax jg tk;sxh fQj mls tUur dk fyckl iguk;k tk;sxk ftldk gj gqYyk ¼tUurh fyckl½ gt+kj gqYyksa ij eq’krfey gksxk vkSj gj ,d ij lCt+ [k+r ls fy[kk gksxk esjh csVh Q+kfrek dks vglu ¼cgqr vPNh] cgqr [kwc½ lwjr o vdey ¼cM+h dkfey] fugk;r ekfgjs Q+u½ o reke rj djker vkSj bT+t+r ds lkFk nqYgu dh rjg ltkdj lRrj gt+kj gwjksa ds >qjeqV esa tUur esa ys tk;k 74 ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@204½ ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&10@156½ fudkg gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ls gqvkA tk;sxkA ¼eqfgCc rcjh&95½
gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& d+;ker ds fnu eq>s cqjkZd ij vkSj esjh csVh Qkfrek dks esjh lokjh m+t+ck ij fcBk;k tk;sxk jkst+s d+;ker vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r gt+jr lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks oks cqyUn ed+ke o bT+t+rks bdjke ls ljQ+jkt+ Q+jek;sxk fd vfEc;kfdjke Hkh mUgsa ns[kdj j’d djsaxs jkst+s d+;ker gqDes [kqnk gksxk fd ,s eg’kj okyks viuh fuxkgsa vkSj ljksa dks >qdk yks rkfd Q+kfrek fcUrs eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ xqt+j tk;s vkSj vki nks lCt+ pknjksa esa fyiVh gqbZ lRrj gt+kj gwjksa gt+jr vcw vb;wc vUlkjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jkst+s d+;ker v+’kZ dh xgjkb;ksa ls ,d funk nsus okyk vkokt+ nsxk fd ,s eg’kj okyksa vius ljksa dks >qdkyks vkSj viuh fuxkgsa uhph dj yks rkfd Q+kfrek fcUrs eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ iqy fljkr ls xqt+j tk;sa il vki lRrj gt+kj [k+kfnek gwjksa ds lkFk xqt+jsaxhA mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS Q+jekrh gSa fd eSus jlwys vdje ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ dh lkgct+knh [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ls c<+dj fdlh dks vknkr glu lhjr o fdjnkj vkSj od+kj 75 ¼rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&10@353½ ds >qjeqV esa xqt+j tk;saxhaA ¼eqfgCcs rcjh&1@94½ ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@105½
o mBus cSBus esa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds eq’kkck ugh ns[kk uht+ Q+jekrha gSa tc Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ r’kjhQ+ ykrha rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ¼muds bLrd+cky ds fy;s½ [kM+s gks tkrs vkSj mUgsa pwers fQj mUgsa viuh txg fcBkrs vkSj tc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼lykeqYykg v+ySgk½ ds ;gk¡ r’kjhQ+ ys tkrs rks lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds bLrd+cky ds fy;s½ [kM+h gks tkrha vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks pwerh vkSj viuh txg fcBkrh tc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye v+yhy ¼chekj½ gq;s rks lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ gkft+j gqb± vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij >qd xb± vki dk ckslk fy;k fQj lj mBk;k vkSj jks iM+ha fQj nksckjk >qdha vkSj lj mBk;k rks gal jgh Fkha gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds folky ds ckn eSaus muls iwNk fd crkvks fd tc vki gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij igyh ckj >qdha vkSj lj mBk;k rks vki jks jgha Fkha fQj nksckjk >qddj lj mBk;k rks gal jgha Fkha bldh D;k otg gS rks vkius Q+jek;k&eq>s gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us crk;k fd blh et+Z esa esjk folky gksxk rks eSa jks iM+h fQj crk;k vgys cSr esa lcls igys rqe eq>ls feyksxh ;s lqudj eSa gal iM+hA ¼frfeZt+h&2@765½ ¼lgh cq[k+kjh&2@424½ gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ fjok;r djrh gSa fd tc lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ viuh ejtqy ekSr esa eqfCryk gqb± rks eSa mudh rhekjnkjh fd;k djrh Fkh chekjh ds bl 76
iwjs v+lsZ ds nkSjku tgk¡ rd eSaus ns[kk fd ,d fnu lqcg mudh gkyr csgrj Fkh vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ fdlh dke ls ckgj x;s Fks lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk us dgk ,s vEek ¼mEes lyek½ esjs xqLy ds fy;s ikuh yk;sa rks eSa ikuh yk;h vkSj vki lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us xqLy fd;k fQj cksyha vEek eq>s u;k fyokl nsa vkSj eSaus ,slk gh fd;k fQj vki fd+Cyk :[k+ gksdj ysV xb± vkSj viuk gkFk eqckjd vius :[k+lkj vd+nl ds uhps dj fy;k vkSj Q+jek;k vEek vc esjh oQ+kr gks tk;sxh eSa ¼xqLy djds½ ikd gks pqdh gw¡ fygkt+k eq>s dksbZ u [kksys il mlh txg vkidh oQ+kr gks xbZA ¼eqLun vgen&6@461½¼etemT+t+okbn&9@210½ gtjr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYykg ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k esjh csVh dk uke Q+kfrek blfy;s j[kk x;k gS fd vYykg rv+kyk us mls vkSj mlls eqgCcr j[kus okyksa dks nkst+[k+ ls vyx&Fkyx dj fn;k gSA ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@109 g0&34227½ gtjr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us ckjxkgs fjlkyr ekc esa v+tZ+ fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vkidks esjs vkSj Q+kfrek esa dkSu T+;knk egcwc gS vki lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k Q+kfrek eq>s rqe ls T+;knk I;kjh gS vkSj rqe eq>s mlls T+;knk v+t+ht+ gks ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@173½ 77 ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@364½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr&rcjkuh&7@343 g0&7675½
ljojs dk;ukr jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ftLe vd+nl ij lokjh djus okys gluSu djheSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ v+t+he ‘kkuks v+t+er o ejrcr ds ml v+kyk ed+ke ij Q+kbt+ Fks ftldk rlOoqj Hkh eqgky gS gluSu djheSu dks uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh xksn eqckjd vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k o [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dh t+sjs fuxjkuh o ljijLrh esa rjfc;r ikus dk ‘kjQ+ gkfly gqvk ftudks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us viuh tqckus eqd+n~nl pqlkdj ikyk ftudks viuh iq’r eqckjd ij lokj djds f[kyk;k ftudks vius csVs vkSj xqy’kus nqfu;k¡ ds nks Qwy d+jkj fn;k buls eqgCcr dks viuh eqgCcr vkSj buls v+nkor ¼nq’euh½ dks viuh v+nkor d+jkj fn;k vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us viuh mEer ij gluSu djheSu dh eqgCcr dks okftc dj fn;k ;s oks vt+he gfLr;k¡ gS fd ftu ij eykbdk ¼Q+fj’rs½ Hkh ekjdk&,&djcyk esa gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us viuh vk¡[kks ls vius xqy’ku dks mtM+rs ns[kk fQj Hkh vkids d+ne eqckjd esa ,d yEgs ds fy;s Hkh yx+ft+’k u vkbZ vki ij elkbcks vkyke ds igkM+ VwVs fQj Hkh vki lcz o rgEeqy ij bfLrd+ker dk nkeu idM+s gq;s nhus eqgEenh dh fgQ+kt+r dh taxs djcyk esa ftUuks ds ckn’kkg vkidh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gqvk vkSj v+t+Z 78 &% eukfd+cs gluSu djheSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ %&&% eukfd+cs gluSu djheSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ %& j’d fd;k djrs gSaA
dh ,s beke v+kyh ed+ke vki btkt+r nsa rks eSa bu reke y’djs ;t+hn dk [k+kRek dj nw¡ ysfdu gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ us Q+jek;k fd eSa rqEgsa btkt+r ugha ns ldrk D;ksafd rqe vkSj rqEgkjk y’dj lc ftUu gSa tks fn[kkbZ ugha nsrs vkSj bUlku vkSj ftUukr dh tax ;s uk balkQ+h gS vkSj eSa uk balkQ+h dh tax ugha djuk pkgrk D;ksafd eSa ;gk¡ v+n~yks balkQ+ dh tax dj jgk gw¡ vkSj vkius ;s gt+jr beke gqlSu eSnkus djcyk esa [kqRck bj’kkn Q+jeak jgs Fks vkSj vius [k+seksa ds fxnZ vkx jks’ku djok yh Fkh ekfyd fcu m+oZkg us iqdkj dj dgk ,s gqlSu rqeus ogk¡ dh vkx ls igys ;gha vkx yxk nh rc vkius Q+jek;k ,s nq’eus [kqnk eq>s mEehn gS fd eSa tUur esa tkÅ¡xk vkSj rw nkst+[k++ esa tk;sxk fQj vkius ckjxkgs [kqnkoUnh esa vius gkFk eqckjd mBk;s vkSj nqv+k dh ,s esjs jc bl uk& cdkj dks v+t+kcs ukjs tgUuqe ls d+Cy bl nqfu;k¡ esa vkx dk v+t+kc ns vkSj vkidh nqv+k ed+cwy gqbZ vkSj mlh oD+r ekfyd fcu m+okZg dk ?kksM+k fondk vkSj mldk ik¡o jdkc esa my>k vkSj ?kksM+k mls ?klhVrk gqvk ys x;k vkSj vkx dh [k+Und+ esa Mky fn;k vkSj oks vkx esa tydj HkLe gks x;k fQj gt+jr beke v+kyh ed+ke us lTnk&,&’kqØ vnk fd;k vkSj gEns bykgh ctk yk;s vkSj v+t+Z fd;k ,s vYykg rsjk ‘kqØ gS fd rwus vkys jlwy ds xqLrk[k+ 79 dgdj ftUukr ckn’kkg dks :[k+lr dj fn;kA dks lt+k nhA ¼lokusg djcyk&88½
,d ;t+hnh cn dyke xqLrk[k+ us gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ls dgk fd vkidks vYykg ds jlwy ls D;k fulcr bl tqeys us gt+jr beke v+kyh ed+ke dks bZt+k ¼rdyhQ+½ igq¡pkbZ vkSj vkius nqv+k Q+jekbZ ,s vYykg bl cn xq¶+rkj dks vius v+t+kc esa fxj¶+rkj Q+jeak vkidh nqv+k ed+cwy gqbZ vkSj ml cn xq¶+rkj dks ,dne d+t+k;s gktr gqbZ vkSj oks ?kksM+s ls mrjdj ,d rjQ+ cjg~uk ¼uaxk½ gksdj d+t+k;s gktr ds fy;s cSBk fd ,d fl;kg fcPNw us ,slk Mad ekjk fd pkjksa rjQ+ nkSM+k&nkSM+k fQjk vkSj gluSu djheSu dh ‘kkuks v+t+er o Q+t+hyr esa cs’kqekj vgknhl okfjn gSa ftuesa ls dqN gt+jr ;v+kyk fcu ejkZg ls fjok;r gS uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k gqlSu et+dwjk gnhl ikd esa ;s ckr dk+fcys roTtkS gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk Q+jeku fd gqlSu eq>ls gS ;s ckr rks le> esa vkrh gS ysfdu ;s Q+jeku fd eSa gqlSu ls gw¡ blesa D;k fgder gS D;ksafd tqt+ dqy ls gksrk gS dqy tqt+ ls ugha gksrk rks bl v’kd+ky dk eQ+gwe vkSj [kqyklk ;s gS fd [kkrwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dh xksn eqckjd ls djcyk rd gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ eq> ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ls Fkk vkSj djcyk ls d+;ker rd eSa ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg 80 ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%& fQj ej x;kA ¼lokusg djcyk&89½ dk rt+fdjk gLcs tS+y gSA eq>ls gS vkSj eSa gqlSu ls gw¡A ¼frfeZt+h&2@732½
olYye½ gqlSu ls gw¡ ;kuh bLyke dk oqtwn eqgEenh gS vkSj bLyke dh cd+k gqlSuh gS nhus bLyke ekjdk ,&djcyk ds ckn gqlSu ls gS njvLy dekykrs gqlSu dk lqnwj eqLrQ+k ls gqvk vkSj dekykrs eqLrQ+k dk tgwj gqlSu ls gqvk dekykrs gqlSu dk elnj eqLrQ+k gSa vkSj dekykrs eqLrQk dk et+gj gqlSu gaSA tks dekykr gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ esa Fks oks reke eqLrQ+k ls Fks vkSj oks dekykrs eqLrQ+k ftudk t+gwj gksuk ckd+h Fkk oks djcyk esa okdS+v+ gq;s ‘kgknr beke gqlSu vLy esa ‘kgknrs eqLrQ+k dh rdehy Fkh vkSj Q+jekus eqLrQ+k fd eSa gqlSu ls gw¡ bl rjQ+ Hkh b’kkjk djrk gS fd gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dk t+kfgj o ckfru o gqLuks teky o [kwfc;k¡ o fdjnkjks deky vkSj lhjrks v[k+ykd+ lc eq> ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ls gSa vkSj esjh ‘kgknr o lczks ‘kqØ vkSj ed+kes jt+k ij bfLrd+ker ds dekykr dk t+gwj gqlSu ls lkfnj gksxk tks esjs nhu bLyke dh vYykg rv+kyk us vius egcwc jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ‘kgknr ds t+gwj ds fy;s gt+jr beke gqlSu dks eqUr[k+c Q+jek;k blfy;s vYykg rv+kyk us gluSu djheSu dks tqfjZ;rs eqLrQ+k v+rk Q+jekbZ vkSj t+kfgjh o ckfruh eq’kkcgr v+rk dh vkSj gluSu djheSu ds dekykr dk elnj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks cuk;k vkSj dekykrs eqLrQ+k dk et+gj gluSu 81 djheSu dks cuk;kA fgQkt+r vkSj cd+k dk lcc cusxkA
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
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अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
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अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
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अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
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अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)
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अज़मते ताज़ियादारी हिन्दी बुक (Azmate Taziyadari Hindi Book)

  • 1.
