बाल व्यापार के विरूद्ध संघर्ष एक प्रशिक्षण पुस्तिका

i
cky O;kikj
ds fo:) la?k"kZ
,d çf'k{k.k iqfLrdk

iii
cky O;kikj ds fo:) la?k"kZ & ,d çf'k{k.k iqfLrdk

iv
© lh,lhVh 2007
vki bl iqfLrdk ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx dk bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA ;fn vki óksr dk mYys[k djsaxs rks gesa vPNk yxsxkA bl iqfLrdk ds
fdlh fgLls ;k lexz varoZLrq ds vuqokn ds fy, vkidks gd+ % lsUVj QkWj pkbYM jkbV~l rFkk dSEisu vxsaLV pkbYM VªSfQ+fdax] uS'kuy
lsØsVsfj,V ls vuqefr ysuh gksxhA
gd+ % lsaVj Q+kWj pkbYM jkbV~l
B1/2, Hkwfe ry
ekyoh; uxj] ubZ fnYyh&110017
VsyhQksu +91 11 26673599] 26677412
VsyhQSDl +91 11 26674688
bZesy % info@haqcrc.org /
osclkbV~ % www.haqcrc.org
vFkok
dSEisu vxsaLV pkbYM VªSfQ+fdax] uS'kuy lsØsVsfj,V
bZesy % cact@vsnl.net
osclkbV~ % www.cactindia.in
vkbZ-,l-ch-,u 81-901638-8-4
ys[ku | Hkkjrh vyh
buk{kh xkaxqyh Bqdjky
'kks/k | fotsrk flag
Hkkjrh vyh
fgUnh vuqokn | ;ksxsUnz nÙk
fp= | pks,rkyh js pkS/kqjh
eqnz.k | ,lik;j fMt+kbu
;g iqfLrdk Vsjs Msl gksEl ¼teZuh½ Hkkjr dk;+ZØe @ ch,ets+M dh lgk;rk ls rS;kj dh xbZ gSA

v
Hkwfedk
iwjs ekpZ vkSj vçSy 2006 esa fons'k ea=ky; ds ,d ofj"B vf/kdkjh ds f[k+ykQ+ ekuo O;kikj ds ekeys esa lkaB&xkaB
ds vkjksi lekpkjksa esa Nk, gq, FksA bl dsl dh lhchvkbZ tkap py jgh gSA vHkh ;g ekeyk BaMk iM+k Hkh ugha Fkk fd
tEew&d'ehj esa ;kSu ?kksVkys esa dbZ tkus&ekus jktuhfrKksa vkSj ljdkjh vQljksa ds f[k+ykQ+ vkjksi yxus yxsA vkSj
fQj vk;k fuBkjh dkaM] ftlesa cPpksa ds ;kSu&'kks"k.k ds lkFk&lkFk vax O;kikj dh vk'kadk dks Hkh [kkfjt ugha fd;k tk
ldrkA bl Øe esa lcls gkfy;k ekeyk xqtjkr ds jktusrk ckcwHkkbZ dVkjk dk gS tks ,d efgyk vkSj cPps dks viuh
choh&cPpk cukdj pksjh&Nhis ns'k ds ckgj Hkstus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA
ekuo O;kikj ,d laxfBr vijk/k gSA bl vijk/k ls tqM+s yksx ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj jktuhfrKksa ds lkFk lkaB&xkaB
dj ;k muds laj{k.k esa viuk dke djrs gSaA vuqeku gS fd u'khyh nokvksa vkSj gfFk;kjksa ds O;kikj ds ckn] ekuo O;kikj
fo'o dk rhljk lcls cM+k voS/k O;kikj gSA
blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd la;qDr jk"Vª cky vf/kdkj le>kSrs esa nh
xbZ ^cPpksa* dh ifjHkk"kk ds vuqlkj 18 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds O;fDr
¼;kuh cPps½ dkQ+h ukt+qd rFkk laosnu'khy fLFkfr esa gksrs gSa vkSj
mUgsa vklkuh ls 'kks"k.k o O;kikj dk f'kdkj cuk;k tk ldrk
gSA blesa Hkh dksbZ nks jk; ugha fd cky&O;kikj ij fo'ks"k /;ku
nsus dh t+:jr gS blls ihfM+r cPpksa ds fy, o;Ldksa ls dqN
fHkUu rFkk fo'ks"k d+kuwu] uhfr;k¡ ,oa iquokZl dk n`f"Vdks.k gksuk
egRoiw.kZ rFkk vfuok;Z gSA
çFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ¼,Q-vkbZ-vkj-½ ntZ djkus ds ckn vijk/kh
vkSj ihfM+r] nksuksa dks ,d gh okgu esa ys tk;k tkrk gSA mPpre U;k;ky; o mPp U;k;ky; ds Li"V vkns'kksa ds ckotwn
dsl dh lquokbZ Þbu dSejkß ¼dSejs ds lkeus½ ugha gksrhA dk;ns ls vijk/kh vkSj ihfM+r ds chp inkZ ;k vksV gksuh pkfg,
;k fQj fofM;ks dkUÝSaflax dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,] ijarq bu fu;eksa dk Hkh çk;% ikyu ugh gksrkA ;k rks eftLVªsV ds
ikl bu ckrksa dh tkudkjh gh ugha gksrh ;k fQj vnkyrksa ds ikl t+:jh cqfu;knh <kapk ;k lk/ku ugha gksrsA
Je vk;qDrksa ds fy, Hkh Nkis ekjuk vkSj cPpksa dks cjken djuk T+;knk egRoiw.kZ gSA cpk fy, x, cPpksa dks fdl rjg
dh ns[kHkky ;k lqj{kk çnku dh tk,] bl ij os Hkh T+;knk /;ku ugha nsrsA ;g joS;k fnYyh esa t+jh&dkj[kkuksa ls cpk,
x, cPpksa ds ekeys esa vdlj ns[kk x;k gSA vkt ds lcls rkd+roj lapkj ek/;e ;kuh bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds fy,
Hkh 'kks"k.k ds f'kdkj cPpksa ds psgjs fn[kkuk t+:jh gS u fd dsl dh tkudkjh nsuk] ;k mldh ckjhfd;ksa ij /;ku nsukA
mudk dke rks cl dgkuh dks luluh[kst+ cukdj is'k djuk gS rkfd os vijk/k ds LFkku dks fQYe ldsaA
tc Hkh ge ekuo O;kikj laca/kh rF;ksa vkSj gLr{ksiksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u ,oa fo'ys"k.k djrs gSa rks ;g ckr lkQ
fn[kk;h nsrh gS fd mlesa cky O;kikj ij lcls de /;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA cPpksa ds f[k+ykQ+ gksus okys vijk/kksa ds fy,
lt+k fnykuk Hkh dksbZ vklku dke ugha gSA bldh lcls cM+h otg rks ;gh gS fd gekjs ns'k esa cky O;kikj dh dksbZ
Li"V vkSj eqdEey d+kuwuh ifjHkk"kk ugha gSA nwljh vksj] d+kuwu dks ykxw djus okyh ,tsafl;ka] U;k;ifydk vkSj ehfM;k ds
yksx Hkh tc cky&O;kikj ds ekeyksa dks mBkrs gSa rks muds Hkhrj laosnu'khyrk dh iw.kZr;k deh ut+j vkrh gSA
cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ls lacaf/kr d+kuwuksa vkSj oS/kkfud dkjZokbZ ls lacaf/kr d+kuwuh tkx:drk ds vHkko esa u rks
yksx d+kuwu dks ÁHkko'kkyh <ax ls ykxw djus dh ekax dj ikrs gSa vkSj u gh cPpksa dh enn ds fy, dh xbZ dksf'k'ksa
lQy gks ikrh gSaA
cPpksa dk O;kikj blfy, gksrk gS
D;ksafd mudh ekax gS vkSj mudh
vkiwfrZ djuk cgqr vklku gSA os
lcls T+;knk det+ksj fLFkfr esa
gksrs gSaA mUgsa cgyk&Qqlykdj]
t+ksj&t+cnZLrh djds ;k vU;
vuSfrd rjhdksa ls [k+jhnk vkSj cspk
tk ldrk gSA

vi
,d ,slh nqfu;k tks cPpksa ds fy, mi;qDr gS--- dc] dgka vkSj dSls ;g ge lHkh ds fy, ,d cgqr cM+h pqukSrh gSA
ysfdu vxj bl dfBu ifjfLFkfr esa dksbZ lpeqp cPpksa dh enn djus dh Bku ysrk gS] rks mlds fy, lacaf/kr d+kuwuksa
dh tkudkjh cgqr t:jh gSA cky&O;kikj dks jksduk rFkk cky lqj{kk ,oa iquZLFkkiuk laca/kh fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks LFkkfir
d+kuwu] uhfr;ksa ,oa ekxZnf'kZdk ds vuqlkj gh gksuk pkfg,A jk"Vªh; vkSj varjk"Vªh; laLFkkuksa us ekuo O;kikj ds ckjs esa dbZ
eSU;qvy rS;kj fd, x, gSaA ysfdu ,sls nLrkost+ksa dk dsUnzfcanq os efgyk,¡ vkSj yM+fd;k¡ gSa tks nsg O;kikj dh f'kdkj gSa
;kuh ftudk O;kolkf;d ;kSu 'kks"k.k gksrk gSA ekuo O;kikj ds ckjs esa dqN lkexzh ;wfulsQ rFkk efgyk ,oa cky fodkl
ea=ky; }kjk lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj esfMdy vQljksa dh Vªsfuax dks /;ku esa j[kdj Hkh rS;kj dh xbZ gSA
bl iqfLrdk dks cky&O;kikj ds eqÌs ij dke djus okyksa dh Hkwfedk o dk;Z&Á.kkyh dks l{ke cukus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k
x;k gSA blesa cky O;kikj laca/kh d+kuwuksa o d+kuwuh dkjZokb;ksa dh le> fodflr djus ij Hkh /;ku fn;k x;k gSA lkFk
gh cky&O;kikj ls ihfM+r cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk ij jks'kuh Mkyus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k gS] fo'ks"k :i ls os
vf/kdkj tks ns'k ds d+kuwu vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; ekxZnf'kZdk }kjk lqfuf'pr fd, x, gSaA
bldh 'kq:vkr ^gd+% lsaVj QkWj pkbYM jkbV+l* }kjk ml le; dh xbZ Fkh tc og dSEisu vxsaLV pkbYM VSfQ+fdax
¼lh-,-lh-Vh-½ dk uS'kuy lsØsVsfj,V FkkA ;g varjkZ"Vªh; dSEisu vxsaLV pkbYM VªSfQ+fdax ¼vkbZ-lh-,-lh-Vh-½ ds varxZr]
ch-,e-t+sM rFkk Vsjs Msl gksEl ¼teZuh½ dh enn ls lh-,-lh-Vh- }kjk 2005&06 esa rS;kj dh xbZ Vsªfuax J`a[kyk dk ,d
fgLlk gSA ml le; nks vyx&vyx iqfLrdk,¡ cukus dk fopkj Fkk & ,d jk"Vªh; d+kuwuksa ij vkSj nwljh varjkZ"Vªh;
ekxZnf'kZdkvksa ijA fdUrq vafre :i esa bl iqfLrdk esa nksuksa dks t+:jr ds vuqlkj 'kkfey dj fy;k x;k gS ftlls
bl eqÌs ij iw.kZ le> cu ldsA iqfLrdk ds dbZ çk:iksa ds ijh{k.k ds ckn gh bls vafre o orZeku :i fn;k x;kA
blesa lcls igyk ;ksxnku eqacbZ fLFkr cky vf/kdkjksa ij dk;Zjr ,MoksdsV ekg:[k+ vnsuokyk dk jgkA iqfLrdk ls
lacaf/kr 'kks/k dk;Z lqJh fotsrk flag }kjk fd;k x;k] tks ml le; gd+ esa çksxzke v¶lj ds :i esa lh-,-lh-Vh- dk
dk;ZHkkj ns[k jgh FkhaA 'kks/k ls gkfly tkudkjh dks le;≤ ij viMsV fd;k x;k D;ksafd bl chp dkuwuh çfØ;k
esa dkQ+h Qsj&cny gqvkA iqfLrdk ds nkSjku d+kuwuh ;ksxnku o lq>koksa ds fy, ge ufUnuh jkepUnzu ds vkHkkjh gSaA
;g iqfLrdk nks o"kZ ds v/;;u dk urhtk gSA
iqfLrdk ds fofHkUu çk:iksa dks dbZ çf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkykvksa esa bLrseky fd;k x;k vkSj lHkh lgHkkfx;ksa }kjk ljkgk x;kA
iqfLrdk dk ,d çk:i lh-vkj-vkbZ-,u- ¼fØu½ dh osclkbV ij Hkh miyC/k gSA gesa vk'kk gS fd vki bldh mi;ksfxrk ij
viuh çfrfØ;k vkSj fopkj gesa t+:j fy[k HkstsaxsA
Hkkjrh vyh buk{kh xkaxqyh Bqdjky