  • 2. enkj cqd fMiks eduiqj ¼dkuiqj½ 09695661767 v+t+ers rkft+;knkjh eqv+fYyQ+ Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh
  • 3. uke fdrkc& v+t+ers rkft+;knkjh eqv+fYyQ+& Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh ut+js lkuh& ekSykuk fljktqn~nhu okjlh lus b’kkv+r& tqykbZ&2016 jet+kuqy eqckjd ¼1437 fgt+jh½ dEiksfta+x& veu & t+Suqy vkcnhu d+her& 80 :i;s v+t+ers rkft+;knkjh © tqeyk gqdw+d+ ukf’kj ds fy;s egQwt+ gaS &% feyus ds irs %&&% feyus ds irs %& enkj cqd fMiks eduiqj ¼dkuiqj½ 09695661767 enkj cqd fMiks tkosn cqd lsyj djgy ¼eSuiqjh½ 09634447000 tkosn cqd lsyj mnZw cqd gkml rykd egy ¼dkuiqj½ 09389837386]09559032415 mnZw cqd gkmlvuokj mnZw cqd fMiks fclkr [kkuk eSuiqjh 09319086703 vuokj mnZw cqd fMiks
  • 4. Q+sgfjLr et+kehu u0 ‘kqekj lQ+gk 01& v+t+sZ eqv+fYyQ+ ----------------------- 02& eukfd+cs vgys cSr vrgkj dqjku dh jks’kuh esa ----------------- 03& eukfd+cs vgys cSr vrgkj vgknhl dh jks’kuh esa -------------- 04& reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr tUurh gSa --------------------------- 05& vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus okys tgUuqeh gSa ------------------------- 06& vgys cSr dh eqgCcr okftc gS ------- 07& gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ds eukfd+c ------------- 08& [kkrwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek lykeqYykg v+ySgk ds eukfd+c -------- 09& eukfd+cs gluSu djheSu v+ySfgeqLlyke ------------------------ fgLlk nkse 10& rkft+;knkjh ds tkbt+ gksus ds ‘kjbZ nykby ------------------------ fgLlk lkse 11& rkft+;knkjh ,d egcwc o ed+cwy v+ey gS --------------------- 07 09 26 30 40 44 49 68 78 111 163 &% fgLlk vOoy %&
  • 5. vYg+Enq fyYykfg jfCcy v+kyehu oLlykrq oLlykeq v+yk lb;fny eqjlyhu vEek ckv+n Q+v+kmtw fcYykgh feu’’kSrkfujZjthe fclfeYyk fgjZjg+ekfujZ reke [kwfc;k¡ vkSj rkjhQsa flQ+Z vYykg rv+kyk ds fy;s gSa tks reke dk;ukr dk ,d vdsyk ekfyd o [k+kfyd+ gS ftlus viuh jg+er o esgjckuh dh pknj ls vius cUnksa dks <k¡i j[kk gS ftlus dk;ukr dh r[k+yhd+ o rjrhc dks gqLuks teky c[+’kk tks fnyks ds iks’khnk jkt+ks ij eqRrykv+ gS tks reke fg+derksa o xS+cksa dk tkuus okyk gS dk;ukr dk dksbZ ,slk t+jkZ ugha tks mldh gEnks luk u djrk gks gj ‘kS% mlds rkcSv+ o d+Ct+s dqnjr esa gS tks viuh c<+kbZ vkSj cqyUnh esa ;drk gS mldk dksbZ ‘kjhd ugha tks usv+ers vkSj fjT+d+ v+rk djus okyk] fgnk;r nsus okyk] fgQ+kt+r djus okyk] cM+k c[+’kus okyk vkSj nq:nks lyke gks jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij tks t+kfgj o ckfru esa rb;c o rkfgj gSa tks reke ,s+cks ud+kbl ls ikd m+ywes xS+c ds tkuus okys gSa ftUgas vYykg rv+kyk us uwj o fgnk;r ds lkFk ecÅ+l Q+jek;k ftuds uwj ls nks v+kye esa mtkyk gS vYykg rv+kyk us ftUgas dkSlj v+rk dh ftl ij jkst+s d+;ker I;kls eksfeu vk;saxs vkSj lSjkc gksdj tk;saxs ftUgkasus xqejkfg;ksa ds va/ksjksa ls fudkydj jkgs fgnk;r vkSj jkgs futkr fn[kkbZ vYykg rv+kyk us vius gchc dks vkSlkQ+ o 786@92 5 jg+he0 fugk;r esgjcku vkSj csgn dje djus okyk gSA
  • 6. v[k+ykd+ esa cqyUn vkSj cs feLy vkSj reke vfEc;kfdjke dk ljnkj vkSj vius uwj ls gqtwjs ikd dk ftLes vr~gj dks r[k+yhd+ fd;k ftudk vkSj jger o lykerh gks vkids vgys cSr vrgkj ij tks nhu dh fgQ+kt+r vkSj cd+k ds fy;s dqjcku gks x;s tks jkst+s d+;ker eqfgCckus vgys cSr dh futkr dk t+fj;k gksaxs vkSj gj vkQ+r o elkbc ds njfe;ku <+ky gksaxs vkSj jger o lykerh gks vkidh vt+okts eqrg~jkr vkSj vkidh vky o vlgko vkSj reke vkSfy;k&,&fdjke o lwfQ;k&,& fdjke ij vkSj mu ij tks vYykg rv+kyk ds 6 t+kfgj o ckfru lc uwj gSA eqd+jZc o e[k+lwl cUns gSA
  • 7. &% v+t+sZ eqv+fYyQ+ %&&% v+t+sZ eqv+fYyQ+ %& vyg+Enq fyYykfg jfCcy v+kyehu vYykg rv+kyk dk yk[k yk[k ‘kqØ o ,glku gS ftldh rkSQ+hd+ ls eq> g+d+hj ljkik rd+lhj dks ;s fdrkc fy[kus dh lv+knr gkfly gqbZ gkyk¡fd eSa blds d+kfcy u Fkk exj esjs jc us vius egcwc ljojs dk;ukr lYyykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr vkSj muds ukySus ikd ds lnds+ vkSj vius gchc jgers nks v+kye lYyykgq v+ySg olYye ds ts+js b+uk;r gesa bl ‘kjQ+ ls cgjs;kc Q+jek;k o v+rk;s ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk djeYykgq otgqy djhe o dje gt+jr x+kSlqy vkt+e v+Cnqy d+kfnj thykuh jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq o QS+t+s :gkuh [+oktk x+jhc uokt+ o reke vkys jlwy o ut+js dje ihjks eqf’kZn gt+jr lb;n moSl eqLrQ+k lkgc fcyxzkeh o cjdkr tqeyk vkSfy;k&,&fdjke o lwfQ+;k&,&fdjke vkSj cqtqxkZus nhu dh b+uk;rs ‘ks[kqy bLyke Mk0 eqgEen rkfgjqy d+knjh lkg+c fd+Cyk tks b+Yeks Q+u esa cgjs t+[+[+kkj vkSj oyh vYykg gSa ftuds cs’kqekj f[k+rkckr o dqrqc ls eSus dlhj b+Ye gkfly fd;k gS eSa vYykg rv+kyk ls nqv+k xks gw¡ fd vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r vius egcwc ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyykgq v+ySg olYye ds lnd+s o rqQS+y Mk0 eqgEen rkfgjqy d+knjh lkg+c dh nhuh f[k+nekr dks ‘kjQ+s ed+cwfy;r v+rk Q+jek;s vkSj mUgsa vius eqd+jZchu o e[k+lwl cUnksa dh QsgfjLr esa txg v+rk Q+jek;s vkSj muds b+Yeks Q+u o ed+kes vkyk 7 dje fd eSa m+ywe o ekv+jQr ls Q+St+;kc gqvkA
  • 8. o njtkr esa bt+kQ+k djs vkSj gqtwj lYyykgq v+ySg olYye o vgys cSr vrgkj dh bfUrgkbZ eqgCcr vkSj xqykeh ls mudh okcLrxh d+k;e o nk;e j[ksA bl fdrkc dh rkyhQ+ dk ed+ln o lcc ;s gS fd vgys cSr vrgkj dh d+njks efUt+yr o ed+keks ejrcr dks ckt+ yksx r[k+Q+hQ+ djrs gq;s de ntsZ ds ft+eu esa ysrs gSa o fnyksa esa mudh eqgCcr o ‘kkuks v+t+er dks oks ed+ke ugha nsrs ftl ‘kk;kus ‘kku ds oks lt+kokj gSa vgys cSr vrgkj dh ikd o rkfgj t+kr v+t+he ‘kkuks v+t+er o d+njks efUt+yr o vkyk flQ+kr dh gkfey gS ;s bUlkuh ‘kjkQ+r o v+t+er ds cqyUn ed+ke ij Q+kbt+ gSa budh lhjrs rb;ck ,S+u lhjrs eqLrQ+k Fkh buds reke vkeky gqtwj lYyykgq v+ySg olYye dh lhjr o lqUur ds csgrjhu uewuk Fks buds vd+oky o vQ+v+ky fgnk;rs vgys cSr vrgkj ds eukfd+c o Q+t+kby ls okcLrk okD+;kr o vgknhl eqckjdk ds i<+us o lquus ls bZeku esa rkt+xh o fu[kkj vkSj fnyksa esa uwjkuh jks’kuh vkSj bZeku esa iq[+rxh vkrh gS vkSj bUlku dks ulhgr o fgnk;r gkfly gksrh gS vkSj :g eqrkflj gksrh gS vkSj v+kft+t+h o bfUdlkjh o roDdqy vkSj b+cknr o bLykgs u¶+l tSls cs’kqekj lcd+ gesa feyrs gSa tks nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa gekjs fy;s ckbls [k+Sj gksrs gSa vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r eq> gd+hj dh bl rkyhQ+ dks jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh ¼09897626182½ 8 eqLrQ+k dh ekfuUn fgnk;r vkQ+jhu FksA lnd+s ‘kjQ+s ed+cwfy;r v+rk Q+jek;sA vkehu
  • 9. eukfd+cs vgys cSr dqjku dh jks’kuh esa %& eukfd+cs vgys cSr dqjku dh jks’kuh esa %&&% vgys cSr dh eqgCcr gj eqlyeku ij Q+t+Z gS D;ksafd eqgCcrs vgys cSr bZeku dh tku vkSj ‘krsZ bZeku gS mudh eqgCcr ds cx+Sj fdlh ‘k[+l ds fny esa bZeku nkf[k+y ugha gks ldrk gnhl ikd esa okfjn gS jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k bLyke dh cqfu;kn esjh vkSj esjs vgys cSr dh eqgCcr gS vkSj ge reke eqlyekuksa ds fy;s gqDes [kqnkoUnh gS fd vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djks vgys cSr dh eqgCcr eqgCcrs jlwy gS vkSj eqgCcrs vgys cSr vrgkj dh ‘kkuks v+t+er o d+njks efUt+yr o dekykrks fdjnkj bfUrgkbZ cqyUn o ckyk gSa vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r us bUgsa e[k+lwl flQ+kr vkSj ikdht+xh dk vkyk rjhu uewuk cuk;k vkSj v+t+he ejkfrc ls uokt+k vgys cSr vrgkj dh Q+t+hyr esa cs’kqekj vgknhl eUdwy gSa vkSj budh ‘kkuks v+t+er esa vk;krs dqjvkuh ukft+y gqbZ gSa ,s egcwc ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ vki eqlyekuksa ls Q+jeka nhft;s fd eSa rcyhx+ ij rqels dksbZ cnyk ;k flyk ugha eakxrk vycRrk eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe 9 jlwy eqgCcrs [kqnk gSA ftuesa ckt+ dk rt+fdjk gLcs tS+y gSA dqjku ethn esa bj’kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS& esjs d+jkcrnkjksa ls eqgCcr djksA ¼lw0&’kwjk&23½
  • 10. et+dwjk vk;kr esa gqDes [kqnkoUnh gS fd ,s egcwc vki eqlyekuksa ls Q+jeak nhft;s fd ,s yksxksa eSus tks rqe ij esgur dh x+kjs fgjk esa lTnk jst+ gksdj vk¡lw cgk;s vkSj fugk;r l[+r elkbcks vkyke cnkZLr fd;s vksj rqEgsa rkjhfd;ksa ls fudky dj jks’ku ed+ke v+rk fd;k vkSj rqEgsa xqejkfg;ksa ds va/ksjksa ls futkr nsdj fljkrs eqLrd+he dh jkg fn[kkbZ vkSj eSus f’kde ¼eqckjd½ ij iRFkj ck¡/kdj [k+Und+sa [kksnÈ eSnkus mgn vkSj rkW;Q esa vius ftLe ¼vrgj½ ij t+[+e [kk;s vkSj rqEgsa tgUuqe ls cpkdj jkgs tUur ij Mky fn;k vkSj rqEgsa tgkyr o ft+Yyr ls cpkdj bT+t+r o bUlkfu;r ls ge fdukj fd;k vkSj rqEgsa nkors gd+ nsdj rqEgkjh bu reke ,glkukr dk eSa rqels dksbZ cnyk ;k flyk ugha ek¡xrk esjk vTj rks esjs jc ds ikl gS vkSj eq>s esjk vTj esjk jc v+rk djsxk eSa rqels fdlh vTj dk rkfyc ugha gw¡ cfYd eq>s rks rqEgkjs vTj dh fQ+Ø gS tks rqEgsa esjs d+jkcr nkjksa ls eqgCcr ds ckbl feysxk eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djks blh esa rqEgkjh HkykbZ vkSj csgrjh gS vkSj nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa vTjs v+t+he dk ckbl gS vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds jlwy ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ dh dqcZr vkSj bZeku esa iq[+rxh esjs vgys cSr dh eqgCcr ls gkfly gksxh blfy;s eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe esjs vgys cSr ls rQ+klhj o vgknhl esa gS fd tc ;s vk;r 10 ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%& jguqekbZ dh vkSj bZeku ls cgjs;kc fd;kA eqgCcr djksA
  • 11. + &% vgys cSr dh ‘kku o tqckus dqjku %&&% vgys cSr dh ‘kku o tqckus dqjku %& 11 rcjkuh&3@47]48½ ukft+y gqbZ rks lgkckfdjke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vkids d+jkcr nkj dkSu gSa rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ;s esjs d+jkcr beke rcjkuh us gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ls fjok;r ud+y dh gS fd tc ;s vk;rs eqckjdk ^^,s egcwc vki Q+jeak nas fd eSa rqels bl ¼rcyhx+s gd+½ dk dqN flyk ugha pkgrk flok; vgys d+jkcr dh eqgCcr ds** ukft+y gqbZ rks lgkckfdjke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vkids d+jkcr nkj dkSu gSa ftudh eqgCcr ge ij okftc gS rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ gSaA ¼eqv+te dchj nkj gSa buls eqgCcr djksA ¼beke luk mYyk ikuh irh&rQ+lhj et+gjh&8@420½ ¼beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh&nqjsZ eUlwj&5@701½ ¼beke dqjrch& rQ+lhj dqjrch&8@415½ ¼beke Q[k+:n~nhu jkt+h& rQ+lhj dchj&27@166½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&7@103] 9@168½ ,d erZck gluSu djheSu chekj gks x;s vkSj v+ykyr ¼chekjh½ ds ckbl ¼gluSu djheSu½ det+ksj gks x;s vkSj muds psgjs eqj>k x;s gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ us dgk fd esjs
  • 12. nksuks csVs lsgrean gks tk;as rks eSa crkSj ‘kqØkuk rhu jkst+s j[kw¡xk vkSj [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ o gt+jr beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ vkSj vkidh [k+kfnek fQ+T+t+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us Hkh ;gh dgk vkSj rhu jkst+ksa dh eUur eku yh fQj tc gluSu djheSu lsgrean gks x;s rks eUur ¼ut+j½ iwjh djus ds fy;s ik¡p vQ+jkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek] beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj vkidh [k+kfnek fQ+T+t+k us rhu fnu ds jkst+ksa dk d+ln fd;k rkfd eUur ¼ut+j½ iwjh tc bu ik¡p vQ+jkn us igys fnu jkst+k j[kk rks ?kj esa [kkus dks dqN u Fkk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq ctgqy djhe½ us ,d ;gwnh ls rhu lkv+ tkS m/kkj yh vkSj ?kj ij yk;s [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us mlesa ls ,d lkv+ tkS dks ihlk vkSj v¶+rkj ds fy;s jksfV;k¡ idkbZ vkSj ‘kke dks v¶+rkj ds oD+r ik¡pksa vQ+jkn us jksfV;k¡ vkSj ued vius lkeus j[kk fd ,S+u oD+r ij ,d feLdhu njokt+s ij vk;k vkSj vkokt+ nh ;k vgyy cSfr vYykg dh d+le eSa Hkwdk gw¡ eq>s [kkuk f[kykvks vYykg rv+kyk rqEgsa tUur ds nLrj [+oku ls f[kyk;sxk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj fQ+T+t+k tks fd vcjkj ¼usdksdkj] ijgst+xkj yksx½ Fks mUgksaus oks lkjh jksfV;k¡ feLdhu dks ns nh vkSj [kqn ikuh ls v¶+rkj fd;k vkSj fnu jkr Hkwds jgs vkSj ml fnu mUgksaus [k+kfyl ikuh ds flok dqN u [kk;kA 12 gks tk;sA
  • 13. nwljs fnu fQj jkst+k j[k fy;k vkSj ,d lkv+ tkS dh jksfV;k¡ idkbZ xbZa ysfdu nwljs fnu Hkh ;gh dSfQ+;r jgh fd ,+Su v¶+rkj ds oD+r njokts+ ij ,d ;rhe us nLrd nh vkSj dgk eSa ;rhe gw¡ vkSj Hkwdk gw¡ eq>s [kkuk f[kykvks vcjkj us lkjh jksfV;k¡ ;rhe dks ns nha vkSj i¡kpksa vQ+jkn us ikuh ls v¶+rkj fd;k vkSj fQj rhljs fnu dk jkst+k j[k fy;k rhljs fnu Hkh ;gh dSfQ+;r jgh fd ,S+u oD+rs v¶+rkj ,d dS+nh us njokt+s ij vkokt+ yxkbZ ,s vgys cSr eSa vlhj ¼dS+nh½ gw¡ vkSj Hkwdk gw¡ eq>s [kkuk f[kykvks vkSj vcjkj us lkjh jksfV;k¡ ml d+Snh dks ns nh vkSj bu ik¡p vQ+jkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek] beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj fQ+T+t+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ dks vYykg rv+kyk us vcjkj ds yd+c ls ;kn Q+jek;k vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dks bu ik¡p vQ+jkn dk rhu fnu dk ;s vEj bruk ilUn vk;k fd vYykg rv+kyk us ftcjbZy v+ySgLlyke dks Hkstk vkSj Q+jek;k fd rhu fnu dh jksfV;ksa dk ln~d+k feLdhu] ;rhe vkSj dS+nh dks nsuk vkSj [kqn ikuh ls v¶+rkj djus dk cnyk vkSj buke ;s gS fd eSus mUgsa tUur vkSj mldh nk;eh usv+erksa dk ekfyd o okfjl cuk fn;k vkSj vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r us lw0 ngj dh vk;kr bu cs’kd usd yksx eq[k+fyl brkv+r xqt+kj ¼’kjkcs rgwj ds½ ,sls tke fi;sxsa ftlesa ¼[kq’cw] jaxr vkSj yT+t+r c<+kus ds fy;s½ dkQwj dh feykoV gksxh ¼dkQwj 13 [kqn ikuh ls v¶+rkj fd;kA ik¡p vQ+jkn ds gd+ esa ukft+y Q+jekbZ&
  • 14. tUur½ dk ,d p’ek gS ftlls ¼[k+kl½ cUns fi;k djsaxs vkSj tgk¡ pkgsaxs mls NksVh&NksVh ugjksa dh ‘kDy esa ¼nwljksa dks fiykus ds fy;s½ cgk dj ys tk;k djsaxs ;s vYykg rv+kyk ds [k+kl cUns gS tks ml fnu ls Mjrs gS ftldh l[+rh [kwc QSy tkus okyh gS vkSj ¼viuk½ [kkuk vYykg rv+kyk dh eqgCcr esa eksgrkt dks ;rhe dks vkSj d+Snh dks f[kyk nsrs gS vkSj dgrs gaS ge rks flQ+Z vYykg rv++kyk dh jt+k ds fy;s f[kyk jgs gS rqe ls dskbZ cnyk ;k ‘kqØ xqt+kjh ugha ek¡xrs gesa rks vius jc ls ml fnu dk [k+kSQ+ jgrk gS tks ¼psgjksa dks½ fugk;r fl;kg ¼vkSj½ cnuqek dj nsus okyk gS il vYykg rv+kyk mUgsa ¼[k+kSQ+s bykgh ds lcc½ ml fnu dh l[+rh ls cpk ysxk vkSj mUgsa jkSud+ o rkt+xh vkSj ¼fnyksa esa½ e’kjZr ¼[kq’kh½ c[+’ksxk bl ckr ds cnys fd mUgksaus lcz fd;k ¼jgus dks½ tUur vkSj ¼iguus dks½ js’keh iks’kkd v+rk djsxk ;s yksx mlesa r[+rksa ij rfd;k yxk;s cSBs gksaxs u ogk¡ /kwi dh rfi’k ik;saxs u lnhZ dh f’kn~nr vkSj ¼tUur ds nj[+rksa ds½ lk;s mu ij >qd jgs gksaxs vkSj mUgsa ogk¡ ¼’kjkcs rgwj ds½ ,sls tke fiyk;s tk;saxs mlesa ,d p’ek gS ftldk uke lylchy gS vkSj muds bnZ fxnZ f[k+ner xqt+kj yM+ds ges’kk ?kwers jgsaxs vkSj tc oks mUgsa ns[ksaxs rks fc[kjs gq;s eksrh xqeku djsaxs vkSj tc ¼cfg’r ij½ ut+j Mkysaxs rks ogk¡ ¼dljr ls½ usv+ersa vkSj ¼gj rjQ+½ cM+h lYrur ns[ksaxs mu ¼ds ftLeksa½ ij ckjhd js’ke ds lCt+ diM+s gksaxs vkSj mUgsa pk¡nh ds da?ku iguk;s tk;saxs vkSj mudk jc mUgsa ikdht+k ‘kjkc fiyk;sxk cs’kd ;s rqEgkjk flyk gksxk vkSj rqEgkjh esgur 14 fBdkus yxhA ¼lw0&ngj&5&22½
  • 15. rljhg%&beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh nqjsZ eUlwj esa jd+e rjkt+ gaS fd et+dwjk vk;kr iat vQ+jkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj fQ+T+t+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ds gd+ esa ukft+y gqbZ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&6@823½ ¼r¶+lhj dqjrch&10@139½ vYykg rv+kyk us rhu fnu dh jksfV;ksa dh dqckZuh dh tt+k tUur o mldh nk;eh v+t+he mu usv+erksa dk ekfyd o okfjl cuk fn;k tks gj ,d dks e;Llj u gksxh rks vc t+jk lkspks vkSj eqokt+uk ¼vankt+k½ djks fd djcyk esa nl fnu dh dqckZfu;ksa dh tt+k vkSj [k+kucknk&,&jlwy ds lcz o rgEeqy vkSj ed+kes jt+k ij bfLrd+ker dh tt+k D;k gksxh csVs v+yh vd+cj vkSj v+yh vlx+j dh dqckZuh dh tt+k D;k gksxh rhu fnu dh f’knn~rs Hkwd I;kl vkSj ftLes vd+nl ij ust+ksa vkSj ryokjksa dh cs‘kqekj t+jcas vkSj rhjksa ls [kk;s t+[+eksa dh tt+k D;k gksxhA HkkbZ vCckl vkSj Hkrhts dkfle vkSj Hkk¡ts vkSu o eqgEen dh dqckZuh dh tt+k D;k gksxh vkSj dlhj elkbcks vkyke o bfUrgkbZ rdyhQ+ksa dh tt+k D;k gksxh vYykg rv+kyk us ft+Øs gqlSu vkSj ft+Øs dcZyk dks cqyUn vkSj d+k;e o nk;e dj fn;k ft+Øs gqlSu flQ+Z t+ehu ij gh ugha cfYd vklekuksa ij Hkh equfD+d+n gksrk gS vkSj d+;ker rd t+ehuks vkleku ij ft+Øs gqlSu vkSj ft+Øs djcyk gksrk jgsxk djcyk ls igys gqlSu t+kfdj Fkk vkSj djcyk ds ckn gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ et+dwj gks x;k vkSj v’kZ rk Q’kZ rljhg%& 15 etfyls ft+Øs ‘kgknrSu equfD+d+n gksrh jgsxhA