1
Hkkx 1
cky O;kikj
lksp vkSj le> 2&9
Hkkx 2
cky O;kikj ds Lo:i vkSj mÌs';
ek/;e vkSj Lo:i esa vUrj 10&15
Hkkx 3
cky O;kikj ds ekeyksa esa gLr{ksi
ewy vk/kkj 16&23
Hkkx 4
d+kuwuh gLr{ksi ls iwoZ
ukxfjd@lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ@,uthvks dh Hkwfedk
tkap&iM+rky vkSj cpko dk;Z ds fy, vko';d lwpuk 24&29
Hkkx 5
cky O;kikj ij d+kuwuh dkjZokbZ
çfØ;k laca/kh dkuwu 30&43
Hkkx 6
d+kuwuh çko/kku vkSj mudk ln~mi;ksx
dsl ntZ djokus ds fy, dqN tkudkjh ,oa lq>ko 44&57
Hkkx 7
ihfM+rksa dh lgk;rk ,oa lqj{kk
ekuokf/kdkj n`f"Vdks.k dk ç;ksx 58&67
fo"k; lwph

3
balkuksa dh [+kjhn&Q+jks[+r dksbZ ubZ ?kVuk ugha gSA balkuksa &
vkSjrksa] cPpksa vkSj enks± & dks dS+n djds ;k [+kjhn dj ;k
fdlh vkSj rjg lfn;ksa ls ckt+kjksa esa cspk tkrk jgk gSA ysfdu
fiNys ,d n'kd esa ekuo O;kikj bruk T+;knk c<+ x;k gS
fd vc ;g nqfu;k ds lcls rst+h ls QSyrs vkSj 'kk;n lcls
vkd"kZd vkijkfèkd O;olk;ksa esa rCnhy gks pqdk gSA
yksxksa dk O;kikj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij vkSj jk"Vªh; lhekvksa ds
Hkhrj] nksuksa iSekuksa ij pyrk gSA mUgsa ,d jkT; ls nwljs jkT;
esa vkSj ,d ft+ys ls nwljs ft+ys esa Hkh cspk tkrk gSA ysfdu
ekuo O;kikj rFkk lacafèkr igyqvksa ls tqM+s vkadM+ksa esa Hkkjh
Q+dZ+ gSA
la;qDr jk"Vª dk vuqeku gS fd gj lky nqfu;k Hkj esa 10 ls
40 yk[k rd yksx [+kjhns vkSj csps tkrs gSaA1
vkSjrksa vkSj cPpksa
ds O;kikj esa lkykuk 10 vjc MkWyj bèkj ls mèkj gks tkrs gSaA2
bu vkadM+ksa esa ,sls ihfM+r 'kkfey ugha gSa ftudks ns'k dh lhek
ds Hkhrj gh csp fn;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjr esa
 Hkkjr esa cky et+nwjksa dh la[;k 12-6 djksM+ ¼Hkkjr ljdkj½ ls 10 djksM+ ¼xSj ljdkjh óksr½ ds chp gSA
 gj lky 44]000 ls Hkh T;knk cPpksa ds x+k;c gksus dh fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h tkrh gS ftuesa ls yxHkx 11]000 gh cjken
gks ikrs gSaA3
 ,d eksVk&eksVh vankt+s ds eqrkfcd gj jkst+ yxHkx 200 yM+fd;ka o vkSjrsa os';ko`fÙk dh nqfu;k esa nkf[+ky gks jgh gSaA
muesa ls 20 Q+hlnh dh mez 15 lky ls Hkh de gksrh gSA
buesa ls T+;knkrj cPps csp fn, tkrs gSa!
1 www.globalfundfor women.org
2 dkWEcsfVax pkbYM VªSfQ+fdax] lkalnksa ds fy, gSaMcqd la[;k 9] ;wfulsQ ,oa vkbZih;w] 2005- www.unicef.org/protection/ files/child_trafficking_handbook.
pdf
3 jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx }kjk xfBr xqe'kqnk cPpksa ij ,d lfefr dh fjiksVZA çLrqrdrkZ% ih-lh- 'kekZ] lnL;] jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx ,oa lfefr v/;{k] .www.nhrc.in
ehuw dh mez 18 lky gSA mls 13
lky dh NksVh lh mez esa gh nf{k.k
24 ijxuk ls ykdj fnYyh ds ,d
pdyk?kj esa csp fn;k x;k FkkA og
fdlh tku&igpku okys ds t+fj,
;gka yk;h xbZ FkhA 'kq: esa og ;gh
lksprh Fkh fd mls ftl ßukSdjhÞ ds
fy, ;gka yk;k Fkk og ;gh ukSdjh
gSA dqN blh rjg cgfy;k] usiky
dh jgus okyh ehrk xq#ax lÅnh
vjc tk igqaph tgka og jkst+ 15
?kaVs xqykeksa dh rjg ?kjsyw ukSdjh
djrh Fkh vkSj gj jkst+ mldh vka[kksa
esa maxfy;ka ?kqlsM+h tkrh FkhaA
oklqnso 'ksQkyh] ^xYlZ Q+kWj lsy*] bafM;k VqMs] 13 vDrwcj 2003-
cky O;kikj
lksp vkSj le>

4
ekuo O;kikj D;k gS
gky gh rd] ;kuh lky 2000 rd ekuo O;kikj dh varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij LohÑr dksbZ ,d ifjHkk"kk ugha FkhA fofHkUu varjkZ"Vªh;
le>kSrksa esa mldks vyx&vyx <ax ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk Fkk ¼ns[ksa ifjf'k"V 1½A
lky 2000 esa ;qukbVsM us'kal izksVksdkWy Vw fizosaV] lizsl ,s.M ifu'k VªsfQ+fdax bu ilZUl] ,Lisf'k;yh ohesu ,s.M fpYMªsu ¼ikysjeks
izksVksdkWy½ dks ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA blds t+fj, ekuo O;kikj dks igyh ckj ,d laxfBr vijkèk rFkk ekuork ds fo#) vijkèk ds
:i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;kA
blesa ekuo O;kikj dks bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k Fkk %
ß'kks"k.k ds mís'; ls èkedh ;k cy&iz;ksx ;k fdlh vkSj rjg dh t+ksj&t+cnZLrh] vigj.k] tkylkt+h] èkks[kkèkM+h] lÙkk ds nq#i;ksx
;k fdlh dh ladVxzLr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds nq#i;ksx ;k iSls vFkok vU; ykHk ds t+fj, fdlh vkSj O;fDr ij fu;a=.k j[kus okys O;fDr
dh lgefr gkfly djds euq";ksa dh HkrhZ] ;krk;kr] LFkkukarj.k] mUgsa fNikus ;k mudh izkfIrA
'kks"k.k dk eryc gS U;wure Lrj ij] fdlh dks os';ko`fÙk esa èkdsyus ;k vU; izdkj ds ;kSu 'kks"k.k] tcfj;k Je ;k lsokvksa]
X+kqykeh ;k mlls feyrs&tqyrs O;ogkjksa dk f'kdkj cukus] ;k vax fudky ysus ls gksxkA
lgefr dks cPpksa ds ekeys esa csekuh ekuk tkrk gSA vxj mijksDr esa ls dksbZ Hkh rjhdk bLrseky fd;k x;k gS rks o;Ldksa ds
ekeys esa Hkh lgefr vizklafxd gks tkrh gSAÞ
vxj ihfM+r us lgefr nh gks rks D;k cPps lgefr ns ldrs gSa
cgqr lkjs ihfM+r ,Q+vkbZvkj ds 'kq#vkrh pj.k esa viuh jt+keanh ns nsrs gSa D;ksafd mUgsa lgh tkudkjh ugha nh tkrh gS ;k
>wB cksydj mudk fo'okl thr fy;k tkrk gSA
ysfdu ekuo O;kikj ds vijkfèk;ksa ds f[+kykQ+ pyus okys eqdnes dbZ ckj lgh urhts ij ugha igqap ikrs D;ksafd lgefr ds
okLrfod Lo:i dks lkfcr djus ds fy, t+:jh lk{; gkfly djuk cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA nwljh vksj] cgqr lkjs ns'kksa dh
laoSèkkfud rFkk vU; ekuokfèkdkj lqj{kkvksa esa Hkh bl ckr dk izkoèkku gksrk gS fd ftu ij ekuo O;kikj dk vkjksi yxk;k
tk jgk gS os vius cpko esa lgefr dh laHkkouk is'k djus esa l{ke gksaA blhfy, izksVksdkWy esa dgk x;k gS fd vxj
ifjHkk"kk esa mfYyf[kr fdlh Hkh vuqfpr lkèku ¼tSls t+cnZLrh] tkylkt+h] èkks[kkèkM+h½ dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gS rks ckn esa
gksus okys 'kks"k.k dh n`f"V ls fdlh Hkh rjg dh lgefr vizklafxd ekuh tk,xhA
18 lky ls de mez ds cPps oSèk lgefr ugha ns ldrsA blfy,] 'kks"k.k ds edln ls cPpksa dks HkrhZ] ifjofgr LFkkukarfjr
djus] j[kus ;k izkIr djus dks Hkh cky O;kikj dh Js.kh esa j[kk tk,xk pkgs mlds fy, dksbZ Hkh jkLrk D;ksa u viuk;k
x;k gksA
¼óksr % la;qDr jk"Vª eknd inkFkZ ,oa vijkèk dk;kZy; ¼;w,uvksMhlh½] 17 vxLr 2005 | http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/trafficking_victim_consents.html
tc vkidks dgha ekuo O;kikj dh vk'kadk fn[kkbZ ns rks bu rhu igyqvksa ij lathnxh ls è;ku nhft, %
fØ;k O;fDr;ksa dh HkrhZ] ifjogu] LFkkukarj.k] fNikuk] gkfly djuk ;k izkfIr
lkèku èkedh] cy&iz;ksx] t+cnZLrh] vxok djuk] tkylkt+h] èkks[kkèkM+h] ekuo O;kikfj;ksa }kjk viuh lÙkk dk nq#i;ksx] ihfM+r
dh detksj fLFkfr dk Q+k;nk mBkuk] Hkqxrku ;k ykHk nsuk ;k ysuk] ;k dksbZ vkSj Q+k;nk
mís'; 'kks"k.k] ftlesa fdlh dks os';ko`fÙk esa èkdsyuk ;k vU; izdkj ds ;kSu 'kks"k.k] tcfj;k Je ;k lsokvksa] X+kqykeh ;k mlls
feyrs&tqyrs O;ogkjksa dk f'kdkj cukuk] ;k vax fudky ysuk 'kkfey gSA tc gesa fdlh ekeys esa ;s rhuksa rRo fn[kkbZ
nsrs gSa rks ml ekeys dks Li"V :i ls ^VªsfQ+fdax* dk ekeyk ekuk tk ldrk gSA

5
cky O;kikj D;k gS
;fn ikysjeks izksVksdkWy esa nh xbZ ekuo O;kikj dh ifjHkk"kk esa la;qDr jk"Vª cky vfèkdkj le>kSrs ¼;w,ulhvkjlh½ ds varxZr nh xbZ
^cPps* dh ifjHkk"kk dks dsanz esa j[kdj la'kksèku dj fy;k tk, rks og cky O;kikj dh ifjHkk"kk cu tkrh gSA
;fn bl ifjHkk"kk esa varjkZ"Vªh; vkSj jk"Vªh;] nksuksa Lrj ij pyus okys laxfBr vijkèk dks lekfgr dj fy;k tk, rks ;g ifjHkk"kk
vkSj lekos'kh cu tkrh gSA
cky O;kikj dh ,slh gh ,d lekos'kh ifjHkk"kk gkfly djus ds fy, dqN dksf'k'ksa dh xbZ gSaA elyu %
lh,lhVh dh ifjHkk"kk4
ß18 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds O;fDr dks d+kuwuh ;k xSj&d+kuwuh rjhd+s ls ns'k ds vanj ;k lhek ikj] èkedkdj ;k t+ksj t+cnZLrh ;k
vU; ncko ls@vxok djds@Ny diV ;k èkks[kk ;k Qjsc ls@>wB cksydj ;k cgyk Qqlyk dj@vius cy ;k {kerk dk
iz;ksx djds ;k ml O;fDr dh detksjh vkSj laosnu'khyrk dk Q+k;nk mBkdj@udn jkf'k ds vknku&iznku ds tfj, ;k vU;
fdlh ykHk ds izyksHku ds }kjk mldh lgefr ysdj mls izkIr djuk] HkrhZ djuk] ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tkuk] varfjr
djuk ;k ,d txg jksd dj j[kuk] mldk 'kks"k.k djus ds bjkns ls ;k fQj ;g tkurs gq, fd ;g lc mlds 'kks"k.k dk
dkj.k cu ldrk gS ;k bl rjg mlds 'kks"k.k dh iwjh laHkkouk gSAÞ
lso fn fpYMªu vyk;al dh dk;kZRed ifjHkk"kk5
ßfdlh O;fDr dks tcfj;k ukSdjh ¼?kjsyw] ;kSu ;k iztuu lacaèkh½ esa j[kus] tcfj;k ;k caèkqvk et+nwjh djkus] X+kqykeh tSlh voLFkk
esa j[kus ;k QthZ rkSj ij xksn ysus ds fy, jk"Vªh; lhekvksa ds Hkhrj ;k vkj&ikj cPpksa ¼la;qDr jk"Vª cky vfèkdkj le>kSrs
vkSj@;k lacafèkr ns'k ds jk"Vªh; d+kuwuksa esa nh xbZ ifjHkk"kk ds vuqlkj½ lfgr fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh HkrhZ] ;krk;kr] LFkkukarj.k]
fNikus ;k izkfIr ds fy, tkylkt+h] t+ksj&t+cnZLrh ¼cy iz;ksx ;k cy iz;ksx dh èkedh ;k viuh lÙkk ds nq#i;ksx lfgr½] ;k
dt+Z caèkqvk etwnjh ftlesa iSls dk ysu&nsu gqvk gks ;k u gqvk gksAÞ
'kCnksa dh O;k[;k
1- HkrhZ & cPps dks ldZl] fonzksgh VqdM+h] ÅaV nkSM+ ;k fdlh Hkh ,sls dke ds fy, HkrhZ fd;k tk ldrk gS tks d+kuwuh ;k
xSjd+kuwuh gks ldrk gSA
;g HkrhZ fuEufyf[kr ds ekè;e ls gks ldrh gS &
 O;fDrxr laidZ
 ,tsafl;ka
 foKkiu@baVjusV
 vigj.k@fgalk dh èkedh ;k t+cnZLrh ds vU; :i tSls dtZ caèkqvk ;k èkks[ks ls lgefr ys ysuk ftlesa vPNh ukSdjh
dk Hkjkslk fn;k tk jgk gks ;k ,slk vk'k; O;Dr fd;k tk jgk gksA
dbZ ckj HkrhZ dh izfØ;k HkrhZ fd, tk jgs O;fDr dh bPNk ij vkèkkfjr fn[kk;h iM+ ldrh gSA ysfdu cPps ds ekeys esa bPNk
dk loky gh iSnk ugha gksrk D;ksafd cPpksa dh HkrhZ vdlj muds eka&cki }kjk vius vfèkdkjksa ds nq#i;ksx ;k fdlh vkSj rjg dh
èkks[kkèkM+h ds pyrs gksrh gSA
bl rjg dh ifjfLFkfr esa vfèkdkjksa dk nq#i;ksx ,d egRoiw.kZ igyw gSA felky ds rkSj ij] tc eka&cki vius cPps dks dke
ij Hkstus dk QSalyk djrs gSa rks cPps dh ctk; eka&cki ds vfèkdkj gh egRoiw.kZ gks tkrs gSaA ;g lÙkk ml le; Hkh cgqr
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gS tc cPps ij vfèkdkj j[kus okyk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr VªSfQ+fdax ds fy, cPps dh HkrhZ ij lgefr nsrk gS
;k bl izfØ;k esa [+kqn 'kkfey gksrk gSA
4 cky O;kikj fojks/kh vfHk;ku ¼lh,lhVh½] varjkZ"Vªh; cky O;kikj fojks/kh vfHk;ku ¼vkbZlh,lhVh½ dk fgLlk gS ftls ftusok fLFkr varjkZ"Vªh; Vsjs Msl gksEl ¼VhMh,p½ QsMjs'ku }kjk 'kq:
fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj mldk leUo; VhMh,p ¼teZuh½ ds }kjk fd;k x;kA Hkkjr esa] lh,lhVh us cky O;kikj ij viuh dk;Zdkjh ifjHkk"kk fodflr djus d fy, twu 2001 esa ikysjeks
çksVksdkWy dh ifjHkk"kk esa dqN la'kks/ku fd, FksA
5 Vªsfuax eSU;qvy Q+kWj dkWEcsfVax VªSfQ+fdax bu ohesu ,s.M fpYMªsu] www.un.or.th/TraffickingProject/trafficking_manual.pdf

6
LFkku% yksxksa dks flusek gkWy] cl LVkWi] jsyos LVs'ku] gokbZ vìs] lM+dksa vkSj muds ?kjksa vkfn fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij HkrhZ
fd;k tkrk gSA blds vykok dSQ+s] jsLrjk¡] lkSan;Z izfr;ksfxrk,¡] elkt ikyZj rFkk C;wVh ikyZlZ ds t+fj, Hkh ;g dke pyrk
gSA izkarh; vkSj jk"Vªh; gkbos] [knku vkSj fuekZ.k dk;ZLFky rFkk ,sls lHkh LFkkuksa ij ekuo O;kikj dh vk'kadk jgrh gS tgka
foLFkkfir yksx fcuk iquokZl ds jgrs gSaA
le;% dqN vè;;uksa ls irk pyrk gS fd cky O;kikj ds vijkèk esa fyIr yksx cPpksa dh HkrhZ ds fy, dqN [+kkl le;
r; djrs gSaA os eqf'dy oDr dk Q+k;nk mBkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA os ;k rks dVkbZ ds lht+u ls igys ;k lw[ks ds nkSjku
viuk nk¡o [ksyrs gSa tc cgqr lkjs LFkkuh; yksx jkst+h&jksVh ds fy, ;gka&ogka gkFk ekj jgs gksrs gSa ¼,pvkjMCY;w 1995½A
ekuo O;kikjh bl ckr dk Hkh irk j[krs gSa fd dkSu ls bykds xgu xjhch ls tw> jgs gSa ;k dgka&dgka ok;qeaMyh;] vkfFkZd
vFkok jktuhfrd ladV iSnk gks jgs gSa ¼tkWULVu ,oa [+kku 1998 % 53( vkbZ,l,l 2003,½A os R;kSgkjksa ds le; Hkh cPpksa dks
HkrhZ djrs gSa ¼vkbZ,l,l 2003, ,oa 2003lh½A
óksr % ,u,pvkjlh] ;wfuQs+e] vkbZ,l,l] fjiksVZ vkWu VªSfQ+fdax bu oheSu ,s.M fpYMªu bu bafM;k] 2002&2003
2- ifjogu & fdlh cPps dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tkus dh izfØ;k dks ,slh fLFkfr esa cky O;kikj dh Js.kh esa
j[kk tkrk gS tc ;g dke cy&iz;ksx ls fd;k x;k gks] tSls vigj.k ds ekeys esa ;k tc cPpk fdlh Hk; ds pyrs
;k=k dj jgk gks ;k mldh lgefr èkks[ks ls gkfly dh xbZ gksA ,tsaV vkSj nyky cPps dh vkt+knh Nhudj vkSj ?kj
ykSVus dh laHkkouk [+kRe djds mldh vkoktkgh Hkh [+kRe dj ldrs gSaA ifjogu ds nkSjku ;k mlds ckn cPps dk
;kSu mRihM+u ;k cykRdkj Hkh gks ldrk gSA ns'k ds Hkhrj cPpksa dh VªSfQ+fdax ds fy, cl] uko] jsyxkM+h] Vªd] VSEiks
vkfn ifjogu lkèkuksa dk bLrseky T+;knk fd;k tkrk gSA cgqr lkjs cPpksa dks iSny gh ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys
tk;k tkrk gSA varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij gksus okys cky O;kikj esa VªSfQ+fdax vkSj rLdjh ds nkSjku mUgsa ok;q vFkok leqnzh
ekxZ ls nwljs ns'k esa ys tk;k tkrk gSA usiky vkSj caxykns'k ls Hkkjr vkus okys cPpksa dks ok;q ;k leqnzh ekxZ ls ykus
dh t+:jr ugha gksrhA bl {ks= esa gksus okyh varjkZ"Vªh; VªSfQ+fdax esa lM+d] jsy vkSj tyekxZ T+;knk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
vnk djrs gSaA ;g ifjogu d+kuwuu ;k xSjd+kuwuh ;kuh Qt+hZ nLrkost+ksa ds t+fj, Hkh gks ldrk gSA
3- LFkkukarj.k & dbZ ckj VªSfQ+fdax ds f'kdkj O;fDr;ksa dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tk;k tkrk gS] mUgsa ckj&ckj
fcpkSfy;ksa ;k nykyksa ds ikl cspk tkrk gS vkSj dkQ+h le; ckn os viuh vafre eaft+y rd igqaprs gSaA VªSfQ+fdax ds
gkykr esa cPpksa dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg xksiuh; :i ls] cPps dh tkudkjh ds cxSj ;k tcju] èkedk dj rFkk
fgalk o nq#i;ksx ds vU; lkèkuksa ds t+fj, ys tk;k tk ldrk gSA
4- fNikuk & VªSfQ+fdax ds lanHkZ esa bldk vk'k; fdlh dks dS+n esa j[kus ls gksrk gSA
5- det+ksj fLFkfr dk Q+k;nk mBkuk & t+:jh ugha gS fd VªSfQ+fdax ds fy, cy iz;ksx gh fd;k tk,A
VªSfQ+fdax dh ifjHkk"kk esa bl ckr dks fpfUgr fd;k x;k gS fd [+kjhns&csps x, cgqr lkjs yksxksa dks mudk dksbZ
?kfu"B lacaèkh gh crkrk gS fd mUgsa D;k djuk gSA mUgsa eka&cki] ifr vFkok iRuh ;k leqnk; ds eqf[k;k vkfn
fdlh ,sls O;fDr }kjk xqejkg fd;k tk ldrk gS ftl ij os fo'okl j[krs gSaA ,sls gkykr esa yksxksa ds ikl
lkaLÑfrd :i ls Lohdk;Z ;k ,sls d+kuwuh lkèku ugha gksrs ftuds lgkjs os ,slh lykg ;k vkns'kksa dks [kkfjt dj
ldsaA QyLo:i os gkykr ds lkeus ßleiZ.kÞ dj nsrs gSaA ysfdu blds ckotwn os VªSfQ+fdax ds f'kdkj ekus tk,axsA
6- izksD;ksjesaV & fdlh cPps dks [+kjhnus vkSj cspus ;k vigj.k] èkedh] cy&iz;ksx vFkok t+ksj&t+cnZLrh ds fdlh vU;
:i] èkks[kkèkM+h ;k tkylkt+h ds ekè;e ls 'kks"k.k ds fy, vius dCt+s esa ysukA
7- fgr&lkèku & dk eryc gS cPps ds cnys esa feyus okyk Q+k;nk ¼iSls ;k fdlh vkSj :i esa½A
xkSj djus yk;d ckrsa %
gj rjg dh VªSfQ+fdax 'kks"k.k dk gh ,d :i gksrh gS ysfdu gj rjg dk
'kks"k.k dsoy VªSfQ+fdax dk ifj.kke ugha gksrkA
felky ds rkSj ij ;kSu 'kks"k.k] dtZ caèkqvk et+nwjh ;k vU; izdkj dh caèkqvk et+nwjh] tcfj;k et+nwjh] nklrk] ÅaV
nkSM+] Hkh[k eaxokus] eknd inkFkks± dks eaxkus&fHktokus] xSjd+kuwuh :i ls xksn ysus vkfn fofHkUu izdkj ds 'kks"k.k ds fy,
VªSfQ+fdax gks ldrh gSA
nwljh rjQ] cPpksa dk vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k ges'kk dsoy VªSfQ+fdax dk ifj.kke ugha gksrkA