  • 16. ,d ckj utjku ls lkB bZlkbZ iknfj;ksa dk oQ+n gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkgs vd+nl esa gkft+j gqvk rks muesa ls nks yksxksa us uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls xq¶+rxw dh rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us muls Q+jek;k fd rqe bLyke dqcwy dj yks rks mUgksus tokc fn;k fd ge vkils igys bLyke dqcwy dj pqds rks uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k rhu pht+s rqEgsa bLyke ykus ls jksdrh gaS&1&rqEgkjk lyhc dh b+cknr djuk 2& f[kathj [kkuk 3& rqEgkjk ;s ,rd+kn ¼v+d+hnk½ j[kuk fd bZlk v+ySgLlyke [kqnk ds csVs gSa mu bZlkbZ tekv+r ds ,d ljnkj us dgk D;k rqe ;s xqeku j[krs gks fd bZlk v+ySgLlyke vYykg ds cUns gSa rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k gk¡ oks :gvYykg vkSj vYykg ds cUns vkSj jlwy gSa rks mudk ,d ljnkj cksyk rks gesa dksbZ ,slk cUnk fn[kkvks tks eqnks± dks ft+Unk djrk gks eknjtkr vU/kksa dks chukbZ nsrk gks feV~Vh ls ifjUns dh ‘kDy cukdj mlesa Qw¡d ekjrk rks oks mM+us yxrk gks D;k vki gekjs lkFk eqckgyk ¼okd;q)] cn~nqv+k½ djrs gSa fd gt+jr bZlk v+ySgLlyke ,sls u Fks vkSj tks >wBk gks ml ij vYykg dh ykur gks vkSj oks rckg o cckZn gks tk;sxk fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k D;k rqe ;gh pkgrs gks mUgksaus dgk gk¡ rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k tSlh rqEgkjh et+hZ vkSj vYykg rv+kyk us vk;rs eqckgyk ukft+y Q+jekbZ vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye 16 &% vk;rs eqckgyk %&&% vk;rs eqckgyk %&
  • 17. us mu bZlkbZ iknfj;ksa dks eqckgyk dh nkor nhA vYykg rv+kyk us bj’kkn Q+jek;k& il vkids ikl b+Ye vk tkus ds ckn tks ‘k[+l bZlk v+ySgLlyke ds ekeys esa vkils >xM+k djrs gaS rks vki Q+jek¡ nsa fd vk tkvks ge ¼feydj½ vius csVksa dks vkSj rqEgkjs csVksa dks vkSj viuh v+kSjrksa dks vkSj rqEgkjh v+kSjrksa dks vkSj vius vkidks vkSj rqEgsa Hkh ¼,d txg ij½ cqyk ysrs gSa fQj ge eqckgyk djrs gSa vkSj >wBksa ij vYykg dh ykur Hkstrs gSa ¼lw0&vkys bejku&61½ fQj nwljs fnu ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYYe us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk] o [kkrwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks vius lkFk fy;k vkSj uljkfu;ksa ls eqckgyk djus ds fy;s r’kjhQ+ ys x;s vkSj vius vgys cSr ¼gt+jr ekSyk v+yh lb;nk Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ls Q+jek;k fd tc eSa nqv+k d:¡ rks rqe lc vkehu dguk gt+jr beke glu o gtjr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vki ds lkFk Fks vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh vkSj lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ mu bZlkb;ksa esa ls ,d ‘k[+l ftldk uke vCnqy elhg Fkk oks cksyk fd ,s bZlkb;ks rqe igpku pqds gks fd eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ lPps jlwy gSa vxj rqeus buls eqckgyk fd;k rks lc gykd gks tkvksxs blfy;s eqckgyk ls bUdkj dj nks vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls lqyg dj yks vkSj ;s oks gh jlwy gSa ftudh 17 rljhg%&rljhg%& vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ihNs FksA
  • 18. [k+cj o ft+Ø rkSjkr esa gS vYykg dh d+le vxj rqe mUgsa ykur o eyker djksxs rks ge lc gykd gks tk;asxs vkSj u ge dke;kc gksaxs vkSj u gekjs ckn okys vkSj :;s t+ehu ij dksbZ uljkuh ckd+h u jgsxk vkSj u gekjk cky ckd+h jgsxk vkSj u gekjk uk[kwu ckd+h jgsxk vkSj fQj mu bZlkbZ ikfnfj;ksa ds ljnkjksa esa ls dqN yksxksa us gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls v+tZ+ dh fd gekjs csodwQ+ksa us vkils eqckgyk djus dh ckr dh Fkh gekjh vki ls xqt+kfj’k gS fd vki gesa ekQ+ Q+jeka nsa fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd eSaus rqEgsa beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh us et+dwjk vk;kr dh rQ+lhj esa ,d fjok;r ud+y dh gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd v+t+kcs bykgh vgys utjku ij d+jhc vk pqdk Fkk vxj oks eqckgyk djrs rks mudk [kk+Rek gks tkrkA ,d nwljh fjok;r esa gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k esjs ikl ,d Q+fj’rk vk;k Fkk ftlus eq>s ;s [k+cj nh fd vxj oks eqckgyk djrs rks vgys utjku gykd gks tkrsA ,d vkSj fjok;r eas gS gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k d+le gS ml t+kr dh ftlds d+Cts+ dqnjr esa esjh tku gS cs’kd v+t+kcs bykgh utjku ds d+jhc vk pqdk Fkk vxj oks eqckgyk djrs rks mUgsa cUnjksa vkSj f[kathjksa dh ‘kDy 18 ekQ+ dj fn;kA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&2@111½
  • 19. esa eL[k+ dj fn;k tkrk vkSj oknh vkx ls Hkj tkrh vkSj vYykg rv+kyk utjku vkSj mlds ckf’kanksa dh tMs+a m[ksM+ ysrk gRrk fd nj[+rksa ij ifjUnk Hkh u cprkA¼r¶+lhj et+gjh&2@78½¼r¶+lhj ubZeh&3@477½ gt+jr tkfcj jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls fjok;r gS fd jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k d+le gS ml t+kr ftlus eq>s gd+ ds lkFk ecÅ+l Q+jek;k vxj oks eqckgyk djrs rks mu ij oknh vkx ls Hkj tkrhA gt+jr tkfcj jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq Q+jekrs gaS fd vk;rs eqckgyk iatru ikd ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ds ckjs esa ukft+y gqbZ vkSj vUQqlkuk ls eqjkn gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye o gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe gSa vkSj vCukvuk ls eqjkn beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ gS vkSj fulkvuk ls eqjkn gt+jr lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ gSaA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&2@109½ beke eqfLye] frfeZt+h] gkfde vkSj cSgd+h us gt+jr lkn fcu vch oD+d+kl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r ud+y dh gS tc ;s vk;rs eqckgyk ¼dqy rv+kyks unÅ+ vCukvuk o vCukvdqe o fulkvuk o fulkvdqe o vUQqlkuk o vUQqlkdqe½ ukft+y gqbZ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk o lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks cqyk;k vkSj Q+jek;k ,s vYykg ;s esjs vgys cSr gSaA 19
  • 20. gt+jr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYyk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd utjku ls ,d oQ+n gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkgs vd+nl esa gkft+j gqvk vkSj iwNk fd gt+jr bZlk v+ySgLlyke ds ckjs esa vkidh D;k jk; gS rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k oks :g vYykg vkSj vYykg ds cUns vkSj jlwy gSa ml oQ+n us gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls dgk D;k vki gekjs lkFk eqckgyk djrs gSa fd gt+jr bZlk v+ySgLlyke ,sls u Fks rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k tSls rqEgkjh et+hZ ¼rc vk;rs eqckgyk ukft+y gqbZ½ vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ?kj r’kjhQ+ yk;s vkSj vius csVksa gt+jr beke glu o gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk o [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks lkFk ys tkus ds fy;s tek fd;k mu bZlkb;ksa ds ,d ljnkj us mu ¼uljkfu;ksa½ ls dgk fd eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ls eqckgyk er djks vYykg dh d+le vxj rqeus ,slk fd;k rks rqEgkjk dksbZ Hkh vkneh ugha cpsxk fQj oks bZlkbZ gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ikl vk;s vkSj dgk fd gekjs dqN csodwQ+ yksxksa us vkils eqckgyk dk bjknk fd;k Fkk ge vkils xqt+kfj’k djrs gSa fd vki gesa ekQ+ dj nsa vki lYyYykgq v+ySg 20 olYye us Q+jek;k fd eSaus rqEgsa ekQ+ dj fn;kA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&2@649½ ¼fe’dkr&3@252½ ¼r¶+lhj ubZeh&2@77½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&2@111½ ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@163½
  • 21. &% vd+lkes vgys cSr %&&% vd+lkes vgys cSr %& 1&lduh& ;kuh ?kj esa d+;ke djus okys d+kfcys fjgkb’k ;kuh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh 2&fulcrh o uLyh& ;kuh ftu ls gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk fulcrh o uLyh rv+kYyqd+ gS ;kuh gt+jr ekSyk v+yh lb;nk Q+kfrek] beke glu 3&,st+kt+h& ;kuh oks gfLr;k¡ ftudks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us crkSj ,st+kt+ vius vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey fd;k&tSls&gt+jr lyeku Qkjlh ¼jft+0½A 21 vgys cSr dh rhu fd+Lesa gSa& reke vt+okts eqrgjkrA o o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½A gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh reke vt+okts eqrgjkr rks vkids fudkg esa vkus ds ckn vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey gqb± mu reke dks vYykg rv+kyk us vius egcwc lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey fd;k vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k] lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us vius vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey fd;k vkSj muls tks flyflyk&,&ulc pyk oks lc vkys jlwy vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds vgys cSr esa ‘kkfey gSa vkSj vkys jlwy dh eqgCcr jkgs [kqnk gS vkSj bl jkg ij pyus okyk dHkh xqejkg ugha gksrk gRrk fd
  • 22. oks jt+k;s bykgh ds cqyUn ed+ke ij Q+kbt+ gks tkrk gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh [kq’kuwnh mldk gkfly eqd+ke gksrk gS vkSj oks vTjs v+t+he dk eqLrfgd+ gks vYykg rv+kyk us vgys cSr ds eqrkv+fYyd+ Q+jek;k&vYykg rks ;gh pkgrk gS fd ,s uch ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ds ?kj okyks rqels gj rjg dh ukikdh dks nwj dj ns vkSj rqEgsa dkfey rgkjr ¼ikdht+xh½ ls uokt+ dj fcYdqy ikd lkQ ¼;kuh gj oks dke tks f[k+ykQ+ ‘kjv+ vkSj ckjxkgs [kqnkoUnh esa uk ialnhnk gSa vkSj gj rjg dh cqjkbZ o ‘kj vkSj xqukg ls vYykg rv+kyk us vgys 22 beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh us bl vk;krs djhek dh r¶+lhj esa gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r ud+y dh gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gt+jr mEes lyek ds ?kj esa Fks vkSj vki ij [kS+cj dh cuh gqbZ pknj Fkh vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij ;s vk;r ukft+y gqbZ&fd vYykg rks ;gh pkgrk gS fd ,s uch ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ds ?kj okyks rqe ls gj rjg dh ukikdh nwj dj ns--------------------- fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks cqyk;k vkSj viuh pknj eqckjd ls <¡ki fy;k vkSj ckjxkgs [kqnkoUnh esa o [kwc lqFkjk dj nsA ¼lw0&vgt+kc&33½ rljhg%&rljhg%& tkrk gSA cSr vrgkj dks ikd o egQwt+ j[kk½
  • 23. v+t+Z fd;k ,s vYykg ;s esjs vgys cSr ¼?kj okys½ gSa buls gj rjg dh fjTl ¼ukikdh] iyhnh½ dks nwj Q+jeka ns vkSj bUgsa ikdht+k cuk ns ;s dfyekr vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us rhu nQ+k nksgjk, gt+jr mEes lyek us dgk fd eSaus viuk lj ml pknj ds vUnj fd;k vkSj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg eSa Hkh buds lkFk gw¡ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k ugha ysfdu rqe [k+Sj dh tkfuc gks ;s ckr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us nks ckj bj’kkn Q+jekbZA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&5@562½ ¼r¶+lhj bCus dlhj&22@672½ ,d nwljh fjok;r esa beke rcjkuh us gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r ud+y dh gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ls Q+jek;k fd vius nksuks csVksa o [kkfcUn dks ys vkvks rks vki mu lc dks ys vk;ha fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr beke glu o gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks viuh xksn eqckjd esa fcBk;k vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks nk¡;h tkfuc vkSj lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks ok¡;h tkfuc fcBk;k vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us bu lc ij viuh pknj eqckjd Mky nh fQj nqv+k dh ,s vYykg ;s vgys eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq vySg olYye½ gSa bu ij viuh jgersa vkSj cjdrsa mlh rjg ukft+y Qjeak ftl rjg rwus vkys bczkghe ij jgersa o cjdrsa ukft+y Qjekb± gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us dgk eSus pknj Åij mBkbZ rkfd eSa Hkh mlesa nkf[k+y gks tkÅ¡ rks 23
  • 24. gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us pknj dks esjs gkFkksa ls [khap fy;k vkSj Q+jek;k rqe HkykbZ ij gksA gt+jr vcw lbZ+n [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd ;s vk;r ik¡p vQ+jkn ¼iatru ikd½ ds ckjs esa ukft+y gqbZ ¼;kuh eSa]¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk] beke glu o beke gqlSu¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ds nkSyr dnkg esa tc ;s vk;rs djhek&vYykg rks ;gh pkgrk gS fd ,s uch lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ?kj okyks rqels gj rjg dh ukikdh dks nwj dj ns------ ukft+y gqbZ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu dks cqykdj pknj mM+kbZ fQj nqv+k dh ,s vYykg ;s esjs vgys cSr gSa buls gj rjg dh ukikdh dks nwj Q+jeak ns vkSj bUgsa [kwc ikd lkQ o lqFkjk dj ns gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyYykg eSa Hkh buds lkFk gw¡ vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe viuh txg ij gks vkSj [kS+j dh tkfuc gksA mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS vki Q+jekrh gSa fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ,d pknj vks<+s gq;s 24 ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&3@53]54½ ¼r¶+lhj rcjh&22@10½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&5@563½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&5@563½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@736½
  • 25. Fks ftl ij fl;kg Åu ls dtkcksa dh lwjrsa cuh gqbZ Fkha brus esa gt+jr beke glu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ vk;s rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us mu dks pknj ds vUnj dj fy;k fQj gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ vk;s mu dks Hkh pknj ds vUnj dj fy;k fQj [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ vk;ha rks mu dks Hkh pknj ds vUnj dj fy;k fQj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ vk;s rks mudks Hkh pknj ds vUnj dj fy;k fQj ;s vk;rs djhek i<++h ¼vYykg rks ;gh pkgrk gS fd ,s vgys cSr rqels gj rjg dh vkywnxh nwj dj ns vkSj rqe dks rgkjr ls uokt+ ns½ 25 ¼lgh eqfLye&6@103½
  • 26. lgh eqfLye o frfeZt+h ‘kjhQ+ esa okfjn gS gt+jr tS+n fcu vjd+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k eSa rqeesa nks ,slh pht+sa NksM+s tk jgk gw¡ fd vxj rqe yksx budks et+cwrh ls Fkkes jgksxs rks dHkh xqejkg u gksxs vkSj vxj ,d dks Hkh NksM+ fn;k rks xqejkg gks tkvksxs buesa ls ,d nwljs ls cM+h v+t+er okyh gaS ,d vYykg rv+kyk dh fdrkc ¼dqjku½ tks vkleku ls t+ehu rd yVdh gqbZ jLlh gS blesa fgnk;r o uwj gS rks vYykg rv+kyk dh fdrkc ¼dqjku½ dks et+cwrh ls Fkkes jgks vkSj nwljh pht+ esjs vgys cSr gSa eSa rqedks vgys cSr ds ckc esa [kqnk dh ;kn fnykrk gw¡ ¼vgys cSr dh fulcr ;s tqeyk rhu ckj bj’kkn Q+jek;k½ vkSj dqjku o vgys cSr dHkh vkil esa tqnk u gksaxs ;gk¡ rd fd nksuksa gkSt+s dkSlj ij esjs ikl vk;saxs vkSj tks budh iSjoh djsxk oks fgnk;r ij gksxk vkSj tks budks NksM+ nsxk oks xqejkg et+dwjk gnhl esa ;s ckr d+kfcys roTtks gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us dqjku ethn dk ft+Ø ,d ckj Q+jek;k ysfdu vgys cSr dk ft+Ø rhu ckj Q+jek;k blesa fgders eqLrQ+k ;s Fkh fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds b+Yes xS+c esa ;s ckr Fkh fd esjs ckn dqN yksx esjh mEer ds fnyksa ls vgys cSr dh eqgCcr o v+d+hnr dks feVkus dk dke 26 eukfd+cs vgys cSr &% vgknhl dh jks’kuh esa %& eukfd+cs vgys cSr &% vgknhl dh jks’kuh esa %& gks tk;sxkA ¼lgh eqfLye&6@94½ ¼fe’dkr&3@254½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@736½ ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%&
  • 27. djsaxs vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj ls ,rd+knh o eqgCcrh rv+kYyqd+ dks equd++rkv+ djus ds dke dks c[kwch vatke nsaxs vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh fuxkgs ucwor ;s ns[k jgh Fkh fd esjh mEer ds ckt+ yksx esjs vgys cSr ls cqX+t+ o v+nkor vkSj fnyksa esa fuQ+kd+ o dhuk j[ksaxs blfy;s ,d gh eqd+ke ij nksuks pht+ksa ¼dqjku o vgys cSr½ dk ft+Ø fd;k exj dqjku dk ft+Ø ,d ckj vkSj vgys cSr dk ft+Ø vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds b+Ye esa ;s ckr Fkh fd dqjku vYykg dk dyke gS tks uwj o jkgs fgnk;r gS vkSj yksx bls vYykg dk dyke gh tkusaxs vkSj bl ij bf[+rykQ+ o bUdkj dk fQ+Ruk u gksxk exj esjs vgys cSr ds eqrkv+fYyd+ esjh mEer ds yksx bf[+rykQ+ o bfUrlkj vkSj cqXt+ o v+nkor dk fQ+Ruk [kM+k djsaxs rkfd yksx xqejkg gks tk;as vkSj bl fQ+Rus dh bfCrnk taxs fl¶+Q+hu esa gqbZ fQj dwQ+k esa fQj ekjdk&,&djcyk cik gqvk vkSj ;gh dke rkft+;knkjh dh eq[k+kfyQ+r djus okys yksx Hkh c[kwch vatke ns jgs gaS fd fdlh rjg rkft+;knkjh [k+Re gks tk;s vkSj vkus okys oD+r esa yksx Hkwy tk;sa fd ekjdk&,&djcyk D;k Fkk vkSj beke gqlSu dkSu Fks vkSj yksxksa ds fnyksa ls vgys cSr dh eqgCcr feV tk;s vkSj yksx xqejkg gks tk;sa ysfdu budh ;s dksf’k’k o [+okfg’k ba’kk vYykg dHkh dke;kc u gksxh vkSj u dHkh rdehy dks igq¡psxh D;ksafd vYykg rv+kyk ftls fgnk;r ns mls dksbZ 27 rhu ckj Q+jek;kA vkSj nhxj ed+kekr ij Hkh fQ+Rus mBsA
  • 28. xqejkg ugha dj ldrk blfy;s gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us viuh mEer dks xqejkgh ls cpkus ds fy;s vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr dks viuh mEer ij okftc djrs gq;s rkdhn Q+jekbZ fd esjs vgys cSr dh eqgCcr dk nkeu idM+s jgksxs rks dHkh xqejkg u gksxs vkSj vxj vgys cSr dh eqgCcr dk nkeu NksM+ fn;k rks ;d+huu xqejkg gks tkvksxsA gt+jr mEes lyek jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&[k+cjnkj ;s efLtn ¼ucoh½ fdlh tquch vkSj gkbt+k ¼v+kSjr½ ds fy;s gyky ugha flok;s esjs ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh o lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk vkSj beke glu o beke gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ds buds vykok fdlh ds fy;s efLtn ¼ucoh½ esa ¼tukcr] ukikdh o gkyrs gSt+ esa½ vkuk tkuk tkbt+ ugha ¼beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh&[k+lkblqy dqcjk&2@424½ ¼cSgdh&lquu dqcjk& gt+jr bCus m+ej fcu [k+Rrkc ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&esjs fj’rs vkSj ulc ds flok d+;ker ds fnu gj fj’rk vkSj ulc equd+rkv+ gks tk;sxkA ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&3@44½ gt+jr m+ej fcu [k+Rrkc ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&cs’kd v+yh] 28 ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@153½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@173½ 7@65½ ¼bCus vlkdj&rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&14@166½
  • 29. Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ tUurqy fQ+jnkSl esa lQsn xqEcn esa eqd+he gksaxs ftldh Nr gt+jr v+yh c;ku djrs gSa fd oks uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkg esa gkft+j gq;s vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us pknj fcNkbZ gqbZ Fkh il ml ij gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye v+yh Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ cSB x;s fQj vki lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us ml pknj ds fdukjs dks idM+dj mu ij Mkydj mlesa fxjg yxk nh fQj Q+jek;k& ,s vYykg rw Hkh buls jkt+h gks tk ftl rjg eSa buls jkt+h g¡wA ¼eqv+te vkSlr &rcjkuh&5@348 g0&5514½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@169½ gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ c;ku djrh gSa fd ,d fnu gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye esjs ?kj r’kjhQ+ Q+jek Fks [k+kfne us v+tZ+ fd;k njokts+ ij v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ vk;s gSa vki lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us gqDe Q+jek;k ,d rjQ+ gks tkvks vkSj eq>s vius vgys cSr ls feyus nks mEes lyek Q+jekrha gSa eSa ikl gh ?kj eSa ,d rjQ+ gVdj [kM+h gks x;h il gt+jr v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ nkf[k+y gq;s ml oD+r oks deflu Fks rks vki lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us nksuks cPpksa ¼glu o gqlSu½ dks idM+dj xksn esa fcBk fy;k vkSj nksuksa dks pweus yxsA ¼eqLun&vgen fcu gEcy& 29 v+’ksZ bykgh gksxhA ¼bCus vlkdj&rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&14@61½ 6@296 g0&26582½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@166½
  • 30. vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds egcwc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us ge reke eqlyekuksa dks vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr o brkv+r ij eqrb+;u Q+jeak fn;k ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh lqUurksa o lwjrks lhjr dk eqdEey o vkyk vkSj csgrjhu uewuk vgys cSr vrgkj gSa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh lqUurksa o lhjr dk pedrk gqvk uwjkuh ekgrkc vgys cSr vrgkj gSa blfy;s gesa pkfg;s fd bl ekgrkc dh uwjkuh fdju ls vius fnyksa dks vgys cSr dh bfUrgkbZ eqgCcr o v+d+hnr ls equOoj djsa rkfd gesa vYykg o jlwy dh dqcZr ulhc gks vkSj vYykg rv+kyk d+;ker ds fnu gesa vius eqd+jZc o e[k+lwl cUnksa dh Q+sgfjLr esa txg gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS fd ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gluSu djheSu dk gkFk idM+dj Q+jek;k tks dksbZ eq>ls vkSj bu nksuksa ¼beke glu o beke gqlSu½ ls vkSj buds ek¡ cki ¼lb;nk Q+kfrek o gt+jr ekSyk v+yh½ ls eqgCcr djsxk oks jkst+s d+;ker esjs lkFk esjs ntsZ esa gksxk ¼;kuh esjs gh fBdkus ij gj b+cknr esgur o e’kD+d+r ij eq’rfey gksrh gS ysfdu vYykg o jlwy vkSj vgys cSr dh fnyksa esa eqgCcr fcyk esgurks e’kD+d+r ds gkfly 30 &% reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr tUurh gSa %&&% reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr tUurh gSa %& gksxk½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@717½ ¼eqLun vgen&1@77½ ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&3@50½ v+rk Q+jek;sA
  • 31. gksrh gS flQ+Z gqLus v+d+hnk gksuk ykft+eh gS vkSj bl eqgCcr dh tt+k vkSj buke tSlk fd et+dwjk gnhl ikd esa gS ;kuh d+;ker ds fnu gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ut+nhdh vkSj mudk lkFk ckbls futkr vkSj dqjcrs bykgh gS ;kuh v+ey FkksM+k vkSj gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& eSa nj[+r gw¡ Q+kfrek mldh Vguh gS vkSj v+yh mldk ‘kxwQ+k gS vkSj glu o gqlSu mlds Qy gaS vkSj vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djus okys mlds iRrs gaS vkSj ;s lc tUur esa gksaxs ;s gd+ gS ;s gd+ gSA ¼;g tqeyk nks ckj vgys cSr ls eqgCcr njvLy gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls fulcrh rv+kYyqd+ dh cqfu;kn gS vkSj eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds fy;s ;s cM+s Q+[+j dk ed+ke gS fd vgys cSr dh eqgCcr ds lcc eqfgCckus vgys cSr dh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls ckfruh okcLrxh mudk eqd+n~nj cu tkrh gS tks mUgsa tUur ds vkyk njtkr ls ljQ+jkt+ djrh gS vkSj v+t+kcs ukj ls egQwt+ j[krh gS vkSj ckn ekSr reke iqj [k+kSQ+ ed+kekr ij eqgCcrs vgys cSr muds fy;s Qk;nsean vkSj ennxkj gksxh tSlk fd gt+jr bCus elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje lYyYykgq 31 Q+jekus jlwy lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gS& vTj cs ‘kqekj gSA Q+jek;k½ ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@52½
  • 32. v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& esjs vgys cSr dh eqgCcr lkr iqj [k+kSQ+ ed+kekr ij uQ+k ¼Q+k;nk½ igq¡pk;sxh] 1& ekSr ds oD+r 2& d+cz esa 3&d+cz ls mBus ds oD+r 4& ukes vkeky gkFk esa fn;s tkus ds oD+r 5& fglkc fd oD+r 6& eht+ku ij 7&iqyfljkr + ftl oD+r xqukgxkj cUns dh :g d+Ct+ dh tkrh gS rks Q+fj’rs mls gFkksM+s ls ekjrs gSa vkSj mldh :g fugk;r l[+r rdyhQ+ ds lkFk ftLe ls [khaph tkrh gS :g d+Ct+ gksus oD+r mls bruh l[+r vkSj nnZukd rdyhQ+ gksrh gS fd ftruh ryokj fd okj vkSj dSaph ds dkVus ij Hkh ugha gksrh rks ekSr ds oD+r tc :g [khaph tk;sxh ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr gekjs dke vk;sxh vkSj gesa Q+k;nk igq¡pk;sxh vkSj ekSr ds oD+r okdS+v+ gksus okyh reke rdkyhQ+ ls futkr nsxh vkSj gekjh :g eb;r dks nQ+u djus ds ckn tc ml ij mlds xqukgksa ds lcc v+t+kc eqlYyr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mlds ftLe dks dhM+s edksM+s] lk¡i vkSj fcPNw dkVrs ukSprs vkSj [kkrs gSa vkSj mldks vkx dk v+t+kc vkSj nhxj eq[+rfyQ+ v+t+kc ml ij eqlYyr fd;s tkrs gSa ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds dke vk;sxh vkSj uQ+k ¼Q+k;nk½ nsxh vkSj v+t+kc ls futkr o jkgr 32 ot+kgr%& 1&ekSr ds oDr%& ot+kgr%& &ekSr ds oDr%&1 2&d+cz esa%&2&d+cz esa%& nsxhA ds oD+r ¼gqCcs vgys cSr vkSj rkft+;knkjh&12½ fcyk rdyhQ+ vklkuh ls d+Ct+ dh tk;sxhA
  • 33. jkst+s d+;ker tc lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk rks yksx viuh&viuh d+czksa ls uaxs ik¡o uaxs ftLe mBsaxs vkSj muds fny brus [k+kSQ+ t+nk gksaxs fd ‘keZxkkgsa [kqyh gksus ds ckotwn yksx d+;ker dh gkSyukfd;ksa vkSj l[+r elkbcks vkyke ds lcc ,d nwljs dks ns[kus ls cs fu;kt+ jgsaxs ml oD+r vgys ;kuh d+;ker ds fnu ftldks mldk ukes vkeky nkfgus gkFk esa fn;k tk;sxk oks [kq’kh&[kq’kh iyVsxk vkSj ftldks mldk ukes vkeky ck¡;s gkFk esa fn;k tk;sxk mlds fy;s gykdr gksxh oks oD+r cM+k gh gkSyukd gksxk ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr ennxkj o Q+k;ns ean ;kuh vYykg rv+kyk cUns ls tc gj pht+ ds eqrkv+fYyd+ fglkc ysxk vkSj bUlku vius jc ds lkeus [k+kSQ+ t+nk [kM+k gksxk vkSj mlds reke vkt+k ¼vax½ [k+kSQ+ o Mj ds ckbl dk¡i jgs gksaxs ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr dke vk;sxh vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger mldh futkr dk jkst+s d+;ker tc bUlku ds vkeky rkSys tk;saxs vkSj eht+ku ¼rjktw½ d+k;e fd;k tk;sxk vkSj bUlku ds xqukg vkSj usfd;k¡ ,d&,d iyM+s esa j[k nh tk;saxh oks oD+r fugk;r [k+kSQ+ o fny ngykus okyk gksxk vkSj mldh fuxkgsa VdVdh ck¡/ks rjktw ij yxh gksaxh fd dgha gekjh usfd;k¡ 33 3&d+cz ls mBus ds oD+r%&3&d+cz ls mBus ds oD+r%& 4&ukes vkeky feyus ds oD+r%&4&ukes vkeky feyus ds oD+r%& 5&fglkc ds oD+r%&5&fglkc ds oD+r%& 6&eht+ku ds oD+r%&6&eht+ku ds oD+r%& cSr dh eqgCcr ennxkj o uQ+k c[+’k gksxhA lkfcr gksxhA ckbl cusxhA
  • 34. xqukgksa ds eqd+kfcys de u iM+ tk;sa ml oD+r vgys iqyfljkr tks cky ls T+;knk ckjhd vkSj ryokj ls T+;knk rst+ gksxh tks tgUuqe ds Åij fcNh gksxh blds uhps tgUuqe tks ‘kksys ekjrh gqbZ ngd jgh gksxh vkSj bl ij ls gj ,d dks xqt+juk gksxk vkSj dqN yksx fQly&fQly dj tgUuqe esa fxj jgs gksaxs ml oD+r vgys cSr dh eqgCcr eqfgCckus vgys cSr dh ennxkj gksxh vkSj reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr iqy fljkr ls ck vklkuh vkSj fcyk rdyhQ+ks ijs’kkuh rst+h ls xqt+j tk;saxsA et+dwjk reke gkSyukd o [k+kSQ+ukd vkSj fny ngykus okys ed+kekr ij vgys cSr dh eqgCcr eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds dke vk;sxh vkSj ennxkj o uQ+k c[+’k gksxh vgys cSr dh eqgCcr v+t+kcs bykgh ls egQwt+ jgus vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger o jt+k vkSj [kq’kuwnh gkfly djus vkSj nkst+[k+ ls vktknh dk vklku o csgrjhu t+fj;k gS 34 7&iqyfljkr ds oD+r%&7&iqyfljkr ds oD+r%& cSr dh eqgCcr Q+k;nsean o ennxkj gksxhA gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ c;ku djrs gSa fd ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd eSa b+Ye dk rjktw gw¡ v+yh mldk iyM+k gS glu o gqlSu mldh jfLl;k¡ gSa Q+kfrek mldk nLrk gS vkSj esjs ckn vkbEek vr~gkj ¼ml rjktw dh½ m+ewnh lyk[+k gSa ftlds t+fj;s gekjs lkFk eqgCcr djus okyksa vkSj cqXt+ j[kus okyksa ds vkeky rkSys tk;saxsA ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@44 g0&107½
  • 35. Q+jek;k& vkys jlwy dh ekv+jQ+r nkst+[k+ ls futkr gS vkys jlwy dh eqgCcr iqyfljkr ij xqt+jus esa vklkuh gS vkSj vkys jlwy dh foyk;r ;kses d+;ker eSnkus eg’kj esa ph[k+ks iqdkj dk v+kye gksxk vkSj yksx fugk;r [k+kSQ+ o l[+r ijs’kkfu;ksa o rdyhQ+ksa ls f?kjs gksaxs dqN yksx v+t+kc esa eqfCryk gksaxs vkSj dqN fglkcks fdrkc ls xqt+j jgs gksaxs vkSj dqN dh tqckus Hkwd o I;kl dh f’kn~nr ds ckbl ckgj dks f[kap jgha gksaxh vkSj fugk;r l[+r xehZ dh f’kn~nr ds ckbl yksxksa ds fnekx+ [kkSyrs gksaxs vkSj ilhus us muds ftLeksa dks yxke Mky j[kh gksxh yksx d+;ker dh gkSyukfd;ksa o eqlhcrks rdkyhQ+ esa fxj¶+rkj dk¡i jgs gksaxs yksxksa dh ;kses d+;ker gksxh vkSj eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds fy;s ;kses ft+;kQ+r gksxh vYykg rv+kyk tUur ds nLrj[+oku ij eqfgCckus vgys cSr dks nkor f[kyk;sxk tSlk fd Q+jekus jlwy gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&tks eq>ls vkSj v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ls eqgCcr djrs gaS oks d+;ker ds fnu ,d gh eqd+ke ij tek gksaxs vkSj gekjk [kkuk ihuk Hkh bdV~Bk gksxkA ¼eqv+te dchj ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us 35 dk bd+jkj v+t+kcs bykgh ls fgQ+kt+r gSA ¼vyf’kQ+k&2@54½ lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gS& rcjkuh&3@41½ ¼rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&13@227½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@174½
  • 36. dksbZ Hkh ‘k[+l flQ+Z vius usd vkeky ds ckbl tUur dks ugha ik ldrk pkgs mlds ikl leqUnj vkSj igkM+ksa ds cjkcj usd vkeky gksa tc rd fd vYykg rv+kyk dh jger mls <k¡i u ys gnhl ikd esa okfjn gS fd jkst+s d+;ker bUlku ds vkeky ds rhu n¶+rj ¼jftLVj½ gksaxs ,d mldh usfd;ksa dk n¶+rj gksxk nwljk mlds xqukg o cqjkb;ksa dk vkSj rhljk vYykg rv+kyk dh usv+erksa dk n¶+rj gksxk vkSj tc dksbZ usdh yk;h tk;sxh rks mlds eqd+kcys usv+er j[k nh tk;sxh gRrk fd usfd;k¡ usv+erksa esa [k+Re gks tk;asxh flQ+Z xqukg vkSj cqjkb;k¡ ckd+h jg tk;saxh fQj vYykg rv+kyk dks mu ij bf[+r;kj gSA pkgs rks viuh jger ls c[+’k ns ;k lt+k ns vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger mldh eqgCcr ds cx+Sj gkfly ugha gksrh vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh eqgCcr gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh eqgCcr ds cx+Sj gkfly ugha gksrh vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh eqgCcr vgys cSr dh eqgCcr ds cxS+j gkfly ugha gksrh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye o vgys cSr vrgkj ds lnd+s o olhys ls gh gj ‘k[+l dks tUur feysxh rks tks ‘k[+l tUur vkSj mldh nk;eh usv+erksa dk rkfyc o [+okfg’k eUn gks mls pkfg;s fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr dks ykft+e idM+ ys D;ksafd uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& vgys cSr dh eqgCcr dks ykft+e idM+ks rks cs’kd tks ‘k[+l bl gky esa vYykg rv+kyk ls feyk 36 reke eqfgCckus vgys cSr okfjls tUur gSaA
  • 37. fd oks esjs vgys cSr dks egcwc j[krk Fkk vkSj esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djrk Fkk rks oks gekjh ‘kQ+kv+r ds olhys ls tUur esa nkf[k+y gksxk ml t+kr dh d+le ftlds d+Ct+s dqnjr esa esjh tku gS fdlh ‘k[+l dks mldk v+ey gekjs gd+ dh ekv+jQ+r gkfly fd;s cx+Sj Q+k;nk ugha nsxkA ¼eqv+te vkSlr gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe ls fjok;r gS jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us vkf[k+jh pht+ tks bj’kkn Q+jekbZ oks ;s gS fd eq>s esjs vgys cSr esa ryk’k djksA gt+jr vcw elÅ+n vUlkjh jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&ftlus uekt+ i<+h vkSj eq> ij vkSj esjh vky ij nq:n u i<+k mldh gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk djeYykgq otgqy djhe Q+jekrs gaS fd jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us eq>s crk;k fd esjs lkFk lcls igys tUur esa nkf[k+y gksus okys eSa ¼gt+jr v+yh½ lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ gSa eSus v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg gels eqgCcr djus okys dgk¡ gksaxs vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k 37 rcjkuh&2@360½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@172½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr& rcjkuh&4@173½ uekt+ dqcwy u gksxhA ¼cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&2@530½ ¼rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&14@173½ rqEgkjs ihNs gksaxsA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@164½