7
VªSfQ+fdax vkSj vkizoklu ;k
rLdjh ds chp Q+dZ gksrk gSA
gkykafd bu 'kCnksa dks vdlj
,d&nwljs dh txg bLrseky
fd;k tkrk gS ysfdu ,slk
djuk x+yr gSA
vkizoklu dk eryc vkerkSj ij vius
fuokl LFkku dks NksM+dj fdlh nwljh txg
tkus ls gksrk gSA ;g vkoktkgh ,d ft+ys
ls nwljs ft+ys ;k ,d jkT; ls nwljs jkT;
;k ,d ns'k ls fdlh nwljs ns'k esa gks ldrh
gSA ;g vkoktkgh ekSleh vkSj QyLo:i
rkRdkfyd Hkh gks ldrh gS rFkk LFkk;h HkhA
tc yksx vius ns'k ls nwljs ns'k esa tkrs gSa
rks ;g izfØ;k d+kuwuh Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj
xSjd+kuwuh HkhA d+kuwuh vizokfl;ksa ds ikl
t+:jh nLrkost+ vkSj dkxt+kr jgrs gSa tcfd
xSjd+kuwuh vkizoklh pksjh&fNis] ikliksVZ oht+k
vkfn d+kuwuh nLrkost+ksa ds fcuk ;k Qt+hZ
nLrkost+ksa ds lgkjs lhek ikj djrs gSaA
vkizoklu dh izfØ;k esa iSnk gksus okyh
#dkoVksa ds dkj.k Hkh yksxksa dks vkizoklu ds
nwljs jkLrs <wa<us iM+rs gSa tks xSjd+kuwuh gksrs
gSaA ekuo rLdjh Hkh vkizoklu dk gh ,d
xSjd+kuwuh rjhdk gSA bls vkizoklu
rLdjh ;k vkizokfl;ksa dh rLdjh ¼ekbxzsaV
Lexfyax½ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA rLdjh dks
oLrqvksa@yksxksa ds lhek&ikj xSjd+kuwuh vk;kr
;k fu;kZr ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA
;g fØ;k pksjh&fNis] lhek 'kqYd pqdk, fcuk
;k fdlh d+kuwu dk mYya?ku djrs gq,] mfpr
d+kuwuh nLrkost+ksa ds fcuk ;k Qt+hZ nLrkost+ksa
ds lgkjs pyrh gSA bl izfØ;k esa xSjd+kuwuh
<ax ls lhek ikj djkus ds fy, vke rkSj
ij lacafèkr O;fDr ls iSls fy, tkrs gSaA ;gka
rLdjh djus okyk vkSj ftldh rLdjh dh
tk jgh gS] nksuksa ds chp ,d vkilh le>nkjh
gksrh gS vkSj nksuksa i{k ,d&nwljs ds fgrksa ij
lger gksrs gSaA blhfy, ekuo rLdjh esa t+ksj&t+cnZLrh ;k èkks[kkèkM+h dh t+:jr ugha gksrhA
VªSfQ+fdax dk vk'k; cy iz;ksx ;k èkedh] tkylkt+h ;k èkks[kkèkM+h ds t+fj, fdlh O;fDr dk 'kks"k.k djus ds fy, mls
,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tkus ls gksrk gSA bl izfØ;k esa ml O;fDr@O;fDr;ksa dks lcls T+;knk Q+k;nk gksrk gS tks
bl izfØ;k dks lapkfyr djrs gSaA ysfdu] cPpksa ds ekeys esa ,slh lgefr dk dksbZ eryc ugha gksrkA tgka rd o;Ldksa
dh ckr gS] muds ekeys esa Hkh Åijh rkSj ij tks lgefr fn[kkbZ nsrh gS og vdlj èkks[kkèkM+h ;k Qqlykos dk urhtk
gksrh gS blfy, mls lpsr lgefr dh Js.kh esa ugha j[kk tk ldrk vkSj QyLo:i mls p;u ds vfèkdkj dk ifj.kke Hkh
ugha ekuk tk ldrkA
O;kogkfjd n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks rLdjh ds t+fj, ckgj Hksts x, vkizokfl;ksa ds eqdkcys VªSfQ+fdax ds f'kdkj O;fDr T+;knk
xaHkhj :i ls izHkkfor gksrs gSaA ,sls yksxksa dks nksckjk ladV esa Qalus rFkk vU; izdkj ds nqjkpkj ls cpkus dh T+;knk
t+:jr gksrh gSA
ekuo rLdjh vkSj ekuo O;kikj ds chp
rhu cqfu;knh Q+dZ
lgefr
xzkgdksa@vkizokfl;ksa dh rLdjh esa xzkgd@vkizoklh rLdjh ds
fy, lgefr ns pqds gksrs gSaA nwljh rjQ] ekuo O;kikj ds f'kdkj
O;fDr us ;k rks dHkh Hkh lgefr ugha nh gksrh gS
;k
vxj mUgksaus 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa lgefr nh Hkh Fkh rks og lgefr
VªSfQ+fdax djus okys vijkfèk;ksa }kjk dh tkus okyh t+ksj&t+cnZLrh]
èkks[kkèkM+h ;k nqjkpkjksa ds dkj.k fujFkZd gks tkrh gSA
'kks"k.k
tSls gh xzkgd@vkizoklh viuh eaft+y ij igqap tkrs gSa] rLdjh
dh izfØ;k lekIr gks tkrh gSA nwljh rjQ] ekuo O;kikj esa
ihfM+rksa dk yxkrkj 'kks"k.k pyrk gS rkfd vijkfèk;ksa dks fdlh u
fdlh rjg xSjd+kuwuh <ax ls ykHk feyrk jgsA
varjkZ"Vªh;rk
rLdjh ges'kk jk"Vªh; lhekvksa ds vkj&ikj pyrh gS tcfd ekuo
O;kikj ds fy, ,slk t+:jh ugha gSA
ihfM+rksa dks pkgs ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'k esa ys tk;k tk, ;k
mUgsa ns'k ds Hkhrj gh ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tk;k tk,]
VªSfQ+fdax ij bl ckr ls dksbZ Q+dZ ugha iM+rkA
¼óksr % la;qDr jk"Vª eknd inkFkZ ,oa vijkèk dk;kZy; ¼;w,uvksMhlh½] 17 vxLr 2005
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/trafficking_victim_consents.html
ekuo O;kikj ¾ 'kks"k.k
ijarq
lHkh izdkj dk 'kks"k.k ¾ ekuo O;kikj
lHkh izdkj dk vkizoklu ¾ ekuo O;kikj
lHkh izdkj dh rLdjh ¾ ekuo O;kikj

8
rLdjh] ekuo O;kikj vkSj vkizoklu ds chp Q+dZ+
n'kkZus ds fy, ;gka dqN mnkgj.k fn, tk jgs gSaA
mnkgj.k 1
iatkc dk gksf'k;kjiqj ft+yk cPpksa dks Ý+akl Hkstus ds ekeys esa jkT; dk lcls cnuke ft+yk curk tk jgk gSA vPNh
dekbZ vkSj 'kkuks&'kkSdr Hkjh ft+anxh dh pkg yksxksa dks ckgj ys tkus okyk ,d vge dkj.k jgh gSA fiNys lkyksa esa
gksf'k;kjiqj vkSj isfjl ds Vªsoy ,tsaVksa ds chp ,d rkd+roj xBtksM+ cu pqdk gSA bl ft+ys ds dbZ eka&cki Vªsoy ,tsaVksa
ds lkFk ckdk;nk lkSnk djds vius ukckfyx cPpksa dks isfjl fHktok pqds gSaA ;s cPps >wBs ikliksVZ vkSj dkxt+ksa ds lgkjs
ogka tkrs gSaA ,d ckj isfjl igqapus ds ckn Vªsoy ,tsaV muds lkjs dkxt+kr Nhu ysrs gSaA bu dkxt+ksa dk bLrseky vxys
cPps dks ykus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA isfjl esa igqapus ds ckn bu cPpksa dks gokbZ vìs ;k lM+dksa ij cslgkjk NksM+ fn;k
tkrk gSA vxj fdLer vPNh gS rks cPpk xSjd+kuwuh rkSj ij et+nwjh djds isV ikyus yxrk gS vkSj lLrs] vekuoh; nM+cksa
esa ft+anxh clj djus yxrk gSA t+kfgj gS ,sls cPpksa ds lkFk ;kSu nqjkpkj dksbZ cM+h ckr ugha gSA egt+ eqëh Hkj ,sls cPps
gksrs gSa tks ljdkjh lqèkkj x`gksa ;k cky laj{k.k x`gksa rd tk igqaprs gSaA 2&8 yk[k #i, rd vnk djus ds ckn muds ?kj
okys Hkh mUgsa okil ugha cqykuk pkgrsA ysfdu Ý+kal dk d+kuwu cPpksa ds izfr laosnu'khy gS blfy, ogka cPps dh bPNkvksa
dk lEeku fd;k tkrk gSA urhtru] cPps Hkh okil ugha ykSVuk pkgrsA
O;k[;k % blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd vkizoklu euq"; dk ,d vfèkdkj gS vkSj nwljs ns'k esa tkus dh bPNk j[kus okys ;qokvksa
dks ,slk djus ls ugha jksdk tkuk pkfg, ysfdu vxj dksbZ ud+yh nLrkost+ksa ds lgkjs nwljs ns'k esa tkrk gS rks ;g rLdjh
dk ekeyk cu tkrk gS vkSj mls ^vkizokfl;ksa dh rLdjh*6
dh laKk nh tk ldrh gSA6
mnkgj.k 2
dbZ ckj cPpksa vkSj muds ifjokj okyksa dks cgdkus ds fy, Vªsoy ,tsaV ;wjksi esa vPNh ukSdjh ;k csgrj f'k{kk ;k csgrj
thou dk Hkh ykyp nsrs gSaA muds bu >wBs vk'okluksa ds ihNs flQZ+ vius equkQ+s dk mís'; dke djrk gSA mUgsa bl ckr
ls dksbZ eryc ugha gksrk fd ;wjksi esa igqapus ds ckn cPps dk D;k gJ gksxkA gks ldrk gS fd cPps dk 'kks"k.k djds os
iSls ds lkFk&lkFk nwljs Q+k;ns Hkh mBkuk pkgrs gksaA felky ds rkSj ij] os mUgsa ;wjksih; ns'kksa ds xSjd+kuwuh Je ckt+kj esa
>ksad ldrs gSa ;k yacs equkQ+s ds fy, ;kSu 'kks"k.k ij etcwj dj ldrs gSaA dbZ ckj rks Vªsoy ,tsaV cPpksa dks vkèks jkLrs esa
gh NksM+ nsrs gSaA bl rjg ;wjksi tkus okys cgqr lkjs cPpksa dks u'khyh nokb;ka ys tkus ;k voSèk pht+ksa dh rLdjh ds fy,
Hkh bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA
O;k[;k % èkks[kkèkM+h] tkylkt+h] cPpksa dk 'kks"k.k rFkk Vªsoy ,tsaVksa dk equkQ+k] ekuo O;kikj ds ;s lHkh rRo ,sls ekeyksa esa
Li"V :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA blfy, ;s rLdjh dh ?kVuk,a ugha gSa Hkys gh bl ckr dk yk[k nkok fd;k tk, fd cPps]
muds ?kj okys vkSj Vªsoy ,tsaVksa us vkil esa ,d lgefr ds vkèkkj ij ,slk fd;k FkkA ;s lkjh ?kVuk,a lhèks&lhèks cky
O;kikj dh ?kVuk,a gSaA
6 ns[ksa] ;qukbVsM us'kal dUosa'ku vxsaLV VªkaluS'kuy vkWxsZukbT+M Økbe dh iwjd çksVksdkWy & ;qukbVsM us'kal çksVksdkWy vkWu Lexfyax vkWQ ekbxzsV~l ckbZ ySaM] lh ,s.M
,;jA
óksr % ekbd MkWfVªt] Q.MkesaVYl vkWQ áweu VªSfQ+fdax] LVkWi] cky O;kikj fojksèkh varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vkslukczw,d] teZuh esa is'k fd;k
x;k ipkZ] 2&4 uoacj 2004-
O;fDr ,d txg ls
nwljh txg tkus ds
ckjs esa lksp jgk gS
dksbZ {kfr ugha
lqjf{kr vkizoklu
Hkkjh mEehnsa % vPNh
ukSdjh vPNh ft+anxh
fcuk ngst dh 'kknh
Lohdk;Zrk yxko
gSfl;r iSlk
vkizoklu izfØ;k dh
'kq#vkr
fu;fer ;k vfu;fer
uqdlku
'kks"k.kijd@xqykeksa tSls
gkykr
ikjn'khZ] d+kuwuh vkSj
LosPNk vkèkkfjr fØ;k
èkks[kkèkM+h] tkylkt+h]
t+ksj&t+cnZLrh ij
vkèkkfjr izfØ;k
VªSfQ+fdax dk ifj.kke

11
cky O;kikj
ds Lo:i vkSj mís';
ek/;e vkSj Lo:i esa vUrj
lM+dksa ij Hkh[k ekaxrs] gekjs ?kjksa] dkj[kkuksa] nqdkuksa] gksVyksa] [ksrksa vkSj vufxur vU; LFkkuksa ij dke djrs cPps]
LFkkuh; ldZl esa djrc djrs Hkw[ks&I;kls cPps] e/;&iwoZ esa nkSM+rs ÅVksa dh ihB ij cSBs ;k iSjksa rys dqpy tkus okys
cPps] etnwjh ;k os';ko`fÙk ds fy, >wBs fookg ds uke ij Qqlyk yh xbZ vFkok 'kknh ds fy, csp nh xbZ yM+fd;ka]
ihMksQ+hfy;k ds f'kdkj curs cPps] baVjusV ij lsDl VwfjT+e] izkWuksZxzkQ+h] f'k'kqvksa dh [kjhn&Qjks[k] vax O;kikj ----- ;s lkjh
vulquh ;k vutkuh dgkfu;ka ugha gSaA ;s varghu 'kks"k.k vkSj VSªfQ+fdax dh yach vkSj nnZukd nkLrku dh dqN dfM+;ka gSaA
cky O;kikj ds dbZ :i gksrs gSaA cPPks dks cspk tk, ;k vxok fd;k tk, ;k mls èkks[kk fn;k t, ;k Qqlyk;k tk,]
vkf[kj esa mls 'kks"k.k dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA cky O;kikj ds dqN tkus&ekus Lo:i vkSj mn~ns'; bl izdkj gSa %
n Je
Û ca/kqvk et+nwjh
Û ?kjsyw ukSdjh
Û [ksfrgj et+nwjh
Û fuekZ.k et+nwjh
Û dkyhu m|ksx] ifjogu m|ksx] eNyh@>haxk
fu;kZr rFkk vkSipkfjd rFkk vukSipkfjd
vFkZO;oLFkk esa dke ds vU; LFky
n xSjdkuwuh xfrfof/k;ka
Û Hkh[k ekaxuk
Û vax O;kikj
Û u'khys inkFkksZa dks ys tkuk vkSj rLdjh
n ;kSu 'kks"k.k
Û tcju os';ko`fÙk
Û os';ko`fÙk ds lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd :i ls
ekU;rkizkIr :i
Û lsDl VwfjT+e
Û ikWuksZxzkQ+h
n euksjatu ,oa [ksy
Û ldZl] u`R; eaMfy;ka
Û dSesy tkWdh
n 'kknh ds fy, vkSj 'kknh ds tfj,
n xksn ysus ds fy, vkSj xksn ysus ds tfj,