  • 38. gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k&lcls igys gkSt+s dkSlj ij eq>ls esjs gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ls Q+jek;k ¼,s Q+kfrek½ eSa vkSj rw vkSj ;s nksuks ¼gluSu djheSu½ vkSj v+yh ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ jkst+s d+;ker ,d gh txg ij gksaxsA ¼etemT+t+okbn&9& ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us ,s vyh rw vkSj rsjs ennxkj ¼jkst+s d+;ker½ esjs ikl gkSt+s dkSlj ij psgjs dh ‘kknkch vkSj lSjkc gksdj vk;saxs vkSj muds psgjs ¼uwj dh otg ls½ lQ+sn gksaxs vkSj cs’kd rsjs nq’eu ¼jkst+s d+;ker½ esjs ikl gkSt+s dkSlj ij cnuqek psgjksa ds lkFk l[+r I;kl dh gkyr esa vk;saxsA ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&1@319½ gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu elÅ+n ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& esjs vgys cSr dh ,d fnu dh eqgCcr ,d lky dh b+cknr ls csgrj gS vkSj tks blh eqgCcr ij Q+kSr gqvk oks tUur esa nkf[k+y gks x;kA ¼eqLun 38 vgys cSr feysaxsA ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@100½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@131½ vy fQ+jnkSl&2@142½ 169]180½ ¼eqLun vgen&1@101] 2@692½ gt+jr e©yk v+yh ls Q+jek;k&
  • 39. gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k rqe esa ls csgrjhu oks gS tks esjs ckn esjs vgys cSr ds fy;s csgrjhu gSA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@352½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@174½ ¼vy fQ+nkSl&2@170½ ¼rkjh[k+ cx+nkn&7@276½ gt+jr vcw jkQ+v+ c;ku djrs gSa fd jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr v+yh ls Q+jek;k cs’kd tks igys pkj ‘k[+l tUur esa nkf[k+y gksaxs oks eSa]¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ vkSj rqe ¼gt+jr v+yh½ vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ gksaxs vkSj gekjh vkSykn gekjs ihNs gksxh vkSj gekjh chfo;k¡ gekjh vkSykn ds ihNs gksaxh vkSj gekjs pkgus okys gekjs nk¡;s vkSj ok¡;s tkfuc gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd pkj ‘k[+l ,sls gSa fd d+;ker ds jkst+ ftuds fy;s eSa ‘kQ+kvr djus okyk gksÅ¡xk ¼vkSj oks ;s gSa½ esjh vkSykn dh bT+t+r o rdjhe djus okyk vkSj mudh gktkr dks iwjk djus okyk vkSj muds eqv+keykr ds fy;s rx o nw ¼nkSM+ /kwi½ djus okyk vkSj fny o tku ls muls eqgCcr djus 39 ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@131½ okykA ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@100 g0&34180½ gksaxsA ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&1@319½
  • 40. xqft+Lrk lQ+k ij et+dwjk vgknhl esa eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds fy;s tks bukekr vkSj vTjs v+t+he ls cgjs;kc gksus dk tks ft+Ø gqvk gS mldh lv+knr ftldks gkfly gks tk;s rks mlds ,t+kt+ks bdjke o e’kjZrks dkejkuh dk v+kye D;k gksxk jkst+s d+;ker gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj dh dqcZr ls tks eq’kjZQ+ gks tk;s oks vYykg rv+kyk dh jger o veku esa jgsxk vkSj ;s eqfgCckus vgys cSr ds fy;s cM+s Q[+j vkSj e’kZjr dk ed+ke gksxk vgys cSr ls eqgCcr dh tt+k vYykg dh jger o tUur gS vkSj buls cqXt+ o gt+jr v+CnqYyk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk oks ‘kghn ejk tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk oks ex+Qwj ejk ¼;kuh mldh ex+fQjr gks xbZ½ vkSj tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk oks tUur esa bl rjg tk;sxk ftl rjg nqYgu vius nwYgk ds ?kj tkrh gS vkSj tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk rks mldh d+cz ij vYykg rv+kyk jger ds Q+fj’rksa dks eqd+jZj Q+jek;sxk vkSj tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen dh eqgCcr ij ejk oks jkst+s eg’kj bl rjg vk;sxk fd mldh is’kkuh ij vk;rs jger fy[kh gksxh vkSj tks ‘k[+l vkys eqgEen ds cqXt+ ij ejk oks tUur dh [kq’cw Hkh ugha lw¡?ksxkA 40 &% vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus okys tgUuqeh gSa %&&% vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus okys tgUuqeh gSa %& v+nkor dh lt+k nkst+[k+ gSA ¼gqCcs vgys cSr vkSj rkft+;knkjh&14]15½
  • 41. gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& ml ‘k[+l ij vYykg rv+kyk dk l[+r v+t+kc gksxk tks esjs vgys cSr ds ckjs esa eq>s rdyhQ+ igq¡pk;sxkA ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@93½ gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& vxj dksbZ ‘k[+l dkckrqYykg ds ikl :Dus ;ekuh vkSj ed+kes bczkghe ds nje;ku [kM+k gksdj uekt+ i<+s vkSj jkst+k ¼Hkh½ j[ks fQj oks bl gky ij ejs fd esjs vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[krk Fkk rks cs’kd oks tgUuqe esa tk;sxkA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@161½ ¼eqv+te dchj vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus ds lcc bUlku ds reke usd vkeky vdkjr ¼cckZn½ gks tkrs gSa vkSj nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa mlds vkeky mls dksbZ uQ+k u nsaxs ftlus vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kk xks;k mlus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls cqXt+ j[kk vkSj ftlus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls cqXt+ j[kk xks;k mlus vYykg rv+kyk ls cqXt+ j[kk vkSj ,slk ‘k[+l tgUuqe esa fugk;r l[+r v+t+kc esa eqfCryk gksxk vkSj u mldh uekt+s mlds dke vk;saxh vkSj u jkst+k vkSj u nhxj usd vkeky cfYd oks nkf[k+ys tgUuqe gksxk vkSj tgUuqe dh 41 rcjkuh&11@176½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@171½ ngdrh gqbZ vkx mldk nk;eh fBdkuk gksxhA
  • 42. gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& [kqnk dh d+le ftlds d+Ct+s dqnjr esa esjh tku gS ge vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kus okyk dksbZ ,d ‘k[+l Hkh ,slk ugha fd ftls vYykg rv+kyk tgUuqe esa u Mkys ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@162½ gt+jr vcw lb+Zn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& ftlus vgys cSr ls cqXt+ j[kk oks equkfQ+d+ gSA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&7@349½ ¼beke vgen mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa& uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks viuh deyh esa ys fy;k vkSj nqv+k dh ,s vYykg tks buls v+nkor ¼nq’euh½ j[ks rw mlls v+nkor j[k vkSj tks budks nksLr j[ks rw tSlk fd vgys bZeku dk v+d+hnk gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh nqv+k dHkh jn~n ugha gksrh cfYd ‘kjQ+s ed+cwfy;r ikrh gS ;kuh tks vgys cSr vrgkj dk nksLr gS oks vYykg rv+kyk dk nksLr gS vkSj tks vgys cSr dk nq’eu gS oks vYykg rv+kyk dk nq’eu gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dk nq’eu nkst+[k+h vkSj v+t+kcs bykgh dk eqLrfgd+ o lt+kokj gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk ftls viuk nksLr cuk ys oks jgers bykgh vkSj tUur dk eqLrfgd+ o lt+kokj gS 42 mls nksLr j[kA ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@166½ fcu gEcy& Q+t+kbys lgkck&2@661½
  • 43. gt+jr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYyk ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& tks esjs vgys cSr ls cqXt++ j[krk gS vYykg rv+kyk mls jkst+s d+;ker ;gwfn;ksa ds lkFk tek djsxk pkgs oks jkst+s uekt+ dk ikcUn D;ksa u gks vkSj [kqn dks gt+jr t+Sn fcu vjd+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ rqe ftlls yM+ksxs eSa Hkh mlls yM+w¡xk vkSj ftlls rqe lqyg djksxs eSa Hkh mlls lqyg d:¡xkA ¼frfeZt+h&2@762½ ¼bCus ektk&1@82½ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& ,s vYykg tks eq>ls vkSj esjs vgys cSr ls cqXt+ o v+nkor j[krk gks mls dljrs eky vkSj dljrs vkSykn ls uokt+ ;s mudh xqejkgh ds fy;s dkQ+h gS fd mudk eky dlhj gks tk;s il ¼ml dlhj eky ds ckbl½ mudk fglkc rohy ¼yEck½ gks tk;s vkSj mudh fotnkfu;r ¼tt+okrh pht+sa½ dlhj gks tk;s rkfd muds ‘k;krhu dljr ls gks tk;saA 43 ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@492½ ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&5@184½ ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@161½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr&rcjkuh&4@212½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@172½ eqlyeku xqeku djrk gksA
  • 44. &% vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr okftc gS %&&% vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr okftc gS %& vYykg rv+kyk gekjk [k+kfyd+ o ekfyd gS ftlus gesa v’kjQqy e[k+ywd+kr cuk;k vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh mEer esa iSnk Q+jek;k vkSj gesa nhus bLyke v+rk fd;k tks dk;ukr dh reke usv+erksa esa lcls vQ+t+y usv+er gS ftlus gesa cs‘kqekj usv+erksa cjdrksa ls uokt+k ftlus ge eqlyekuksa ds fy;s tUur dks vkjkLrk fd;k ftlus gekjh nqU;koh t+:fj;kr o gktkr dh rdehy dh vkSj nqfu;k¡ esa bUlku dh bfCnrk ls bf[+rrke rd vkSj d+cz ls d+;ker rd vkSj d+;ker ls nkf[k+ys tUur rd gesa vYykg rv+kyk dh jger fugk;r t+:jh gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ds fy;s vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh eqgCcr gkfly djus ds fy;s mlds egcwc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh eqgCcr t+:jh gS ftuds t+fj;s gesa dqjku o lqUur vkSj vgdkes ‘kjhv+r o jkgs fgnk;r feyh vkSj ftuds rqQS+y gesa nqfu;k¡ esa cs ‘kqekj usv+ersa feyha vkSj bUgha ds olhys vkSj ‘kQ+kv+r ls vYykg rv+kyk gesa tUur v+rk djsxk vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls eqgCcr djuk xks;k vYykg rv+kyk ls eqgCcr djuk gS vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq vySg olYye dh eqgCcr ds fy;s vgys cSr ls eqgCcr t+:jh gS vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj gqtwj lYyYykgq vySg olYye dh lqUurksa o dekykr dk t+kfgjh o ckfruh vkbuknkj csgrjhu uewuk gSa vkSj 44 mldh bafrgkbZ eqgCcr t+:jh gSA
  • 45. bLyke dh cd+k ds t+kfgjh eqgkfQt+ vgys cSr vrgkj gaS ftuls vkt bLyke ft+Unk o rkfcUnk gSA gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k esjh mEer esa ls mlds fy;s esjh ‘kQ+kv+r gS ftlus esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr dhA gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& vYykg rv+kyk ls eqgCcr djks fd oks rqEgas usv+erksa ls uokt+rk gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk ds fy;s eq>ls eqgCcr djks vkSj esjs gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& vkneh d+;ker ds fnu d+cz ls mBdj b/kj m/kj gjdr u dj ldsxk tc rd mlls pkj ckrksa dk tokc u ys fy;k tk;s m+ez ds ckjs esa fd fdl dke esa xqt+kjh vkSj ftLe dh rkd+r ds ckjs esa fd dgk¡ [k+pZ dh vkSj eky ds ckjs esa fd dgk¡ [k+pZ fd;k vkSj esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr ds gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us 45 ¼rkjh[k+ cx+nkn&2@146½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@737½ ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&3@46½ ds ckjs esaA ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&11@83½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&10@346½ lcc ls esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr djksA
  • 46. Q+jek;k& fd viuh vkSykn dks rhu ckrsa fl[kkvks vius uch dh eqgCcr vkSj vius uch ds vgys cSr dh eqgCcr vkSj dqjku i<+uk rks cs’kd dqjku ds b+Ye okys d+;ker ds fnu ftl fnu vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ds lk;s ds flok dksbZ lk;k u gksxk vYykg dh jger ds lk;s esa ;s yksx vfEc;k vkSj usd cUnksa ds lkFk gksaxsA ¼dqatqy m+Eeky&16@456½ jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls Q+jek;k&,s v+yh cs’kd vYykg rv+kyk us rq>s vkSj rsjh vkSykn dks vkSj rsjs ?kj okyksa dks vkSj rsjs ennxkjksa dks vkSj rsjs pkgus okyksa dks c[+’k fn;k gS il rq>s ;s gt+jr vcwtj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us dkcs dk njokt+k idM+s gq;s Q+jek;k&fd eSaus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk gS fd rqeesa esjs vgys cSr dh felky uwg v+ySgllyke dh d’rh ds ekfuUn gS fd tks blesa lokj gks x;k oks futkr ik x;k vkSj tks ihNs jgk ¼;kuh tks p<+ u vgys cSr dks d’rh&,&uwg ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dgus dk ekuk vkSj eQ+gwe ;s gS fd oks yksx tks uwg ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ds eqfUdj Fks vkSj vYykg o jlwy dh ukQ+jekuh djrs vkSj dq¶+j o ‘kjd’kh esa eqfCryk jgrs Fks vkSj muesa ls ckt+ us uwg ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks cqXt+ o dhuk ds lcc eq[+rfyQ+ vfT+t+;rsa igq¡pk;ha Fkha oks reke ljd’k yksx gt+jr uwg ¼v+ySgLlyke½ 46 ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%& [kq’k[k+cjh eqckjd gksA ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&5@329½ ik;k½ oks gykd gks x;kA ¼fe’dkr&3@264½
  • 47. dh d’rh esa lokj u gks lds vkSj rwQkus uwg esa x+d+Z gksdj gykd gks x;s vkSj tks yksx d’rh esa lokj gks blh rjg ftuds fny vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr ls ycjst+ gSa oks futkr ik tk;saxs vkSj vkf[k+jr esa vTjs v+t+he ds eqLrfgd+ vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ls cgjs;kc gksaxs vkSj tUur esa nkf[k+y gksaxs vkSj ftuds fny vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr ls [k+kyh gaS muds fy;s gykdr gS vkSj oks yksx vgys cSr vrgkj ls cqXt+ o dhuk ls ckbl ukjs tgUuqe esa rwQ+kus uwg dh rjg x+d+Z gks tk;saxs vkSj tgUuqe ds eq[+rfyQ+ v+t+kc esa eqfCryk fd;s gj ekeykr esa ,rnky csgrj ‘kS% gS ysfdu eqgCcr ds ekeys ,rnky ugha D;ksafd eqgCcr dh dksbZ gn ugha gksrh vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds egcwc jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj ls gesa ftl d+nj eqgCcr gksrh gS ml fed+nkj ls dbZ xquk T+;knk gesa mudh d+qjcr gkfly gksrh gS et+hn gekjh cf[+’k’k vkSj vPNs g’j o vYykg rv+kyk dh jger o [kq’kuwnh dk lcc curh gS vkSj eqgCcr o vd+hnr ij gh bZeku dh cqfu;kn vkSj cf[+’k’k dk bfUglkj gS ;kuh lgh my v+d+hnk vkSj lPph eqgCcr ls gh gekjh gt+jr v+Cckl fcu v+Cnqy eqRrfyc ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ us gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg 47 x;s Fks oks futkr ik x;s FksA tk;saxsA ex+fQ+jr vkSj vPNs g’j mEehn curh gSA
  • 48. olYye ls f’kdk;r dh fd dqjS’k tc vkil esa xq¶+rxw dj jgs gksrs gaS vkSj ge ¼bl njfe;ku½ tc muls feyrs rks oks xq¶+rxw cUn dj nsrs vkSj [k+keks’k gks tkrs rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k ml t+kr dh d+le ftlds d+Ct+s dqnjr esa esjh tku gS fd fdlh ‘k[+l ds fny esa ml oD+r rd bZeku nkf[k+y ugh gks ldrk tc rd fd vYykg rv+kyk ds fy;s vkSj esjh d+jkcr dh otg gt+jr bCus m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk c;ku gS fd gt+jr vcwcØ fln~nhd+ ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ Q+jekrs gaS fd jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh jt+k eUnh vkSj [kq’kuwnh uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg us Q+jek;k& dksbZ cUnk ml oD+r rd eksfeu ugha gks ldrk tc rd fd eSa mlds ut+nhd mldh tku ls T+;knk egcwc rj u gks tkÅ¡ vkSj esjs vgys cSr mls mlds vgys [kkuk ls T+;knk egcwc rj u gks tk¡;as vkSj esjh vkSykn mls viuh vkSykn ls T+;knk egcwc u gks tk;s vkSj esjh t+kr mls viuh t+kr ls T+;knk egcwc rj gks tk;sA ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&7@70½ ¼’kqv+cqy bZeku&2@189½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&1@88½ 48 ls esjs vgys cSr ls eqgCcr u djsA ¼bCus ektk&1@80½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@727½ vgys cSr dh eqgCcr esa gSA ¼lgh cq[k+kjh&2@424]433½ ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&5@154½
  • 49. gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe &% ds eukfd+c %& gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe &% ds eukfd+c %& gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh t+krs vd+nl ls f[k+ykQ+rs ckfruh vkSj foyk;r dk ljp’ek QwVk tks vgys cSr vrgkj dks v+rk gqvk tks ckn esa fo;kyr o beker ds uke ls ekSlwe gqvk gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us viuk uk;cs foyk;r gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks eqd+jZj fd;k vkSj gt+jr beke glu o gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ fcyk;rs v+yh dh uwjkuh ‘keak ds nks eq[+rfyQ+ psgjs vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ds uk;cs fcyk;r gaS gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls gh dqrfc;r eqtn~fn;r x+kSfl;r] v+Cnkfy;r ds p’es QwVs ftlls mEer ds eksfeuhu o vkSfy;k o lkfyghu Q+St+;kc gq;s vkSj fcyk;r dk ;s flyflyk gt+jr esagnh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ij [k+Re gksxkA gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dh Q+t+hyr esa ftruh vgknhl eqckjdk okfjn gSa fdlh nhxj lgkck dh Q+t+hyr esa bruh vgknhl okfjn ugha gSa vki ds t+krs ikd dks oks ed+keks efUt+yr vkSj ,st+kt+ gkfly gqvk tks nhxj lgkck dks gkfly u Fkk vki vkyk ejrcr o ikdht+k lhjrks fdjnkj ds gkfey Fks vki dh Q+t+hyr esa cs’kqekj vgknhl eUdwy gSa ftuesa ls ckt+ dk rt+fdjk ntsZ t+Sy gS gt+jr t+Sn fcu vjd+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg 49 eqykfgt+k Q+jek;saA
  • 50. olYye us x+nhjs [kqe ij d+;ke fd;k vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk gkFk idM+dj Q+jek;k ftldk eSa ekSyk gw¡ mldk v+yh ekSyk gSA ¼frfeZt+h&2@710½ ¼fe’dkr&3@243½ ¼x+nhjs [kqe eDdk eqdjZek vkSj enhuk equOojk ds gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jftvYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd x+nhjs [kqe dk fnu Fkk tc uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dk gkFk idM+dj Q+jek;k& ftldk eSa ekSyk gw¡ mldk v+yh ekSyk gSA bl ekSd+s ij vYykg rv+kyk us ;s vk;r ukft+y Q+jekbZ&fd vkt eSaus rqEgkjs fy;s rqEgkjs nhu dks eqdEey dj fn;k vkSj rqe ij viuh usv+ersa iwjh dj nha vkSj rqEgkjs fy;s ¼crkSj½ nhu bLyke ilUn dj fy;kA ¼lw0&ek;nk&5@3½ ¼beke tykyqn~nhu l;wrh&nqjsZ eUlwj&2@708½ ¼bCus dlhj& vy fonk;k ou fugk;k&5@464½ ¼bCus vlkdj& gt+jr vcw lb+Zn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ;s vk;rs eqckjdk&fd ,s jlwy ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ tks dqN vkidh rjQ+ vkids jc ds tkfuc ls ukft+y fd;k x;k ¼oks lkjk yksxksa dks½ igq¡pk nhft;s ¼lw0&ek;nk&5@67½ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dh Q+t+hyr esa ukft+y gqbZ bl vk;r dk ‘kkus uqtwy 50 njfe;ku ,d txg dk uke gS½ rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&45@176½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr&rcjkuh&3@324½
  • 51. 51 c;ku djrs gq;s Q+jekrs gaS fd ;s vk;rs eqckjdk tc ukft+y gqbZ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dk gkFk idM+k vkSj Q+jek;k fd ftldk eSa ekSyk gw¡ mldk v+yh ekSyk gS ,s vYykg rw mls nksLr j[k tks v+yh dks nksLr j[ks gt+jr t+Sn fcu vjd+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us x+nhjs [kqe ds ed+ke ij f[k+rkc fd;k vkSj Q+jek;k& ftldk eSa ekSyk gw¡ mldk v+yh ekSyk gS ,s vYykg tks v+yh dks nksLr j[ks rw mls nksLr j[k tks v+yh ls v+nkor j[ks rw mlls v+nkor j[k vkSj tks v+yh dh uqljr ¼enn½ djs rw mldh uqljr Q+jeka vkSj tks v+yh dh bv+kur djs rw mldh bv+kur Q+jekaA ¼datqy m+Eeky&11@609½ ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&5@192 ¼vyfonk;k ou uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk gkFk idM+k vkSj Q+jek;k v+yh gj ml ‘k[+l dk nksLr gS tks eq>s nksLr j[krk gS uht+ Q+jek;k& ,s vYykg rw mldks nksLr j[k tks v+yh dks nksLr vkSj mlls v+nkor j[k tks v+yh ls v+nkor j[ksA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&2@817½ ¼rQ+lhj dchj&12@49]50½ ¼rQ+lhj et+gjh&3@152½ fugk;k&4@170½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@104½ j[krk gSA ¼bCus ektk&1@72½
  • 52. jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& v+yh eq>ls gS vkSj eSa v+yh ls gw¡ vkSj esjs ckn et+dwjk gnhl ikd bl ckr ij nykyr djrh gS fd dksbZ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls tqnk xqeku u djs gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe dk vncks ,grjke o rkt+heks rdjhe xks;k rkt+hes eqLrQ+k gS vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dh rud+hl xks;k rud+hls eqLrQ+k gS vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k dk ft+Ø ft+Øs eqLrQ+k gS vkSj ft+Øs eqLrQ+k njvLy ft+Øs [kqnk gS vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ ls eqgCcr xks;k gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls eqgCcr dh v+yker gS vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls eqgCcr vYykg rv+kyk ls eqgCcr dh v+yker gS vkSj ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk eqfgc esgcwcs eqLrQ+k gS vkSj esgcwcs eqLrQ+k esgcwcs [kqnk gS vkSj gt+jr v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dk nq’eu njvLy nq’eus jlwy gS vkSj nq’eus jlwy njvLy nq’eus [kqnk gS vkSj reke nq’eus jlwy d+kfcys ykur vkSj tgUuqe ds vgy vkSj v+t+kcs ukj ds eqLrfgd+ gSaA gt+jr vEekj fcu ;kflj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k& tks eq> ij bZeku yk;k vkSj esjh rlnhd+ dh eSa mls foyk;rs v+yh dh olhv+r djrk gw¡ ftlus v+yh dks oyh 52 v+yh gj eksfeu dk oyh gSA ¼frfeZt+h&2@710½
  • 53. tkuk mlus eq>s oyh tkuk vkSj ftlus eq>s oyh tkuk mlus vYykg dks oyh tkuk vkSj ftlus v+yh ls eqgCcr dh mlus eq>ls eqgCcr dh vkSj ftlus eq>ls eqgCcr dh mlus vYykg ls eqgCcr dh vkSj ftlus v+yh ls cqXt+ j[kk mlus eq>ls cqXt+ j[kk vkSj ftlus eq>ls cqXt+ j[kk mlus vYykg ls cqXt+ foyk;rs v+yh ds QS+t+ ds cxS+j u dksbZ x+kSl gks ldk u dksbZ dqrqc vkSj u dksbZ v+Cnky gks ldk foyk;r] x+kSfl;r] beker] dqrfc;r] v+Cnkfy;r lc foyk;rs v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v++Ugq½ ds QS+t+ ls gSa vkSj vkidh lhjrs ikd reke eqlyekuksa ds fy;s csgrjhu jkgs fgnk;r dk uewuk gS ,d erZck pkj vlgkc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkgs vd+nl esa gkft+j gq;s muesa ls ,d us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dh f’kdk;r djrs gq;s v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg D;k vkius ugha ns[kk fd gt+jr v+yh us ,slk fd;k vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us mlls eq¡g Qsj fy;k fQj nwljk mBk mlus Hkh gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh f’kdk;r esa ;gh dgk vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us mlls Hkh eq¡g Qsj fy;k fQj blh rjg rhljs vkSj pkSFks ‘k[+l us Hkh mBdj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh f’kdk;r esa oks gh ckr nksgjkbZ fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye mudh rjQ+ eqroTtS gq;s vkSj vki 53 j[kkA ¼datqy m+Eeky&11@611½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@108]109½ ¼eqLun vy fQ+jnkSl&1@429½ ¼rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&40@181]182½
  • 54. lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds psgjs eqckjd ls xqLlk t+kfgj gks jgk Fkk vki us Q+jek;k fd rqe vyh ls D;k pkgrs gks ¼;s rhu erZck Q+jek;k½ fQj bj’kkn Q+jek;k& v+yh eq>ls gS vkSj eSa v+yh ls gw¡ vkSj oks esjs ckn gj eksfeu dk oyh gSA ¼frfeZt+h&2@710½ et+dwjk gnhl ikd esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe dh f’kdk;r ij gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk psgjk eqckjd eqrkx+b;j gks tkuk vkSj ml ij xqLls dk t+kfgj gksuk vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk mu f’kdk;r djus okys vlgkc ls eq¡g Qsjuk vkSj vki lYyYykgq vySg olYye dk ;s bj’kkn Q+jekuk fd v+yh eq>ls gS vkSj eSa v+yh ls gw¡ bl ckr dh rjQ+ b’kkjk djrk gS fd rqe tks gt+jr v+yh dh f’kdk;r djrs gks rks xks;k rqe esjh ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ dh f’kdk;r djrs gks D;ksafd tc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jeak fn;k fd v+yh eq>ls gS vkSj eSaa v+yh ls gw¡ rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh f’kdk;r djuk xks;k gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh f’kdk;r djuk gS vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk et+dwjk vgknhl esa nwljk Q+jeku fd esjs ckn v+yh gj eksfeu dk oyh gS ;kuh tks gt+jr ekSyk vyh dh foyk;r dk eqfUdj gS oks eksfeu gh ugha cfYd equkfQ+d+ gS gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ds cs’kqekj Q+t+kby o ejkfrc gSa ftudk ‘kqekj vkSj eqokft+uk djuk uk 54 ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%& eqefdu gSA
  • 55. gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye Q+jek;k djrs Fks fd fdlh equkfQ+d+ dh gt+jr v+yh ls eqgCcr ugha gks ldrh vkSj dksbZ eksfeu gt+jr v+yh ls cqXt+ ugha j[k ldrkA ¼frfeZt+h&2@712½ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us eq>ls v+gn Q+jek;k fd rq>ls eksfeu gh eqgCcr djsxk vkSj rq>ls cqXt+ j[kus ml t+ekus eas lgkckfdjke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ equkfQ+d+ksa vkSj eksfeuksa dh igpku bl rjg fd;k djrs Fks fd ftlds psgjs ij gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ds uke ls ejksM+ o fldqM+u vk tk;s rks oks equkfQ+d+ gS vkSj ftldk psgjk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ds uke ls ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& gt+jr v+yh dk esjs lkFk rv+kYyqd+ bl rjg ls gS ftl rjg gk:u ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dk ewlk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ds lkFk rv+kYyqd+ gS vycRrk esjs gt+jr lkn fcu vch oD+d+kl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS tc vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye x+t+c;s rcwd dks r’kjhQ+ ys tk jgs Fks rks 55 okyk equkfQ+d+ gh gksxkA ¼bCus ektk&1@72½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@718½ [kq’kh vkSj e’kjZr ls f[ky mBs oks eksfeu gSA ckn ucwor ughaA ¼lgh cq[k+kjh&1@526½
  • 56. gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe dks enhuk equOojk dk [k+yhQ+k eqd+jZj fd;k rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh us gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vki eq>s v+kSjrksa vkSj cPpksa esa NksM+s tkrs gSa vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h vkSj [kq’k ugha fd rqEgkjk ntkZ esjs ut+nhd ,slk gS tSls gk:u v+ySgLlyke dk ntkZ ewlk v+ySgLlyke ds ut+nhd Fkk ij esjs ckn dksbZ uch ughaA ¼lgh eqfLye&6@90½ ot+kgr%&gt+jr gk:u v+ySgLlyke ewlk v+ySgLlyke ds ppk t+kn HkkbZ Fks vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ppk t+kn HkkbZ Fks tc vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye x+t+o;s rcwd ij tkus ds fy;s rS;kj Fks ml oD+r vkius ;s bj’kkn Q+jek;k fd ,s v+yh D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h vkSj [kq’k ugha fd rqEgkjk ntkZ esjs ut+nhd ,slk gS tSls gk:u v+ySgLlyke dk ewlk v+ySgLlyke ds ut+nhd Fkk bl bj’kkns eqckjd ls gt+jr ekSyk v+yh¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks oks ‘kjQ+ ¼erZck½ feyk tks cuh bZljkbZy esa gk:u v+ySgllyke dks feyk Fkk exj Q+d+Z bruk Fkk fd gk:u v+ySgLlyke uch gaS vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye [k+kfreqy vfEc;k gSa vkids ckn dksbZ iSx+Ecj nqfu;k¡ esa ugha vkuk FkkA tc vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye x+t+o;s rcwd ij tkus yxs rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks enhuk equOojk dk [k+yhQ+k eqd+jZj fd;k rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh us v+t+Z fd;k fd vki ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ eq>s vius lkFk x+t+o;s ot+kgr%& 56
  • 57. rcwd ij ugha ys tk jgs cfYd v+kSjrksa vkSj cPpksa dh ns[kHkky o fgQ+kt+r ds fy;s enhus esa NksM+s tk jgs gaS rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h vkSj [kq’k ugha fd rqEgkjk esjs lkFk rv+kYyqd+ bl rjg gS ftl rjg gk:u v+ySgLlyke dk ewlk v+ySgLlyke ds lkFk rv+kYyqd+ Fkk tc gt+jr ewlk v+ySgLlyke dksgs rwj ij x;s rks gt+jr gk:u v+ySgLlyke dks viuk [k+yhQ+k cuk x;s Fks ysfdu bl gnhl ;s eqjkn ugha fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds folky ds ckn Hkh vki [k+yhQ+k gksaxs cfYd gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us oD+rh rkSj ij [k+yhQ+k eqd+jZj fd;k Fkk x+jt+ ;s fd tks d+jkcr gk:u v+ySgLlyke dks ewlk v+ySgLlyke ls Fkh mlls dbZ xquk T+;knk d+jkcr gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k dks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls FkhA lkn fcu vch oD+d+kl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd eqv+kfo;k fcu vcw lqfQ+;ku us lkn fcu vch oD+d+kl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks gqDe fn;k vkSj iwNk fd rqe vcw rqjkc ¼gt+jr v+yh eqrZt+k½ dks cqjk D;ksa ugha dgrs gt+jr lkn jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq us dgk fd eSa rhu ckrksa dh otg ls gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dks cqjk ugha dgw¡xk tks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jekbZ Fkha eSaus lquk gS gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ls x+t+c;s rcwd ij tkrs oD+r eq[k+kfrc gksdj Q+jek;k ,s v+yh D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h ugha fd rqEgkjk nt+kZ esjs ut+nhd ,slk gS tSls gk:u v+ySgLlyke dk ewlk 57
  • 58. v+ySgLlyke ds ut+nhd Fkk ij esjs ckn dksbZ uch ugha vkSj eSaus lquk gS [kS+cj ds fnu vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k dy eSa ,sls ‘k[+l dks >.Mk nw¡xk tks eqgCcr j[krk gS vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy ls vkSj vYykg vkSj mldk jlwy Hkh mlls eqgCcr j[krs gSa vkSj mlds gkFkkas ij vYykg rv+kyk Q+rg nsxk ;s lqudj ge bafrt+kj djrs jgs fQj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k v+yh dks cqykvks fQj gt+jr v+yh vk;s rks mudh v¡k[kas nq[rh Fkha gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr v+yh dh v¡k[kksa ij viuk yqv+kcs ngu eqckjd yxk;k ¼il mudh v¡k[kkas dh reke rdyhQ+s [k+Re gks xbaZ½ fQj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dks >.Mk fn;k x;k vkSj vYykg rv+kyk us gt+jr v+yh ds gkFk ij Q+rg nh vkSj eSaus lquk gS tc ;s vk;r ukft+y gqbZ fd cqyk;sa ge vius csVksa dks vkSj cqykvks rqe vius csVksa dks-- ------¼vk;rs eqgkcyk½ rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr v+yh] lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ dks cqyk;k vkSj et+dwjk gnhl eqckjdk ls dbZ ckrsa okt+sg gqbaZ gSa ,d ;s fd vYykg o jlwy vkSj gt+jr v+yh dh ckgeh eqgCcr o d+jkcr bl ckr ij nykyr djrh gS fd gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ejrcr ds v+kyk ed+keks efUt+yr ij Q+kbt+ Fks vkSj nwljh ckr jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds b+Yes x+Sc dks lkfcr djrh gS fd vki 58 Q+jek;k ,s vYykg ;s esjs vgys cSr gSA ¼lgh eqfLye&6@91½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@714½ ¼vcw rqjkc gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh dqfUu;r gS½ rljhg%&rljhg%&
  • 59. lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s Q+jekuk fd dy eSa ml ‘k[+l dks >.Mk v+rk d:¡xk ftlds gkFkksa ij vYykg rv+kyk Q+rg nsxk ;s vki lYyYykgq v+ySg rhljh ckr ;s fd tc vk;rs eqgkcyk ukft+y gqbZ rks vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us vCukvuk esa glu o gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ dks vkSj fulkvuk esa flQZ+ lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ dks vkSj vUQqlkuk esa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us vius lkFk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks ‘kkfey fd;k vkSj Q+jek;k ;s esjs vgys cSr gSa vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds bl Q+jekus eqckjd us yksxksa ds vgys cSr ds eqrkv+fYyd+ eqx+kyrs dh uQ+h dj nh fd dksbZ ‘k[+l v+yh] Q+kfrek] glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dks esjs vgys cSr ls tqnk xqeku u djs cfYd esjs vgys cSr esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh lb;nk Q+kfrek vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& ,s v+yh rw nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa ljnkj gS rsjk egcwc esjk egcwc gS vkSj esjk egcwc vYykg dk egcwc gS vkSj rsjk nq’eu esjk nq’eu gS vkSj esjk nq’eu vYykg dk nq’eu gS vkSj mlds fy;s gykdr ¼cckZnh½ gS tks esjs ckn rqEgkjs lkFk cqXt+ j[ks ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@138½ 59 olYye ds b+Yes x+Sc ij nykyr djrk gSA v+kyk njtkr ds eUlc ij Qkbt+ gSA