12
tkuus yk;d pht+sa---
cky et+nwjh vkSj cky O;kikj
cky et+nwjh vkSj cky O;kikj ds chp D;k Q+dZ gS ;g le>uk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA
lHkh cky et+nwj VªSfQ+fdax ds f'kdkj ugha gksrsA cky et+nwjh ,d rjg dk
'kks"k.k vkSj vius vki esa ,d edln gSA nwljh rjQ] cky O;kikj ,d ,slh
izfØ;k gS ftlesa ;g 'kks"k.k 'kkfey gksrk gS ;k bl 'kks"k.k ij tkdj ;g
izfØ;k [+kRe gksrh gSA
mnkgj.k 1
ukS o"khZ; jke vius Ldwy esa [+kq'k ugha FkkA og Dykl esa ugha tkuk pkgrk FkkA mls yxrk Fkk fd ogka tkuk oD+r dh
cckZnh gSA og rks eqacbZ tkdj fQ+Yeh flrkjksa ls feyuk pkgrk FkkA jke ds xkao esa txnh'k dk yxkrkj vkuk&tkuk jgrk
FkkA mldh jke ls vPNh nksLrh FkhA ,d fnu txnh'k us jke dks viuh eksVj lkbfdy ij fcBkdj xkao dk pDdj
yxok;kA mlus crk;k fd og fQ+Yeh flrkjksa ls fey pqdk gSA jke us txnh'k ls dgk fd og mls Hkh eqacbZ ys pysA
txnh'k jke dks eqacbZ ys vk;k vkSj mls t+jnkst+h ds ,d dkj[+kkus esa csp fn;kA
;g cky O;kikj dh ?kVuk gS ;k cky et+nwjh dh
O;k[;k % jke ,d t+jnkst+h dkj[kkus esa cky et+nwj rks gS ysfdu lcls igys mls ;gka ykdj cspk x;k FkkA txnh'k us jke
dks cspus ds fy, èkks[ks dk lgkjk fy;k FkkA txnh'k dks jke ds 'kks"k.k vkSj mlds vfèkdkjksa ds guu ls Q+k;nk gqvk FkkA
mnkgj.k 2
lfjrk 15 lky dh gSA og fnYyh esa ,d iw.kZdkfyd ?kjsyw ukSdjkuh gSA og >kj[kaM ds ,d xkao dh jgus okyh gSA mls
fnYyh dh ,d IyslesaV@HkrhZ ,tsalh us bl ukSdjh ij yxok;k FkkA bl ,tsalh dh 'kk[kk,a >kj[kaM esa Hkh pyrh gSA
lfjrk us tc ls dke 'kq: fd;k gS mls dksbZ ru[okg ugha feyhA og tc Hkh viuk iSlk ekaxrh gS mlds ekfyd mls
ekj&ihV dj pqi djk nsrs gSaA mlds ekfyd mls u rks ?kj ls ckgj tkus nsrs gSa] u og vius ?kjokyksa ds uke dksbZ fpëh
Hkst ldrh gSA gkykafd og ?kj ykSVuk pkgrh gS ysfdu dksbZ mls ykSVus ugha nsrkA
D;k lfjrk cky O;kikj dh f'kdkj gS
O;k[;k % ;g ?kjsyw cky et+nwjh dk ekeyk gS u fd cky O;kikj dkA lfjrk dk 'kks"k.k IyslesaV ,tsalh us ugha cfYd
mlds ekfyd us fd;k gSA IyslesaV ,tsalh rks mu yksxksa dks ukSdjh fnyokrh gS tks mlds ikl ukSdjh ekaxus vkrs gSaA
vxj ,tsalh us lfjrk dks fdlh rjg ls èkks[kk fn;k gksrk vkSj mls >kalk nsdj bl dke ij j[kok;k gksrk ;k mls
vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k ds mís'; ls ekStwnk ukSdjh ds fy, Qqlyk;k gksrk rks ;g cky O;kikj dk ekeyk ekuk tk ldrk FkkA
cky os';ko`fÙk vkSj cky O;kikj
cky O;kikj dks dkQ+h gn rd os';ko`fÙk ;k O;kolkf;d ;kSu 'kks"k.k ds :i esa
gh ns[kk tkrk gS ysfdu tgka ,d rjQ cky O;kikj ,d izfØ;k gS ogha os';ko`fÙk
;k O;kolkf;d ;kSu 'kks"k.k mldk ,d ifj.kke gksrk gSA
blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd lHkh rjg dh os';ko`fÙk cky O;kikj dk ifj.kke ugha gksrh]
ysfdu cky os';kvksa ds lanHkZ esa cky O;kikj dks drbZ udkjk ugha tk ldrkA
mnkgj.k
ianzg lky dh jhrk dks iqfyl Nkis ds nkSjku ,d gksVy esa vkifÙktud voLFkk esa ik;k x;kA bl Nkis esa os';ky; ds
ekfyd vkSj ,d nyky dks fxj¶+rkj djds muds f[kykQ vuSfrd O;kikj jksdFkke vf/kfu;e ds rgr ekeyk ntZ dj

13
fy;k x;kA jhrk eqacbZ fQYe m|ksx esa vfHkus=kh cuus vkbZ FkhA blh ykyp esa mlus ,d fnu ?kj NksM+ fn;k FkkA mlus
lqu j[kk Fkk fd eqacbZ dh ftanxh vklku ugha gksrhA blhfy, og fQYe m|ksx esa iSj tekus ds fy, dqN Hkh djus dks
rS;kj FkhA eqacbZ esa ftanxh pykus ds fy, mlus os';ko`fÙk 'kq: dj nhA mls mEehn Fkh fd ,d fnu mldk liuk t:j
iwjk gks tk,xkA
D;k bl ekeys esa VªsfQ+fdax fufgr gS
O;k[;k % jhrk dh mez dks ns[kus ij bl ?kVuk esa mldh lgefr dk loky [kRe gks tkrk gSA vnkyr esa gksVy ekfyd
;s nyhy ns ldrk gS fd jhrk [kqn mlds ikl vkbZ Fkh] mls fdlh us os';ko`fÙk ds fy, u rks etcwj fd;k Fkk vkSj u gh
/kks[kk fn;k FkkA ysfdu] Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds rgr ;kSu laca/kksa ds fy, lgefr dh mez U;wure 16 lky r; dh xbZ gSA
bl izdkj] vuSfrd O;kikj jksdFkke vf/kfu;e ds rgr jhrk cPph gS blfy, mldh lgefr ds ckotwn mls os';ko`fÙk ds
fy, bLrseky djus ds vkjksi esa gksVy ekfyd dks gh ftEesnkj ekuk tk,xkA mls bl ckr ds fy, Hkh nks"kh ekuk tk,xk
fd mlus ,d ,slh txg ij cPps dks can djds j[kk tgka os';ko`fÙk dh tk jgh FkhA
'kknh ^ds fy,* vkSj 'kknh ^ds t+fj,* cky O;kikj
cky fookg vius vki esa ,d rjg dk 'kks"k.k gS ysfdu cgqr lkjh yM+fd;ksa dks
rks 'kknh ds uke ij csp gh fn;k tkrk gSA
yM+fd;ksa dks etnwjh ;k os';ko`fÙk dh nqfu;k esa <dsyus ds fy, Hkh cky fookg
dks ,d lk/ku ds rkSj ij bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
D;k ;g cky fookg dk mnkgj.k gS ;k fookg ds fy, VªsfQfdax dk
mnkgj.k 1
mM+hlk dh 14 o"khZ; dqekjh dks mlds firk us >kalh ds ,d 40 o"khZ; O;fDr ls C;kg fn;k FkkA bl 'kknh ds cnys esa
mls 20]000 #i, feys FksA dqekjh ds firk ds nksLr ykyk us bl ysu&nsu esa fcpkSfy;s dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA bl ^lsok*
ds cnys mlus nwYgs ls iSlk fy;k FkkA 'kknh ds ckn dqekjh dHkh vius eka&cki ls feyus ugha vk;hA vius ek;ds ls
mlds lkjs lacaèk [+kRe gks pqds gSaA og >kalh esa vius ifr ds lkFk jgrh gSA
O;k[;k % ;g 'kknh ^ds fy,* cky O;kikj dk ekeyk gSA dqekjh ds firk] muds nksLr ykyk vkSj dqekjh dk ifr] rhuksa
gh u dsoy cky fookg dh lkft+'k jpus ds nks"kh gSa cfYd vius Q+k;ns ds fy, 'kknh ds uke ij cPps dks cspus ds Hkh
vijkèkh gSaA
mnkgj.k 2
24 o"khZ; jes'k 16 lky dh lhek ls 'kknh djrk gSA ,d eghus ckn jes'k lhek dks vius nksLr dYyw ds ?kj ls dqN
vkStkj ykus ds fy, Hkstrk gSA dYyw ds ?kj igqapus ij lhek dks og vkStkj fey tkrs gSaA okil pyrs gq, dYyw ds
rhu nksLr mls dgrs gSa fd os ykSVrs gq, lhek dks mlds ?kj NksM+ nsaxsA lhek rS;kj gks tkrh gSA os rhuksa mls ,d
os';ky; esa ys tkdj csp nsrs gSaA fojks/k djus ij mls irk pyrk gS fd mls ;gka ykus ds fy, mlds ifr dks eksVh
jde nh xbZ gSA
D;k lhek fookg ds fy, VªsfQ+fdax dh f'kdkj gS ;k fookg ds tfj, VªsfQ+fdax dh
O;k[;k % tc jes'k us lhek ls fookg fd;k rks [kjhn&Qjks[+r ds uke ij dksbZ vkfFkZd ysu&nsu ugha gqvk FkkA ysfdu
fookg ds ,d eghus ckn gh jes'k viuh iRuh dks os';ky; esa csp nsrk gSA blls lkfcr gksrk gS fd mlus ;kSu 'kks"k.k
rFkk iSls dekus ds fy, gh lhek ls 'kknh dh FkhA ;gka 'kknh lhek dks gkfly djus vkSj mls os';ko`fÙk esa <dsyus dk
flQZ ,d lk/ku FkhA fookg ds le; lhek ukckfyx Hkh FkhA bl izdkj] ;g u dsoy cky fookg dk ekeyk curk gS
cfYd 'kknh ds tfj, cky O;kikj dk ekeyk Hkh curk gSA