  • 60. gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls Q+jek;k ;s v+yh fcu vcw rkfyc gSa budk xksLr esjk xksLr gS vkSj budk [kwu esjk uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k vYykg rv+kyk v+yh ij jge Q+jek;s uht+ Q+jek;k ,s vYykg v+yh ft/kj dks #[k djsa gd+ dk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe gd+ o fgnk;r ds dkfey o csgrjhu uewuk Fks vki us dHkh gd+ o fgnk;r dk vkSj gd+ o fgnk;r us dHkh vkidk lkFk u NksM+k ftl rjg :g vkSj ftLe dk et+cwr ckgeh rv+kYyqd+ gksrk gS mlh rjg gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dk gd+ o fgnk;r ls et+cwr ckgeh rv+kYyqd+ Fkk vkSj ;s lkjk Q+St+ nqv+k;s eqLrQ+k ds vlj o fuLcrs gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us lgkckfdjke ds njfe;ku HkkbZ pkjk d+k;e djk;k rks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ bl gkyr esa gkft+j gq;s fd vkidh v¡k[kkas ls vk¡lw tkjh Fks vkdj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vkius lgkck ds njfe;ku HkkbZ pkjk 60 [kwu gSA ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&11@93½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@102½ :[k Hkh m/kj dks gks tk;sA ¼frfeZt+h&2@712½ eqLrQ+k ls FkkA
  • 61. d+k;e Q+jek;k ysfdu eq>s fdlh dk HkkbZ ugha cuk;k vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k ,s v+yh jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks viuk HkkbZ d+jkj fn;k vkSj nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa gt+jr vul fcu ekfyd ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ikl ,d idk gqvk ifjUnk j[kk Fkk vkius nqv+k ek¡xh ,s vYykg e[k+ywd+ esas ls vius egcwc rjhu ‘k[+l dks esjs ikl Hkst rkfd oks esjs lkFk ;s ifjUnk [kk;s brus esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh gkft+j gq;s fQj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ds lkFk gt+jr v+CnqYyk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe us Q+jek;k& tc eSa dqN ek¡xrk gw¡ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye eq>s v+rk Q+jekrs gSa vkSj vxj eSa [k+keks’k jgrk gw¡ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye eq>ls bfCrnk Q+jekrs gSa ¼;kuh vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye gt+jr v+yh ls [kqn iwNrs vkSj cxS+j loky ds v+rk Q+jekrs½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@713½ 61 ¼frfeZt+h&2@713½ vki bl vt+he ejrcr ls cgjs;kc gq;sA ifjUnk [kk;kA ¼frfeZt+h&2@713½ rqe nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr esa esjs HkkbZ gksA
  • 62. gt+jr tkfcj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us rkW;Q+ ds fnu gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks cqyk;k vkSj muls ljxks’kh ¼dkukQwlh½ dh rks yksxksa us dgk gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh vius ppkt+kn HkkbZ ds lkFk ljxks’kh rohy gks xbZ rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k eSaus v+yh ls ljxks’kh ugha dh cfYd vYykg rv+kyk us v+yh ls ljxks’kh Q+jekbZ gS ¼;kuh vYykg rv+kyk ds gqDe ls eSus ljxks’kh dh gS½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@715½ gt+jr mEes v+rh;k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us ,d y’dj Hkstk ftlesa gt+jr v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ Hkh Fks eSus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks gkFk mBk;s nqv+k ek¡xrs gq;s lquk Fkk ,s vYykg ml oD+r rd esjk folky u gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dh tqnkbZ esa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s nqv+k Q+jekuk bafrgkbZ eqgCcr dh v+yker gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ls csgn eqgCcr Fkh vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dks Hkh gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls csbafrgk eqgCcr Fkh gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe vYykg o jlwy ds eqfgc Hkh Fks vkSj esgcwc Hkh FksA 62 ¼frfeZt+h&2@719½ gks tc rd rw eq>s v+yh dks u fn[kk nsA
  • 63. gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ds njokt+s ds flok reke njokt+s cUn djus dk gqDe gt+jr beke glu fcu v+yh ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ us [kqRck fn;k vkSj Q+jek;k& xqft+’rk dy rqels oks gLrh tqnk gks xbZ ftuls u rks xqft+’rk yksx b+Ye esa lcd+r ys lds vkSj u gh ckn esa vkus okys muds b+Yeh erZcs dks ik ldsaxs gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye mudks viuk >.Mk nsdj Hkstrs Fks vkSj ftcjkbZy vkidh nk¡;h rjQ+ gksrs Fks vkSj ehdkbZy vkidh ck¡;h rjQ+ gksrs Fks vkSj vkidh Q+rg gksus rd oks vkids lkFk jgrs FksA ¼eqLun vgen&1@199½ gt+jr tkfcj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ c;ku djrs gSa fd x+tc;s [k+Scj ds fnu gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ us fd+yk [kS+cj dk njokt+k mBk fy;k ;gk¡ rd fd eqlyeku fd+ys ij p<+ x;s vkSj mls Q+rg dj fy;k gkyk¡fd ml njokt+s dks pkyhl vkneh feydj mBkrs FksA ¼beke v’kd+ykuh& Q+rgqy ckjh&7@478½ ¼beke bCus v+yh ‘kSck& vy gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& eSa b+Ye dk ‘kgj gw¡ vkSj v+yh 63 fn;kA ¼tks efLtns ucoh esa [kqyrs Fks½ ¼frfeZt+h&2@717½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr& rcjkuh&2@336½ eqlfUuQ+&6@347½
  • 64. mldk njokt+k gS fygktk tks bl ‘kgj esa nkf[k+y gksuk pkgrk gS oks ckcs v+yh ls vk;sA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@126]127½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@114½ ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@44½ ¼eqv+te dchj& rcjkuh&11@55½ gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& eS fgder dk ?kj gw¡ vkSj tks ‘k[+l gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ckjxkgs vd+nl ls b+Yeks ekv+jQr ls Q+St+;kc gksus dk rkfyc gks rks mls ckcs v+yh ls xqt+juk gksxk ckcs v+yh ls xqt+js cx+Sj ckjxkgs eqLrQ+k ls dksbZ QS+t+;kc ugha gks ldrk vkSj ckcs v+yh vgys cSr vrgkj dh lPph eqgCcr o v+d+hnr ls [kqyrk gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh dqcZr o jlkbZ vkSj Q+T+yks dje dk gqlwy uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj vgys cSr vrgkj dh eqgCcr ls gSA gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd gt+jr v+yh ds psgjs dks ns[kuk Hkh b+cknr gSA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@102&g0&4737½ ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&4@294½ mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa fd eSus vius okfyn gt+jr vcw cØ fln~nhd+ ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dks ns[kk fd oks dljr ls gt+jr v+yh ds 64 v+yh mldk njokt+k gSA ¼frfeZt+h&2@714½
  • 65. psgjs dks ns[kk djrs Fks rks eSus vkils iwNk fd ,s vCcktku D;k otg gS fd vki dljr ls gt+jr v+yh ds psgjs dh rjQ+ ns[krs jgrs gSa gt+jr vcw cØ fln~nhd+ ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us tokc fn;k fd ,s esjh csVh eSus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk gS fd gt+jr v+yh ds gt+jr ryhd+ fcu eqgEen c;ku djrs gS fd eSus gt+jr b+ejku fcu glhu dks ns[kk fd oks gt+jr v+yh dks VdVdh ck¡/ks ns[k jgs Fks fdlh us muls iwNk fd vki ,slk D;ksa dj jgs gSa rks mUgksaus tokc fn;k fd eSus gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk fd gt+jr v+yh dh rjQ+ mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k fd v+yh dk ft+Ø Hkh b+cknr gSA ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&2@244½ + +gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rvkyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa fd eSus uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk gS fd v+yh vkSj dqjku dk pksyh nkeu dk lkFk gS ;s nksuksa dHkh Hkh tqnk u gksaxs ;gk¡ rd fd esjs ikl gkSt+s dkSlj ij ¼Hkh 65 psgjs dks ns[kuk Hkh b+cknr gSA ¼bCus vlkdj&rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&42@355½ ns[kuk Hkh b+cknr gSA ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@109½ ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&18@109½ ¼datqy m+Eeky&11@601½ bdV~Bs½ vk;saxsA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@134½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@134½
  • 66. gt+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ Q+jekrs gSa fd ;s vk;kr& cs’kd tks yksx bZeku yk;s vkSj usd v+ey fd;s rks jgeku muds fy;s ¼yksxksa ds½ fnyksa esa eqgCcr iSnk Q+jeak nsxk& ¼lw0&ej;e&19@96½ ;s vk;rs djhek gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ dh ‘kku esa mrjh vkSj blls eqjkn eksfeuhu ds fnyksa esa gt+jr v+yh gt+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls fjok;r gS fd ;s vk;r gt+jr ekSyk v+yh djeYykgq otgqy djhe ds gd+ esa ukft+y gqbZ ;kuh eksfeuhu ds fnyksa esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh eqgCcr Mky nhA beke v+Cnqy jT+t+kd us gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ls fjok;r fd;k gS fd bl vk;r ls eqjkn nqfu;k¡ esa eksfeuhu ds fnyksa esa gt+jr ekSyk v+yh dh eqgCcr gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k dh ‘kku ck tqckus dqjku& oks tks vius eky [kS+jkr djrs gSa jkr esa vkSj fnu gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ;s vk;r gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk vU+gq½ ds gd+ es ukft+y gqbZ vkids ikl pkj fnjge Fks vkius ,d fnjge jkr 66 dh eqgCcr Mkyuk gSA ¼r¶+lhj dqjrch&6@153½ ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@125½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&4@747½ ¼r¶+lhj et+gjh&6@161½ iSnk djuk gSA ¼r¶+lhj vCnqy jTt+kd&2@367½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&4@748½ esa Nqis gq;s vkSj t+kfgj ¼lw0&cd+jkg&274½
  • 67. dks ,d fnjge fnu dks vkSj ,d fnjge [kqfQ+;k ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&1@936½ ¼r¶+lhj bCus v+Cckl&1@165½ ¼r¶+lhj bCus dlhj&1@384½¼r¶+lhj et+gjh&1@539½ ¼r¶+lhj dqjrch&2@419½ 67 dqjku ethn dh lwjg rgjhe esa vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r us gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy rks cs’kd vYykg gh mudk nksLr o ennxkj gS vkSj ftcjbZy vkSj lkfygqy eksfeuhu ¼usd bZeku okys½ eqQ+fLljhusfdjke bl vk;r dh rQ+lhj esa Q+jekrs gSa fd lkfygqy eksfeuhu ls eqjkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh gt+jr vLek fcUrs m+eSl ¼jftvYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS fd eSusa uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks Q+jekrs gq;s lquk gS fd lkfygqy beke bCus vlkdj ¼jgerqYykg v+ySg½ us bCus vC+ckl jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls c;ku fd;k gS fd lkfygqy eksfeuhu ls eqjkn gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼rkjh[+k bCus vlkdj&42@361½ ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&6@643½ ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ gSaA ¼r¶+lhj bCus dlhj& 28@566½ eksfeuhu gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ gSaA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&6@643½ ¼r¶+lhj dqjrch&9@504½ ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk vU+gq½ gSaA vkSj ,d fnjge ,sykfu;k¡ [k+pZ fd;kA djhe½ dks lkfygqy eksfeuhu Q+jek;k& vkSj Q+fj’rs muds ennxkj gSaA ¼lw0&rgjhe&4½
  • 68. gt+jr lb;nk Q+kfrek v+ySgLlyke [k+okrhu esa lcls vQ+t+y o vkyk gaS vkSj dk;ukr dh reke v+kSjrksa dh ljnkj gSa vYykg rv+kyk us bUgs [k+kl b+uk;kr o flQ+kr ls uokt+k gS iwjh bUlkuh dk;ukr esa fdlh dks gwj dk yd+c v+rk ugha gqvk vki [k+kl b+uk;kr o flQ+kr o ,st+kt+ dh cqfu;kn ij [k+kl v+t+erksa dh gkfey Fkha vki v+kfcnk] t+kfgnk] rkfgjk] ‘kkfdjk o lkfcjk vkSj jc dh jt+k ij jkt+h jgus okyh csfeLy ikdht+k [k+krwu Fkha gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh uwjs ut+j mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr [k+nht+krqy dqcjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ dh y[+rs ftxj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ dh tkst+k vkSj gluSu djheSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ dh ek¡ vkSj reke [k+okrhus tUur vYykg rv+kyk us lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼lykeqYykg v+ySgk½ dks oks ,t+kt+ vkSj cqyUn ed+keks ejrc ls uokt+k ftldh dksbZ nwljh felky ugha vkSj fdlh nwljh [k+krwu dks ;s ‘kjQ+ gkfly u gqvk vkidh [kqlwfl;kr esa ls ;s Hkh gS fd vkidk fudkg v+’ksZ vkt+e ij equfD+d+n gqvk vkSj vki eklwehu dh Q+sgfjLr o vklekuh ‘kkf[+l;rksa ds t+qejs esa ‘kkfey gSa ljojs dk;ukr jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks viuh lcls I;kjh o ykMyh csVh lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼lykeqYykg v+ySgk½ ls csgn eqgCcr Fkh vkSj bl eqgCcr dk vankt+ tqnkxkuk Fkk gqtwj 68 &% [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek lykeqYykg v+ySgk ds eukfd+c %& &% [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek lykeqYykg v+ySgk ds eukfd+c %& dh ljnkj gSaA
  • 69. lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls lb;nk Q+kfrek v+ySgLlyke dk fj’rk flQ+Z cki vkSj csVh dk fj’rk u Fkk cfYd gqDes bykgh ls mEer ds eqLrd+fcy o gd+ o fgnk;r vkSj beker o fd+;knr ¼jguqekbZ½ mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrh gSa ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls Q+jek;k& ,s Q+kfrek D;k rqe bl ckr ij jkt+h ugha fd rqe esjh mEer dh reke v+kSjrksa dh ljnkj gksA gt+jr gqt+SQ+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS Q+jekrs gaaS fd esjh okfynk us eq>ls iwNk fd rqeus dc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls eqykd+kr dh Fkh eSus dgk fd bruh eqn~nr ls eSa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ls ugha fey ldk ;s lqudj oks jat+hnk gqbaZ rks eSaus v+t+Z fd;k fd eq>s btkt+r nhft;s fd eSa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds lkFk ex+fjc dh uekt+ i<w¡ vkSj rqEgkjs vkSj vius fy;s nqv+k;s ex+fQ+jr djkÅ¡ il eSa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gqvk vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds lkFk uekt+s ex+fjc vnk dh ;gk¡ rd fd vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us uekt+s b’kka vnk Q+jekbZ vkSj py iM+s eSa Hkh vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ihNs py iM+k esjh vkgV lqudj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k dkSu gqt+SQ+k gS eSaus v+t+Z fd;k th gk¡ vki 69 vkSj jgcjh ls eqUlfyd gSA ¼lgh eqfLye&6@121½
  • 70. lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k rq>s D;k dke gS vYykg rq>s vkSj rsjh ek¡ dks c[+’k ns fQj Q+jek;k ;g ,d Q+fj’rk gS tks vkt jkr ls igys dHkh ugha mrjk blus vius jc ls btkt+r ek¡xdj eq>s lyke djus vkSj eq>s ;s [kq’k[k+cjh nsus ds fy;s gkft+j gqvk gS fd Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ reke tUurh v+kSjrksa dh ljnkj gSa vkSj glu o gqlSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ reke tUurh ukS tokuksa ds ljnkj rljhg%& et+dwjk gnhl ikd ls dbZ ckrsa okt+sg gqbaZ gSa fd gt+jr gqt+SQ+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ viuh vkSj viuh okfynk dh nqv+k;s ex+fQ+jr ds bjkns ls uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gq;s Fks ysfdu gt+jr gqt+SQ+k ds ¼nqv+k;s ex+fQ+jr½ v+t+Z djus ls d+Cy ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s Q+jekuk fd ,s gqt+SQ+k vYykg rv+kyk rq>s vkSj rsjh ek¡ dks c[+’k ns vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s bj’kkns eqckjd vkids b+Yes x+Sc ij nykyr djrk gS fd vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds b+Yes x+Sc esa ;s ckr Fkh fd gt+jr gqt+SQ+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ fdl nwljh ckr ;s fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij lyke i<+us ij yxus okys ,rjkt+kr dh uQ+h dj nh fd tc eykbdk ¼Q+fj’rs½ bT+us [kqnk ls gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks lyke v+t+Z djus dh x+jt+ ls vkrs gSa rks ge eqlyeku vius I;kjs vkd+k rktnkjs enhuk jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq rljhg%& 70 gSaA ¼frfeZt+h&2@734½ bjkns ls esjs ikl vk;s gSaA