14
xksn ysus ^ds fy,* vkSj ^ds t+fj,* cky O;kikj
f'k'kqvksa dh fcØh esa cky O;kikj fufgr gS ftlds pyrs varr% xSj&dkuwuh :i
ls cPpksa dks xksn fy;k tkrk gSA bl rjg dh fcØh ds QyLo:i gksus okyh xksn
ysus dh ?kVuk,a Hkys gh xSj&dkuwuh u gksa ysfdu fcØh dh ?kVuk bl rjg ds
ekeyksa dks cky O;kikj dk ekeyk rks lkfcr dj gh nsrh gSA
dbZ ckj dkuwuh ;k xSj&dkuwuh nRrdrk dh vkM+ esa cPpksa dks ?kjsyw ukSdjh]
Hkh[k eaxokus] u'khys inkFkks± dh rLdjh vkSj ;kSu 'kks"k.k vkfn ds fy, cspk ;k
bLrseky Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k 1
xqaVqj] dukZVd ds ,d fuèkZu ifjokj esa tUeh ;equk vius ekrk&firk dh lkroha larku FkhA bèkj eqacbZ ds fd'ku vkSj
vUuiw.kkZ dk dksbZ cPpk ugha FkkA os ,d LoLFk cPpk xksn ysuk pkgrs FksA rc mUgksaus ;equk ds gh xkao ds jgus okys gjh
ls laidZ fd;kA gjh ,d vukFkky; pykrk Fkk vkSj yksxksa dks cPps xksn ysus esa enn nsrk FkkA gjh us ;equk ds ?kj okyksa
dks 2000 #i, fn, vkSj mls ykdj 20]000 #i, esa fd'ku o vUuiw.kkZ dks csp fn;kA
O;k[;k % ;g xksn ysus ds fy, cky O;kikj dk ekeyk gSA blesa gjh us vius Qk+;ns ds fy, iSls nsdj ;equk dks [+kjhnk
vkSj iSls ysdj mls fdlh vkSj dks csp fn;kA
mnkgj.k 2
lkr lky ds ujs'k dks ,d ,sMkWI'ku ,tsalh ¼nÙkdrk ,tsalh½ ds t+fj, d+kuwuu xksn fn;k x;k FkkA xksn ysus ds ckn
mlds u, eka&cki us igys mls ?kjsyw dkeksa esa yxk fn;k vkSj ckn esa pksjh&pdkjh rFkk u'khyh nokvksa dks ;gka ls ogka ys
tkus ds fy, mldk bLrseky djus yxsA
O;k[;k % bl ekeys esa ^xksn ysuk* rks ?kjsyw ukSdjh vkSj pksjh o u'khys inkFkks± dh rLdjh tSls voSèk èkaèkksa ds fy,
ujs'k dks gkfly djus dk flQZ+ ,d lkèku FkkA bl ekeys esa ujs'k ds nÙkd eka&cki us viuh lÙkk dk nq#i;ksx
fd;k gSA mUgksaus ujs'k dh det+ksj fLFkfr dk Q+k;nk mBk;k gSA ;g xksn ysus ^ds t+fj,* cky O;kikj dk ekeyk
gS ftlesa cPps dks xksn ysus okys eka&cki cky O;kikj ds vijkèkh gSaA

17
cky O;kikj ds ekeyksa
esa gLr{ksi
ewy vk/kkj
cky O;kikj dh lexz vkSj O;kid jksdFkke ds fy, ,d
cgqvk;keh j.kuhfr viukuk t+:jh gSA
cky O;kikj dh lexz vkSj O;kid jksdFkke ds fy, ,d cgqvk;keh j.kuhfr
viukuk t+:jh gSA bl j.kuhfr esa fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ij è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,%
 jksdFkke
 lqj{kk
 cpko
 nksf"k;ksa dks lt+k fnykuk
 ihfM+r cPps dk iquokZl] ?kj okilh rFkk lkekftd ,dhdj.k
ge pkgs rks buesa ls ,d ;k nks izfØ;kvksa esa ;k lkjh izfØ;kvksa esa ;ksxnku
ns ldrs gSaA

18
VªSfQ+fdax dh jksdFkke esa ge bu ekè;eksa ls ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSa %
 ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk irk yxkuk tgka cky O;kikj dh vk'kadk c<+ tkrh gSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ckjs esa
lacafèkr O;fDr;ksa@laLFkkvksa dks tkudkjh nsukA
 laosnu'khy vkckfn;ksa esa lkekftd&vkfFkZd ladV dks nwj djus ds oSdfYid jkLrs <wa<ukA
 leqnk; ds ,sls yksxksa esa tkx:drk iSnk djuk ftuds cPpksa ij VªSfQ+fdax dk lcls T+;knk [+krjk eaMjk jgk
gSA blds fy, leqnk;ksa esa lhèks dke fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k leqnk; vkèkkfjr laxBuksa ds ekè;e ls ;k leqnk;
vkèkkfjr laxBu ds :i esa gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gSA
 vke leqnk; ds Hkhrj rFkk fofHkUu is'ksoj {ks=ksa ¼;kuh lkekftd ,oa LokLF; lsok,a] fofèk fØ;kUo;u] f'k{kd]
èkkfeZd leqnk; vkfn½ esa tkx:drk iSnk djukA [+kklrkSj ls bl ckr ij t+ksj nsuk fd cky O;kikj vkSj
leqnk; dh [kq'kgkyh o rjDdh ds chp fdl rjg dk foijhr vuqikr pyrk gSA
 leqnk; ds Hkhrj rFkk fofHkUu is'ksoj {ks=ksa esa lgk;rk ds ,sls usVodZ fufeZr djuk tks yksxksa dks cky O;kikj ds
f[+kykQ+ dkjZokbZ djus dh rkd+r o ;ksX;rk iznku djrs gksaA
 lkeqnkf;d Lo;alsoh ny] cky O;kikj pkSdlh tRFks vkSj lkeqnkf;d dk;Z lewg vkfn tu lewgksa dk fuekZ.k djukA
 iqfLrdk] iksLVj] izn'kZuh] fLVdj] LVksjh dkM~lZ] lwpuk i=] lkeqnkf;d jaxeap] jsfM;ks rFkk vU; yksdfiz; izlkj
ekè;eksa] izn'kZfu;ksa] lkoZtfud dk;ZØeksa vkfn vljnkj 'kS{kf.kd VwYl tSlh vkbZbZlh j.kuhfr;ksa ds t+fj, cky
O;kikj ds f[+kykQ+ vfHk;ku pykukA
 viuh] lgHkkfx;ksa dh] lkeqnkf;d okWyafV;lZ dh] iapk;r izfrfufèk;ksa dh rFkk vU; lacafèkr i{kksa dh {kerk esa
o`f) djukA
 fu.kZ;dkjh fudk;ksa] ehfM;k] iqfyl] U;k;ikfydk rFkk vU; lacafèkr i{kksa ds lkFk ;kstukc) <ax ls vkSj fujarj
laokn pykukA
cPpksa ij dsafnzr jksdFkke j.kuhfr;ksa dk edln ;g gksrk gS fd cPps dks [+kjhn&Q+jks[+r ls cpk;k tk,A blds fy,
tksf[ke ;k ladV esa Qals cPpksa ds lkeus ekStwn [+krjksa ij vadq'k yxk;k tkrk gS] vljnkj lqj{kk lkèkuksa rd
mudh igqap c<+kbZ tkrh gS vkSj vijkfèk;ksa rFkk ekax {ks=ksa ij fu'kkuk lkèkus ds lkFk&lkFk cky O;kikj ds cqfu;knh
dkj.kksa dks lacksfèkr fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy, ;s xfrfofèk;ka dh tk ldrh gSa % tksf[kexzLr cPpksa dks tkx:d
cukuk( jk"Vªh; ,oa leqnk; Lrjh; cky lqj{kk iz.kkfy;ksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k djuk( rFkk] tksf[kexzLr cPpksa dh igpku vkSj
lqj{kk esa lqèkkj ds fy, lacafèkr yksxksa dk {kerk fuekZ.k djukA
cPpksa ij dsafnzr lqj{kk j.kuhfr;ksa dk edln ;g gksrk gS fd d+kuwuh] uhfrxr ;k dk;ZØe lacaèkh lkèkuksa ds t+fj,
ihfM+r cPps dh lqj{kk ls tqM+h izR;{k t+:jrksa dks lacksfèkr fd;k tk,A blds fy, ;s xfrfofèk;ka dh tk ldrh gSa %
ihfM+rksa dks igpkuus vkSj ßcjken djusÞ ds fy, dk;ZØe pykuk( igpku@cjkenxh ds 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa rFkk izkjafHkd
leh{kk vofèk ds nkSjku ,slh lsok,a eqgS;k djkuk tks lqj{kk] lax&lkFk] Hkkstu] vkokl] LokLF;] dkmalfyax vkSj d+kuwuh
lgk;rk ds ckjs esa cPps dh Q+kSjh t+:jrksa dks iwjk djrh gksa( ihfM+r cPps dh igpku gks tkus ij dk;kZRed jsQjy
iz.kkyh dk lqn`<+hdj.k vkSj@;k fuekZ.k djuk( rFkk ihfM+r cPpksa dks jkLrs esa iM+us okys ns'kksa o y{; ns'k esa lqj{kk
eqgS;k djkus vkSj Lons'k okilh ij mudh ns[kHkky ds fy, d+kuwuh Ý+seodZ dk lqn`<+hdj.k djukA
cPps ij dsafnzr lgk;rk xfrfofèk;ksa dk edln ;g gksrk gS fd ihfM+r cPps [+kjhn&Q+jks[+r ds vius vuqHko ls ßvkxsÞ
fudysa] fo'okl vkSj LokfHkeku dk Hkko nksckjk vftZr djsa] u, ;k fiNys ?kjsyw ifjos'k esa ?kqy&fey tk,a ¼vius ewy
ns'k esa ;k rhljs ns'k esa½] rFkk Lora= :i ls thus dh fgEer vkSj gquj fodflr djsaA
bl izfØ;k esa mudh eè;e vofèk vkSj nh?kkZofèk lgk;rk vko';drkvksa dks lacksfèkr djuk iM+ ldrk gSA mudh
;s t+:jrsa euks&lkekftd dkmalfyax] ifjokj ds lkFk eè;LFkrk] f'k{kk vkSj@;k O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k] vk; laoèkZu
xfrfofèk;ksa rFkk LFkk;h vkokl ls lacafèkr gks ldrh gSaA
xkfyr oqYQs+Ulksu] fjLik¡fMax Vw pkbYM VªSfQ+fdax % ,su baVªksMDVªh gSaMcqd Vw pkbYM jkbV~l csLM baVjos'kal
MªkWu Ý+kWe lso fn fpYMªsu ,Dlihfj;sal bu lkmFkbZLV ;wjksi] dkWihjkbV 2004 lso fn fpYMªsuA

19
 cPpksa ds thou] fodkl] laj{k.k ,oa lgHkkfxrk ds fy, rFkk cky 'kks"k.k] cky O;kikj o cky nqjkpkj ds
f[+kykQ+ leqnk; dh Hkkoukvksa] cPpksa dh t+:jrksa vkSj {kerkvksa ds ckjs esa yksxksa dh lksp o ekU;rkvksa ij 'kksèk
vkSj nLrkost+hdj.k djukA
 bdëk dh xbZ lwpukvksa ds vkèkkj ij leqnk; ds lkFk ,d et+cwr lacaèk fodflr djuk rkfd leqnk; dks
ihfM+rksa ds iquokZl rFkk iqu%,dhdj.k esa enn nsus rFkk mUgsa iquZO;kikj ls cpkus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk ldsA
 cky lqj{kk ds ckjs esa uhfrxr ;k d+kuwuh lqèkkjksa ds t+fj, tu tkx`fr ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu ds fy, ,Moksdslh
dk;ZØe 'kq: djukA
ge ihfM+r cPpksa ds cpko] okLrfod ;k laHkkfor ihfM+rksa dh lqj{kk] vijkfèk;ksa dks lt+k fnykus] ihfM+rksa ds iquokZl] ?kj
okilh vkSj iqu%,dhdj.k esa fgLlk ys ldrs gSaA ;s lHkh izfØ;k,a lacafèkr ns'k ds LFkkfir d+kuwuh Ýs+eodZ ds rgr gh
pyk;h tkuh pkfg,aA blds fy, t+:jh gS fd vki lacafèkr d+kuwuksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ds ckjs esa vPNh rjg tku ysaA
cky O;kikj ds f[+kykQ+ fdlh Hkh gLr{ksi ds cqfu;knh
fl)kar
tc vki cky O;kikj dh fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa gLr{ksi djrs gSa rks vkidks fuEufyf[kr dk è;ku t+:j j[kuk pkfg, %
 aviuh {kerk ds vuqlkj cPps dks enn nsaA
 cPps dh fLFkfr dks eglwl djus dk iz;kl djsaA i{kikr ls eqDr vkSj lgt joS;k enn ds fy, lcls vPNk
jgrk gSA gesa lnk ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd ;g fLFkfr fdlh Hkh cPps ds thou esa iSnk gks ldrh gS vkSj blesa
cPps dh dksbZ x+yrh ugha gksrhA
 cPps dh [+kq'kgkyh vkSj dq'ky{kse fdlh Hkh lwjr esa lcls igyh izkFkfedrk gksuh pkfg,A ekeys dks bruk ugha
[khapk tkuk pkfg, fd cPps dh dq'ky{kse] lqj{kk vkSj lkFkZd iquokZl dh laHkkoukvksa ij pksV igqapus yxsA
 gekjh lHkh dkjZokb;ka bl fl)kar ij vkèkkfjr gksuh pkfg,a fd gj cPps dks fdlh Hkh rjg ds 'kks"k.k ls eqfDr
dk iwjk vfèkdkj izkIr gSA
 cPps dh igpku dks fNik, j[kus vkSj cPps dh izkboslh dk lEeku t+:j fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
 cky O;kikj dks vdlj laxfBr <ax ls vatke fn;k tkrk gSA blesa cgqr lkjs fgLlsnkj feydj dke djrs gSaA
dbZ ckj ;s fxjksg ;k ekfQ+;k dkQ+h [+krjukd lkfcr gks ldrs gSaA
 gLr{ksi djus ls igys viuh {kerk vkSj rkd+r dk fglkc yxk ysuk t+:jh gSA gesa ,sls yksxksa ;k lewgksa dh
f'kuk[r t+:j djuh pkfg, tks gekjs laHkkfor fgLlsnkj cu ldrs gSaA gks ldrk gS gekjs ikl d+kuwuh Lrj ij
n[ky nsus dh {kerk u gksA ,sls gkykr esa dksbZ ,slk lkFkh ;k fgLlsnkj t+:j <wa< ysa ftls d+kuwu dh le>
gksA bldk eryc gS fd vyx&vyx dkeksa ds fy, vkidks vyx&vyx rjg ds yksxksa ds lkFk fey dj dke
djuk gksxkA elyu] vxj vki ihfM+r cPps dks euks&lkekftd dkmalfyax nsuk pkgrs gSa rks ,d laxBu ls
rFkk vxj vki cpko ;k iquokZl] ?kj okilh vkSj Q+kWyksvi esa ;ksxnku nsuk pkgrs gSa rks fdlh nwljs laxBu ls
laidZ dj ldrs gSaA o;Ldksa ds fy, jkst+xkj vkSj vkthfodk ds lkèku miyCèk djkus okys laxBuksa ds lkFk Hkh
yacs laidZ fodflr fd, tk ldrs gSaA blls u dsoy csjkst+xkj o;Ldksa cfYd leqnk; ds mu cslgkjk ifjokjksa
dks Hkh vkfFkZd enn feysxh ftuds cPps bl [+krjs esa gS ;k bl rjg ds vuqHko ls xqt+j pqds gSaA
 vxj vkidks cky O;kikj ds ckjs esa dksbZ lwpuk feyrh gS rks mlds lkFk NsM+NkM+ dh vk'kadk ;k mlds ihNs
fufgr dkj.kksa dk vankt+k yxk ysuk t+:jh gksrk gSA felky ds rkSj ij] vxj vkidks og tkudkjh ;k vkichrh
ehfM;k ls feyh gS rks mlds ihNs jktuhfrd ;k O;kolkf;d fgr gks ldrs gSa] mldk edln fdlh dks cnuke
djuk gks ldrk gS] mlesa lVhdrk dh deh gks ldrh gS] c;ku x+yr gks ldrk gS vkfnA
 vxj vki vljnkj <ax ls gLr{ksi djuk pkgrs gSa rks bldk eryc gS fd ihfM+r cPpksa dks fgalk] nqjkpkj vkSj
'kks"k.k ls Q+kSju izHkkoh vkSj LFkk;h lqj{kk o jkgr feysA