  • 71. v+ySg olYye ij lyke Hkstrs gSa rks ckt+ yksxksa dks D;ksa rdyhQ+ gksrh gS vkSj lyke i<+us ij ,rjkt+kr yxkrs gSa gkyk¡fd muds reke ,rjkt+kr cs cqfu;kn vkSj cn v+d+hnxh vkSj muds cs&bZeku gksus ij rhljh ckr ;s fd vYykg rv+kyk us Q+fj’rs ds t+fj;s vius egcwc rd ;s iSx+ke vkSj [kq’k[k+cjh Hksth fd [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ reke [k+okrhus tUur dh ljnkj gSa vkSj gluSu djheSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ reke tokukus tUur ds ljnkj gSa cfYd gd+hd+r ;s gS fd gluSu djheSu reke tUurh enks± ds ljnkj gSa D;ksafd gnhl ikd esa gS fd tUur esa dksbZ Hkh enZ o v+kSjr cw<+k ugha gksxk ;kuh lc toku gksaxs vkSj rhl lky dh m+ez ds gksaxs vkSj ges’kk blh m+ez esa jgsaxs vkSj u dHkh mudh jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& Q+kfrek esjs ftxj dk VqdM+k gS mldh rdyhQ+ esjh rdyhQ+ gS vkSj tks pht+ mls vfT+t+;r ns oks esjs fy;s Hkh vfT+t+;rukd gS ¼frfeZt+h&2@763½ uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& Q+kfrek esjs ftLe dk fgLlk gS ftlus Q+kfrek dks xqLlk fnyk;k mlus eq>s xqLlk fnyk;kA ljdkjs nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& cs’kd Q+kfrek esjh ‘kk[k+s lejckj gS ftl 71 nykyr djrs gSaA tokuh [k+Re gksxhA ¼lgh cq[k+kjh&2@424½
  • 72. pht+ ls mls [kq’kh gksrh gS ml pht+ ls eq>s Hkh [kq’kh gksrh gS vkSj ftl pht+ ls mls rdyhQ+ igq¡prh gS [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh eqgCcr dk ;g ,d vyx vankt+ gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us lb;nk Q+kfrek dks vius ftLe vd+nl dk ,d tqt+ vkSj ftxj dk VqdM+k dgk vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk ;s Q+jekuk fd Q+kfrek dh gj rdyhQ+ xks;k esjh rdyhQ+ gS vkSj Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks xqLlk fnykuk vkSj mUgsa ukjkt+ djuk xks;k eq> ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ dks xqLlk fnykuk vkSj ukjkt+ djuk gS vkSj lb;nk Q+kfrek dks tks pht+ [kq’kh igq¡pkrh gS oks pht+ eq>s Hkh [kq’kh igq¡pkrh gS vkSj ;s gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye vkSj lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼lykeqYykg v+ySgk½ ds njfe;ku ,d vuks[kh vkSj cs feLy ckgeh eqgCcr gS ftldh dksbZ nwljh felky ugha gS vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh rdyhQ+ o ukjkt+xh njvLy vYykg gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us lb;nk Q+kfrek ls Q+jek;k& cs’d vYykg rv+kyk rsjh ukjkt+xh ij ukjkt+ gksrk gS vkSj rsjh jt+k ij 72 ml pht+ ls eq>s Hkh rdyhQ+ igq¡prh gSA ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@168½ ¼eqLun vgen&4@332½ rv+kyk dh ukjkt+xh vkSj xt+c dk ckbl gSA jkt+h gksrk gSA ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&1@108½ ¼eqLrnjd gkfde&3@167½
  • 73. gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye tc lQ+j dk bjknk Q+jekrs rks vius vgy o v+;ky esa lcls vkf[k+j esa lb;nk Q+kfrek ls xq¶+rxw Q+jekdj lQ+j ij j*okuk gksrs vkSj lQ+j ls ckilh ij lcls igys lb;nk Q+kfrek ds ikl r’kjhQ+ ykrs vkSj Q+jekrs& ,s Q+kfrek esjs reke lgkckfdjke dk ;s ekywe Fkk fd tc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gksrs vkSj dqN v+t+Z djrs rks dgrs fd ;k jlwyqYykg esjs ek¡ cki vki ij dqckZu gksa exj uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ut+nhd lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dh d+njks efUt+yr o ,st+kt+ dk oks cqyUn ed+ke Fkk fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye viuh y[+rs ftxj [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ls Q+jekrs ,s Q+kfrek esjs ek¡ cki rq> ij dqckZu gksaA gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼djeYykgq otgqy djhe½ ls fjok;r gS uch vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& esjs ikl ,d Q+fj’rs us vkdj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vYykg rv+kyk us vki ij lyke Hkstk vkSj Q+jek;k fd eSus vkidh csVh Q+kfrek dk fudkg ekyk&,&vkyk ¼v+’ksZ vkt+e½ ij v+yh fcu vcw rkfyc ls dj fn;k gS il vki 73 ek¡ cki rq> ij dqckZu gksaA ¼bCus vlkdj&rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&43@141½ ¼gkfde& vy eqLrnjd&3@169]170½ t+ehu ij Q+kfrek dk fudkg v+yh ls dj nsaA ¼eqfgCcs rcjh&1@73½
  • 74. gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu elÅ+n jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq ls fjok;r gS ljojs dk;ukr lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k vYykg rv+kyk us eq>s gqDe Q+jek;k gS fd Q+kfrek dk fudkg v+yh ls dj nw¡A lb;nk Q+kfrek lykeqYykg v+ySgk dh ‘kkuks v+t+er dk ;s v+kye fd vkidks ;s ‘kjQ+s v+t+he gkfly gqvk gS fd vkidk fudkg vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r us v+’ksZ vkt+e ij equfD+d+n fd;k vkSj vkids etfyls fudkg esa ¼40½ pkyhl gt+kj Q+fj’rksa us f’kdZr dh fQj gqDes [kqnk ls t+ehu ij vkidk gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ‘ksjs [kqnk djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k esjh csVh Q+kfrek d+;ker ds fnu bl rjg mBsxh fd ml ij bT+t+r dk tksM+k gksxk ftls vkos g;kr esa /kks;k x;k gksxk lkjh e[k+ywd+ mls ns[kdj nax jg tk;sxh fQj mls tUur dk fyckl iguk;k tk;sxk ftldk gj gqYyk ¼tUurh fyckl½ gt+kj gqYyksa ij eq’krfey gksxk vkSj gj ,d ij lCt+ [k+r ls fy[kk gksxk esjh csVh Q+kfrek dks vglu ¼cgqr vPNh] cgqr [kwc½ lwjr o vdey ¼cM+h dkfey] fugk;r ekfgjs Q+u½ o reke rj djker vkSj bT+t+r ds lkFk nqYgu dh rjg ltkdj lRrj gt+kj gwjksa ds >qjeqV esa tUur esa ys tk;k 74 ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@204½ ¼eqv+te dchj&rcjkuh&10@156½ fudkg gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ls gqvkA tk;sxkA ¼eqfgCc rcjh&95½
  • 75. gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k djeYykgq otgqy djhe ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k& d+;ker ds fnu eq>s cqjkZd ij vkSj esjh csVh Qkfrek dks esjh lokjh m+t+ck ij fcBk;k tk;sxk jkst+s d+;ker vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r gt+jr lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dks oks cqyUn ed+ke o bT+t+rks bdjke ls ljQ+jkt+ Q+jek;sxk fd vfEc;kfdjke Hkh mUgsa ns[kdj j’d djsaxs jkst+s d+;ker gqDes [kqnk gksxk fd ,s eg’kj okyks viuh fuxkgsa vkSj ljksa dks >qdk yks rkfd Q+kfrek fcUrs eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ xqt+j tk;s vkSj vki nks lCt+ pknjksa esa fyiVh gqbZ lRrj gt+kj gwjksa gt+jr vcw vb;wc vUlkjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jkst+s d+;ker v+’kZ dh xgjkb;ksa ls ,d funk nsus okyk vkokt+ nsxk fd ,s eg’kj okyksa vius ljksa dks >qdkyks vkSj viuh fuxkgsa uhph dj yks rkfd Q+kfrek fcUrs eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ iqy fljkr ls xqt+j tk;sa il vki lRrj gt+kj [k+kfnek gwjksa ds lkFk xqt+jsaxhA mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;’kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS Q+jekrh gSa fd eSus jlwys vdje ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ dh lkgct+knh [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ls c<+dj fdlh dks vknkr glu lhjr o fdjnkj vkSj od+kj 75 ¼rkjh[k+ nfe’d+&10@353½ ds >qjeqV esa xqt+j tk;saxhaA ¼eqfgCcs rcjh&1@94½ ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@105½
  • 76. o mBus cSBus esa gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds eq’kkck ugh ns[kk uht+ Q+jekrha gSa tc Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ r’kjhQ+ ykrha rks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ¼muds bLrd+cky ds fy;s½ [kM+s gks tkrs vkSj mUgsa pwers fQj mUgsa viuh txg fcBkrs vkSj tc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼lykeqYykg v+ySgk½ ds ;gk¡ r’kjhQ+ ys tkrs rks lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds bLrd+cky ds fy;s½ [kM+h gks tkrha vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks pwerh vkSj viuh txg fcBkrh tc gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye v+yhy ¼chekj½ gq;s rks lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ gkft+j gqb± vkSj vki lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij >qd xb± vki dk ckslk fy;k fQj lj mBk;k vkSj jks iM+ha fQj nksckjk >qdha vkSj lj mBk;k rks gal jgh Fkha gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds folky ds ckn eSaus muls iwNk fd crkvks fd tc vki gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij igyh ckj >qdha vkSj lj mBk;k rks vki jks jgha Fkha fQj nksckjk >qddj lj mBk;k rks gal jgha Fkha bldh D;k otg gS rks vkius Q+jek;k&eq>s gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us crk;k fd blh et+Z esa esjk folky gksxk rks eSa jks iM+h fQj crk;k vgys cSr esa lcls igys rqe eq>ls feyksxh ;s lqudj eSa gal iM+hA ¼frfeZt+h&2@765½ ¼lgh cq[k+kjh&2@424½ gt+jr mEes lyek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ fjok;r djrh gSa fd tc lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk ¼v+ySgLlyke½ viuh ejtqy ekSr esa eqfCryk gqb± rks eSa mudh rhekjnkjh fd;k djrh Fkh chekjh ds bl 76
  • 77. iwjs v+lsZ ds nkSjku tgk¡ rd eSaus ns[kk fd ,d fnu lqcg mudh gkyr csgrj Fkh vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼v+ySgLlyke½ fdlh dke ls ckgj x;s Fks lb;nk Q+kfrek t+gjk us dgk ,s vEek ¼mEes lyek½ esjs xqLy ds fy;s ikuh yk;sa rks eSa ikuh yk;h vkSj vki lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ us xqLy fd;k fQj cksyha vEek eq>s u;k fyokl nsa vkSj eSaus ,slk gh fd;k fQj vki fd+Cyk :[k+ gksdj ysV xb± vkSj viuk gkFk eqckjd vius :[k+lkj vd+nl ds uhps dj fy;k vkSj Q+jek;k vEek vc esjh oQ+kr gks tk;sxh eSa ¼xqLy djds½ ikd gks pqdh gw¡ fygkt+k eq>s dksbZ u [kksys il mlh txg vkidh oQ+kr gks xbZA ¼eqLun vgen&6@461½¼etemT+t+okbn&9@210½ gtjr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYykg ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k esjh csVh dk uke Q+kfrek blfy;s j[kk x;k gS fd vYykg rv+kyk us mls vkSj mlls eqgCcr j[kus okyksa dks nkst+[k+ ls vyx&Fkyx dj fn;k gSA ¼datqy m+Eeky&12@109 g0&34227½ gtjr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us ckjxkgs fjlkyr ekc esa v+tZ+ fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg vkidks esjs vkSj Q+kfrek esa dkSu T+;knk egcwc gS vki lYyYYkkgq v+ySg olYye us Q+jek;k Q+kfrek eq>s rqe ls T+;knk I;kjh gS vkSj rqe eq>s mlls T+;knk v+t+ht+ gks ¼etemT+t+okbn&9@173½ 77 ¼vy fQ+jnkSl&1@364½ ¼eqv+te vkSlr&rcjkuh&7@343 g0&7675½
  • 78. ljojs dk;ukr jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ds ftLe vd+nl ij lokjh djus okys gluSu djheSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ v+t+he ‘kkuks v+t+er o ejrcr ds ml v+kyk ed+ke ij Q+kbt+ Fks ftldk rlOoqj Hkh eqgky gS gluSu djheSu dks uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh xksn eqckjd vkSj gt+jr ekSyk v+yh eqrZt+k o [k+krwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dh t+sjs fuxjkuh o ljijLrh esa rjfc;r ikus dk ‘kjQ+ gkfly gqvk ftudks gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us viuh tqckus eqd+n~nl pqlkdj ikyk ftudks viuh iq’r eqckjd ij lokj djds f[kyk;k ftudks vius csVs vkSj xqy’kus nqfu;k¡ ds nks Qwy d+jkj fn;k buls eqgCcr dks viuh eqgCcr vkSj buls v+nkor ¼nq’euh½ dks viuh v+nkor d+jkj fn;k vkSj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye us viuh mEer ij gluSu djheSu dh eqgCcr dks okftc dj fn;k ;s oks vt+he gfLr;k¡ gS fd ftu ij eykbdk ¼Q+fj’rs½ Hkh ekjdk&,&djcyk esa gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ us viuh vk¡[kks ls vius xqy’ku dks mtM+rs ns[kk fQj Hkh vkids d+ne eqckjd esa ,d yEgs ds fy;s Hkh yx+ft+’k u vkbZ vki ij elkbcks vkyke ds igkM+ VwVs fQj Hkh vki lcz o rgEeqy ij bfLrd+ker dk nkeu idM+s gq;s nhus eqgEenh dh fgQ+kt+r dh taxs djcyk esa ftUuks ds ckn’kkg vkidh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gqvk vkSj v+t+Z 78 &% eukfd+cs gluSu djheSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ %&&% eukfd+cs gluSu djheSu ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ %& j’d fd;k djrs gSaA
  • 79. dh ,s beke v+kyh ed+ke vki btkt+r nsa rks eSa bu reke y’djs ;t+hn dk [k+kRek dj nw¡ ysfdu gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ us Q+jek;k fd eSa rqEgsa btkt+r ugha ns ldrk D;ksafd rqe vkSj rqEgkjk y’dj lc ftUu gSa tks fn[kkbZ ugha nsrs vkSj bUlku vkSj ftUukr dh tax ;s uk balkQ+h gS vkSj eSa uk balkQ+h dh tax ugha djuk pkgrk D;ksafd eSa ;gk¡ v+n~yks balkQ+ dh tax dj jgk gw¡ vkSj vkius ;s gt+jr beke gqlSu eSnkus djcyk esa [kqRck bj’kkn Q+jeak jgs Fks vkSj vius [k+seksa ds fxnZ vkx jks’ku djok yh Fkh ekfyd fcu m+oZkg us iqdkj dj dgk ,s gqlSu rqeus ogk¡ dh vkx ls igys ;gha vkx yxk nh rc vkius Q+jek;k ,s nq’eus [kqnk eq>s mEehn gS fd eSa tUur esa tkÅ¡xk vkSj rw nkst+[k++ esa tk;sxk fQj vkius ckjxkgs [kqnkoUnh esa vius gkFk eqckjd mBk;s vkSj nqv+k dh ,s esjs jc bl uk& cdkj dks v+t+kcs ukjs tgUuqe ls d+Cy bl nqfu;k¡ esa vkx dk v+t+kc ns vkSj vkidh nqv+k ed+cwy gqbZ vkSj mlh oD+r ekfyd fcu m+okZg dk ?kksM+k fondk vkSj mldk ik¡o jdkc esa my>k vkSj ?kksM+k mls ?klhVrk gqvk ys x;k vkSj vkx dh [k+Und+ esa Mky fn;k vkSj oks vkx esa tydj HkLe gks x;k fQj gt+jr beke v+kyh ed+ke us lTnk&,&’kqØ vnk fd;k vkSj gEns bykgh ctk yk;s vkSj v+t+Z fd;k ,s vYykg rsjk ‘kqØ gS fd rwus vkys jlwy ds xqLrk[k+ 79 dgdj ftUukr ckn’kkg dks :[k+lr dj fn;kA dks lt+k nhA ¼lokusg djcyk&88½
  • 80. ,d ;t+hnh cn dyke xqLrk[k+ us gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ ls dgk fd vkidks vYykg ds jlwy ls D;k fulcr bl tqeys us gt+jr beke v+kyh ed+ke dks bZt+k ¼rdyhQ+½ igq¡pkbZ vkSj vkius nqv+k Q+jekbZ ,s vYykg bl cn xq¶+rkj dks vius v+t+kc esa fxj¶+rkj Q+jeak vkidh nqv+k ed+cwy gqbZ vkSj ml cn xq¶+rkj dks ,dne d+t+k;s gktr gqbZ vkSj oks ?kksM+s ls mrjdj ,d rjQ+ cjg~uk ¼uaxk½ gksdj d+t+k;s gktr ds fy;s cSBk fd ,d fl;kg fcPNw us ,slk Mad ekjk fd pkjksa rjQ+ nkSM+k&nkSM+k fQjk vkSj gluSu djheSu dh ‘kkuks v+t+er o Q+t+hyr esa cs’kqekj vgknhl okfjn gSa ftuesa ls dqN gt+jr ;v+kyk fcu ejkZg ls fjok;r gS uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k gqlSu et+dwjk gnhl ikd esa ;s ckr dk+fcys roTtkS gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dk Q+jeku fd gqlSu eq>ls gS ;s ckr rks le> esa vkrh gS ysfdu ;s Q+jeku fd eSa gqlSu ls gw¡ blesa D;k fgder gS D;ksafd tqt+ dqy ls gksrk gS dqy tqt+ ls ugha gksrk rks bl v’kd+ky dk eQ+gwe vkSj [kqyklk ;s gS fd [kkrwus tUur lb;nk Q+kfrek ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dh xksn eqckjd ls djcyk rd gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ eq> ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ls Fkk vkSj djcyk ls d+;ker rd eSa ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg 80 ot+kgr%&ot+kgr%& fQj ej x;kA ¼lokusg djcyk&89½ dk rt+fdjk gLcs tS+y gSA eq>ls gS vkSj eSa gqlSu ls gw¡A ¼frfeZt+h&2@732½
  • 81. olYye½ gqlSu ls gw¡ ;kuh bLyke dk oqtwn eqgEenh gS vkSj bLyke dh cd+k gqlSuh gS nhus bLyke ekjdk ,&djcyk ds ckn gqlSu ls gS njvLy dekykrs gqlSu dk lqnwj eqLrQ+k ls gqvk vkSj dekykrs eqLrQ+k dk tgwj gqlSu ls gqvk dekykrs gqlSu dk elnj eqLrQ+k gSa vkSj dekykrs eqLrQk dk et+gj gqlSu gaSA tks dekykr gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ esa Fks oks reke eqLrQ+k ls Fks vkSj oks dekykrs eqLrQ+k ftudk t+gwj gksuk ckd+h Fkk oks djcyk esa okdS+v+ gq;s ‘kgknr beke gqlSu vLy esa ‘kgknrs eqLrQ+k dh rdehy Fkh vkSj Q+jekus eqLrQ+k fd eSa gqlSu ls gw¡ bl rjQ+ Hkh b’kkjk djrk gS fd gt+jr beke gqlSu ¼v+ySgLlyke½ dk t+kfgj o ckfru o gqLuks teky o [kwfc;k¡ o fdjnkjks deky vkSj lhjrks v[k+ykd+ lc eq> ¼gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye½ ls gSa vkSj esjh ‘kgknr o lczks ‘kqØ vkSj ed+kes jt+k ij bfLrd+ker ds dekykr dk t+gwj gqlSu ls lkfnj gksxk tks esjs nhu bLyke dh vYykg rv+kyk us vius egcwc jgers nks v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dh ‘kgknr ds t+gwj ds fy;s gt+jr beke gqlSu dks eqUr[k+c Q+jek;k blfy;s vYykg rv+kyk us gluSu djheSu dks tqfjZ;rs eqLrQ+k v+rk Q+jekbZ vkSj t+kfgjh o ckfruh eq’kkcgr v+rk dh vkSj gluSu djheSu ds dekykr dk elnj gqtwj lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye dks cuk;k vkSj dekykrs eqLrQ+k dk et+gj gluSu 81 djheSu dks cuk;kA fgQkt+r vkSj cd+k dk lcc cusxkA