20
vfèkdkj dsafnzr le> dks O;ogkj esa dSls mrkjk tk ldrk gS
cky vfèkdkjksa ds ut+fj, ls dk;ZØe rS;kj djrs gq, vki cky O;kikj fojksèkh iz;klksa esa ,d vfèkdkj dsafnzr le>
dks vey esa yk ldrs gSaA blds lgkjs vki ;g lqfuf'pr dj ldrs gSa fd ihfM+r cPpksa rFkk vk'kadkxzLr cPpksa ds
vfèkdkjksa dk mYya?ku u gksA bl rjg dh lksp ;g r; djus esa enn nsrh gS fd cPpksa ds cqfu;knh lkekftd] vkfFkZd
,oa jktuhfrd ekuokfèkdkjksa dks izksRlkgu fn;k tk, rkfd mudh izfr"Bk] Lora=rk vkSj l'kfDrdj.k esa btkQk gks vkSj
muds lkeus T+;knk ls T+;knk fodYi iSnk gks ldsaA
cPpksa dks dsanz esa j[kuk vkSj mUgsa vfèkdkj&èkkjd rFkk lkekftd ik=ksa ds
:i esa ekU;rk nsukA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh gLr{ksiksa esa cPpksa dks eq[; ik=ksa ds :i esa ns[kk tkuk pkfg, u fd ,sls fuf"Ø; xzkgdksa ds :i esa
ftUgsa gekjh enn dh t+:jr gSA ,sls iz;klksa esa bl ckr dks izkFkfedrk nh tkuh pkfg, fd cPps vius vfèkdkjksa ds
fy, lfØ; :i ls nkosnkjh is'k djus esa l{ke gksaA ,sls gLr{ksiksa ds t+fj, cPpksa ds fy, ykHknk;d vkSj lgt okrkoj.k
eqgS;k djkus vkSj et+cwr cukus ij t+ksj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
eq[; :i ls ft+Eesnkj gksus ds ukrs ljdkj dks cPpksa vkSj varjkZ"Vªh;
leqnk; ds izfr tokcnsg cukukA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh gLr{ksiksa esa ljdkj dh tokcnsgh lqfuf'pr dh tkuh pkfg, rkfd ihfM+r vkSj ladVxzLr cPpksa ds
vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk dh tk lds vkSj ljdkj lHkh mÙkjnk;h i{kksa o cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djus okyksa dh {kerk esa btkQk
djs rkfd cPpksa ds vfèkdkjksa dh vkSj csgrj <ax ls fgQ+kt+r dh tk ldsA
,d lexz ut+fj;k viukus ds fy, cgqvk;keh izfrfØ;k nsukA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh iz;klksa esa cPpksa rFkk muds ifjos'k dh ,d lexzrkoknh le> dks è;ku esa j[kuk cgqr t+:jh gSA
blh ds lgkjs muds 'kks"k.k dh vk'kadk dks c<+kus okys fofHkUu jktuhfrd] lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd dkjdksa dks lacksfèkr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA VªSfQ+fdax ds Q+kSjh ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk&lkFk cqfu;knh dkj.kksa vkSj lacafèkr tksf[keksa ij Hkh è;ku
fn;k tkuk pkfg,A O;fDrxr Lrj ij ?kjsyw fgalk] ;kSu ,oa euksoSKkfud nqjkpkj( lhfer ikfjokfjd ,oa lkeqnkf;d
lgk;rk( xjhch( de f'k{kk( fcuk dkxt+kr vkizoklu ds [+krjksa vkSj lqjf{kr vkizoklu ds fodYiksa dh de tkudkjh(
Loj{kk ds fy, lhfer O;fDrxr lalkèku ¼tSls de vkRefo'okl½( rFkk lkaLÑfrd O;oLFkk,a ¼tSls de mez esa 'kknh dks
eat+wjh½ vkfn O;fDrxr Lrj ij tksf[ke c<+kus okys dkjd gSaA lajpukxr Lrj ij ,slh vkfFkZd] ySafxd ,oa u`tkrh;
xSj&cjkcfj;ka tksf[ke dks tUe nsus okyh gks ldrh gSa tks O;fDrxr vfèkdkjksa dks izHkkfor djus okyh lkekftd] vkfFkZd
,oa jktuhfrd lajpukvksa o uhfr;ksa ds ihNs fufgr gksrh gSaA
uSfrd ekudksa ij vkèkkfjr lgHkkxh vkSj l'kfDrdj.k i)fr;ksa dk bLrseky
djuk] [+kklrkSj ls cPpksa ds ekeys esaA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh dk;ZØeksa dks cPpksa dh rkd+r vkSj vkarfjd yphysiu ij vkèkkfjr gksus pkfg,a vkSj cPpksa dks mu
dk;ZØeksa ds fodkl] fØ;kUo;u rFkk ewY;kadu esa 'kkfey djuk pkfg,A cPpksa vkSj muds leqnk;ksa dk izksRlkgu vkSj
lgHkkfxrk bl izfØ;k dk ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gSA
,sls lekos'kh lekèkku vkSj tsaMj laosnh dk;ZØe fodflr djuk ftuesa
tksf[ke vkSj HksnHkko dh T+;knk vk'kadk okys yM+ds&yM+fd;ksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku
fn;k tkrk gSA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh dk;ZØeksa esa [+kjhn&Q+jks[+r dh lcls T+;knk vk'kadk okys cPpksa dks <wa<us vkSj mu ij è;ku nsus ds
fy, [+kkl j.kuhfr rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,A bl Øe esa muds lkaLÑfrd] ySafxd] Hkw&jktuSfrd ,oa lkekftd&vkfFkZd
lanHkks± ij [+kkl è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blds fy, lcls igys bl ckr dh Li"V le> gkfly djuh pkfg, fd
tksf[kexzLr cPpksa ds lkeus [+kkl tksf[ke dkSu ls gSa] muds fy, lqj{kkRed okrkoj.k D;k gks ldrk gS] muds lkeus
dkSu ls fodYi gSa] vkSj lacafèkr leqnk; esa cky O;kikj dk Lo:i dslk gSA

21
u dsoy Q+kSjh cfYd lajpukxr dkj.kksa ij Hkh è;ku nsrs gq, cPpksa ds fy,
LFkk;h urhtksa ij t+ksj nsukA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh gLr{ksiksa esa mu O;kid lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj Hkw&jktuSfrd dkjdksa ij t+:j è;ku fn;k tkuk
pkfg, tks cPpksa vkSj muds leqnk;ksa dh fLFkfr dks vkSj det+ksj djrs gSaA bl Øe esa vki vehj vkSj xjhc ds chp
c<+rs Qklys] ?kj esa lhfer vk;oèkZd xfrfofèk;ksa] nwljs bykdksa dh rjQ iyk;u ij yxh ikcafn;ksa] Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj
laxfBr vijkèk esa o`f)] lkekftd lgk;rk ,oa lqj{kk O;oLFkk esa fxjkoV rFkk c<+rh ySafxd xSj&cjkcjh] HksnHkko vkSj
fgalk vkfn dkjdksa ij è;ku ns ldrs gSaA
ihfM+r cPps ds x`g ns'k rFkk orZeku ns'k lfgr O;kid cnykoksa ds fy,
dbZ Lrjksa ij dke djukA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh dk;ZØeksa esa bu eqíksa dks dbZ Lrjksa ij lacksfèkr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bu dk;ZØeksa esa tksf[kexzLr
cPpksa ds lkFk] muds ifjokjksa vkSj leqnk;ksa ds lkFk] vkSj muds chp dke djus okys lsok iznkrkvksa dh {kerk fuekZ.k ds
t+fj, vizR;{k :i ls dke fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blds vykok cPpksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ft+Eesnkj fudk;ksa dh {kerk esa
lqèkkj ykus rFkk cky O;kikj ds ekax i{k dks det+ksj djus ij Hkh è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
cky vfèkdkjksa ds izksRlkgu ds fy, lcls T+;knk ladVxzLr vkSj HksnHkko ds
f'kdkj cPpksa ij è;ku dsafnzr djus ds fy, {ks=h; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx
lfgr xBtksM+ vkSj lk>snkfj;ka cukukA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh dk;ZØeksa dk ,d edln fdlh Hkh {ks= ;k ns'k ds [+kkl gkykr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, cky O;kikj
fojksèkh j.kuhfr;ksa esa leUo; vkSj lgtrk fodflr djuk Hkh gksuk pkfg,A dksbZ Hkh ,d rkd+r ;k fudk; ihfM+r cPpksa
rFkk tksf[kexzLr cPpksa dh lkjh t+:jrksa dks iwjk ugha dj ldrkA fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa vU; rkd+rksa ds lkFk lk>snkfj;ka
cukus] LFkkuh; vkSj jk"Vªh; fudk;ksa ds lkFk feydj dke djus] rFkk dk;Z lewgksa esa ;ksxnku nsdj vki cM+s Lrj ds
cnykoksa dk ekxZ iz'kLr dj ldrs gSa vkSj dkeksa esa larqyu iSnk dj ldrs gSaA vPNs O;ogkjksa ds nLrkost+hdj.k vkSj
izlkj ls lkewfgd Lrj ij lh[kus&fl[kkus esa enn fey ldrh gS vkSj {ks=h; izfrfØ;kvksa dks vkSj csgrj cuk;k tk
ldrk gSA lacafèkr 'kfDr;ka tksf[kexzLr cPpksa ds vfèkdkjksa ds leFkZu esa ekgkSy cukus ds fy, vkSjksa dh lgk;rk Hkh tqVk
ldrh gSa vkSj nwljh rjQ bl ckr dk Hkh [+k;ky j[k ldrh gSa fd cPps ds fgrksa dks iwjk lEeku fn;k tk,A
cky O;kikj fojksèkh dk;ZØeksa esa lfØ; fudk;ksa vkSj laLFkkuksa dks ljdkjksa] {ks=h; laxBuksa] rFkk cgqi{kh; ,tsafl;ksa ds
lkFk lg;ksx vkSj leUo; j[kuk pkfg, ftlls mu uhfr;ksa vkSj rkSj&rjhdksa esa lqèkkj yk;k tk lds ftuds t+fj,
cky O;kikj ds cqfu;knh dkj.kksa dks nwj djus] VªSfQ+fdax ds f'kdkj cPpksa ds vfèkdkjksa dks lqj{kk iznku djus vkSj mudh
lqjf{kr okilh o iquokZl lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA
cPpksa ds fy, nh?kZdkfyd ifjorZu dks izksRlkfgr djus ds mís'; ls d+kuwuh]
uhfrxr ,oa laLFkkxr lqèkkjksa dks izksRlkgu nsuk rFkk ljdkjksa] nkrk laLFkkuksa
,oa ukxj lekt }kjk LohÑr vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ekU;rk izkIr d+kuwuh
Ýs+eodZ ds vuq:i ,sls nh?kZdkfyd y{; r; djukA
cky O;kikj fojksèkh dk;ZØeksa esa bl ckr ds fy, iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd cM+s iSekus dh uhfr;ksa esa Hkh lw{e Lrj dh
vko';drk,a misf{kr u jg tk,aA blds fy, ljdkjksa rFkk vU; fu.kZ;dkjh fudk;ksa ls vkg~oku fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd
os tksf[kexzLr cPpksa ds vfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ekStwn d+kuwu] uhfr vkSj laLFkkxr Ýs+eodZ esa lgh ekudksa] iz.kkfy;ksa
vkSj vk'okluksa dk lekos'k djsaA cky O;kikj fojksèkh dk;ZØeksa dk ,d edln ;g Hkh gksuk pkfg, fd os ,d ,slh
lefUor nh?kZdkfyd j.kuhfr fodflr djus esa ;ksxnku nsa tks cPpksa ds vfèkdkjksa rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; d+kuwuh Ýs+eodks± ij
vkèkkfjr gksa] eq[; lacafèkr i{kksa dks Li"V :i ls irk gksa rFkk os mls LohÑfr vkSj leFkZu nsrs gksa rkfd mu j.kuhfr;ksa
ds fy, fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa lalkèku o rkyesy fodflr fd, tk ldsaA
oqYQs+Ulksu xkfyr] fjLik¡fMax Vw pkbYM VªSfQ+fdax % ,su baVªksMDVªh gSaMcqd Vw pkbYM jkbV~l&csLM baVjos'kal MªkWu ÝkWe lso fn fpYMªsu ,Dlihfj;sal bu lkmFkbZLV
;wjksi] dkWihjkbV 2004 lso fn fpYMªsuA

25
d+kuwuh gLr{ksi dh iwoZ'krZ
 cky O;kikj ,d vijkèk gS blfy, mldh tkudkjh 'kklu dks Q+kSju nh tkuh pkfg,A cPpksa ds lkFk gksus
okys vijkèk rFkk ladV esa Qals cPpksa dks enn nsus dk ft+Eek Øe'k% iqfyl vkSj cky dY;k.k lfefr
¼lhMCY;wlh½ ds Åij gksrk gSA
 lacafèkr cPps dks cpko ;k MkWDVjh@euksoSKkfud lgk;rk dh Q+kSju vko';drk gksrh gSA bldk eryc gS fd
vxj vki lwpuk nsus esa nsjh djrs gSa rks cPps dks uqdlku Hkh igqap ldrk gSA
 tc ,d ckj ;g tkudkjh iqfyl ds ikl igqap tkrh gS rks ;g iqfyl dh ft+Eesnkjh gS fd os 24 ?kaVksa ds Hkhrj
cPps dks lhMCY;wlh ds lkeus is'k djsaA vxj lhMCY;wlh vfLrRo esa ugha gS rks cPps dks ft+yk eftLVªsV ;k
U;kf;d eftLVªsV vkfn fdlh vU; lacafèkr vfèkdkjh ds lkeus is'k djuk pkfg,A
 cky dY;k.k lfefr ¼lhMCY;wlh½ cky U;k; ¼ns[kHkky ,oa lqj{kk½ vfèkfu;e] 2000 ¼twosukby tfLVl ;k tsts
,DV½ ds varxZr cukbZ xbZ ,d lfefr gSA ;g lfefr ,sls cPpksa dks laHkkyrh gS ftUgsa ns[kHkky vkSj lqj{kk dh
Q+kSju vko';drk gSA ,sls cPpksa dh leqfpr ns[kHkky] lqj{kk] mipkj] fodkl vkSj iquokZl ds fy, lhMCY;wlh
vko';d tkap djrh gSA gkykafd d+kuwuh izkoèkku ;s gS fd gjsd ft+ys ;k dqN ft+yksa ds lewg esa ,d lhMCY;wlh
dk xBu t+:j fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ysfdu] pkgs bls 'kklu dh f<yk;h dgsa ;k ykijokgh] vkt Hkh lkjs
ft+yksa@jkT;ksa esa lhMCY;wlh dk xBu ugha fd;k x;k gSA è;ku jgs] vxj dgha lhMCY;wlh ugha gS rks ut+nhdh
iqfyl Fkkus esa t+:j lwpuk nsaA
d+kuwuh gLr{ksi ls
iwoZ
ukxfjd@lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ@,uthvks dh Hkwfedk
tkap&iM+rky vkSj cpko dk;Z ds fy, vko';d lwpuk

26
ukxfjdksa ds fy, lwpuk
 vxj fdlh otg ls iqfyl dks lwfpr djuk eqf'dy gS rks vki pkbYM ykbu ;k vius bykds@'kgj esa ,sls
lokyksa ij dke djus okys ut+nhdh ,uthvks ls Hkh laidZ dj ldrs gSaA
 pkbYM ykbu eqf'dy gkykr esa Qals cPpksa ds fy, pykbZ tk jgh ,d VsfyQ+ksu gSYiykbu gSA pkbYM ykbu ds
fy, vki ns'k esa dgha ls Hkh 1098 uacj ij Qksu dj ldrs gSaA
 tc ekeyk ,d ckj 'kklu ds lkeus vk tkrk gS rks f'kdk;r ntZ djkus vkSj d+kuwuh dkjZokbZ djus esa cPps dks
lgk;rk dh t+:jr gks ldrh gSA ge pkgsa rks cPps dks bl rjg dh lgk;rk ugha Hkh ns ldrs gSaA ysfdu vxj
ge ,slk Q+Slyk ysrs gSa rks ft+Eesnkj ukxfjd gksus ds ukrs gesa bl ckr dk è;ku t+:j j[kuk pkfg, fd cPps
dh ft+Eesnkjh pkbYM ykbu ;k ut+nhdh ,uthvks ;k fdlh ,sls ladV cpko dsanz dks lkSai nh tk, tks ihfM+r
cPps dks t+:jh lgk;rk eqgS;k djk ldrk gSA
 ladV esa Qals cPps dks jgus dk lqjf{kr fBdkuk eqgS;k djkuk cgqr t+:jh gSA eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Qals cPpksa dh
ns[kHkky vkSj lqj{kk ls lacafèkr d+kuwuksa esa Li"V :i ls izkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd cPps dks fdlh ^fQV O;fDr* ;k
^fQV laLFkku* ds ikl gh j[kk tk ldrk gS vkSj ;g cky U;k; d+kuwu ds t+fj, gh r; fd;k tkrk gSA
^fQV O;fDr*@^fQV laLFkku* D;k gksrk gS
cky U;k; vfèkfu;e ¼tsts ,DV½ ds varxZr %
ßfQV laLFkkuÞ dk eryc ,sls fdlh Hkh ljdkjh ;k iathÑr xSj ljdkjh ;k LoSfPNd laxBu ls gksrk gS tks fdlh
cPps dh ft+Eesnkjh ysus dks rS;kj gS vkSj ;ksX; vfèkdkfj;ksa@ljdkjh foHkkx }kjk mls bl dke ds fy, mi;qDr ik;k
x;k gS ¼vuqPNsn 2 ¼,p½ ½A
ßfQV O;fDrÞ dk vk'k; fdlh lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ ;k ,sls fdlh Hkh O;fDr ls gksrk gS tks fdlh cPps dh ft+Eesnkjh
ysus dks rS;kj gS vkSj ;ksX; vfèkdkfj;ksa@ljdkjh foHkkx }kjk mls fdlh cPps dks ikl j[kus vkSj mldh ft+Eesnkjh
mBkus ds ;ksX; ik;k x;k gS ¼vuqPNsn 2 ¼vkbZ½ ½A
cky U;k; d+kuwu ds varxZr dksbZ O;fDr ;k laLFkku ^fQV* gS ;k ugha] ;g ckr fdlh ;ksX; vfèkdkjh@ljdkjh foHkkx
ds }kjk gh r; dh tk ldrh gSA T+;knkrj ekeyksa esa ;g dke efgyk ,oa cky dY;k.k foHkkx ;k lekt dY;k.k
foHkkx ds ft+Ees gksrk gSA dqN jkT;ksa esa cky U;k; foHkkx dks lekt dY;k.k ds varxZr j[kk tkrk gS tcfd dqN
jkT;ksa esa mls cky dY;k.k foHkkx ds rgr j[kk x;k gS tgka ;g dke efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx ds varxZr
pyk tkrk gSA
xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ds fy, dqN lq>ko
 ;fn fdlh xSj ljdkjh laxBu dks cky O;kikj ds ckjs esa dksbZ lwpuk feyrh gS rks og ml ekeys esa [+kqn dkjZokbZ
dj ldrk gS ;k ml ekeys dks pkbYM ykbu lfgr fdlh ,slh ,tsalh ds ikl Hkst ldrk gS tks bl rjg ds eqíksa
ij dke djrh gSA lHkh xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ds fy, ,sls ekeyksa esa [+kqn gLr{ksi djuk vkSj dne mBkuk t+:jh ugha
gksrkA vxj ;g eqík ml laxBu ds dk;Z {ks= esa ugha vkrk gS vkSj mlds ikl ,sls ekeyksa dks laHkkyus ds fy, t+:jh
;ksX;rk ;k vuqHko ugha gS rks laxBu dks [+kqn n[ky ugha nsuk pkfg,A
 dksbZ ,uthvks vkSj@;k cky U;k; d+kuwu ds varxZr cky lqj{kk ls tqM+s eqíksa ij dke djus okyk ^fQV laLFkku* rF;ksa
dh rLnhd djus ds fy, cky O;kikj dh lacafèkr ?kVuk dh tkap dj ldrk gS rkfd ekeys dks iqfyl dh tkudkjh
esa ykus ;k cPps dks cpkus dh dkjZokbZ dh tk ldsA ;kn j[ksa fd bl rjg dh 'kq#vkrh tkap&iM+rky ls vijkèkh
pkSdl Hkh gks ldrs gSaA 'kq#vkrh tkap dk QSlyk bl le> ij Hkh vkèkkfjr gksuk pkfg, fd ;g dke cgqr tYnh
iwjk gksuk gS D;ksafd vkidh rjQ ls nsjh gksus ij cPps dks vkSj T+;knk uqdlku igqap ldrk gSA
 csgrj gksxk fd vki [+kqn lekukarj fofèk fØ;kUo;u ,oa lkekftd lqj{kk O;oLFkk ds :i esa dke djus dh ctk;
vfèkÑr laLFkkuksa@lajpukvksa ds lkFk feydj dke djsaA è;ku j[ksa fd ,d xSj ljdkjh laxBu ;k mlesa dke djus
okys O;fDr;ksa ds ikl fdlh Hkh vU; lkèkkj.k ukxfjd ds eqdkcys dksbZ fo'ks"k vfèkdkj ugha gksrs gSa ftuds vkèkkj ij
og d+kuwuh dkjZokbZ dj ldsaA
 fdlh Hkh cpko dk;Z esa iqfyl lgk;rk ysuk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA bl ckr dks ,d ckj fQj nksgjk nsa fd cPps dks

27
tkap&iM+rky@tkap fjiksVZ@cpko dk;ks± esa layXu xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ds fy,
pSdfyLV
cukZMZ ckW;VkWu }kjk fyf[kr ß,u ,uthvkst+ izSfDVdy xkbM bu fn QkbV vxsaLV pkbYM VªSfQ+fdaxÞ] Vsjs Msl gksEl] cky
vfèkdkj foHkkx] ys eksars&lqj&ykslkus] Qjojh 1999 ij vkèkkfjr %
1- cPps ds lkeus ekStwnk ;k laHkkfor tksf[keksa dk ewY;kadu djuk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA bl fo"k; esa tkap&iM+rky@
tkap fjiksVZ@cpko vkfn djus okys fdlh Hkh ,uthvks vkSj bl izfØ;k esa 'kkfey gksus okys lgHkkfx;ksa ¼O;fDr;ksa]
laxBuksa] vkfn½ ds fy, ;g ewY;kadu cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA dbZ ckj VªSfQ+fdax dh okLrfod ?kVuk ls è;ku gVkus ds
fy, x+yr tkudkfj;ka Hkh QS+ykbZ tkrh gSaA nwljh vksj] tkap ,oa cpko dk;ks± esa yxs yksxksa ds lkeus >wBs vkjksiksa
dk Hkh [+krjk jgrk gSA
2- lcwr tqVkus ds fy, dHkh Hkh VªSfQ+dj dk Hks"k èkj dj dke u djsa ¼gks ldrk gS fd fdlh ,uthvks ds izfrfufèk
dks yxs fd og cPps dks [+kjhnus ds bPNqd xzkgd dk Lokax Hkj dj t+:jh lcwr tqVk ldrk gSA ysfdu ;g
dksf'k'k cM+h vklkuh ls mlds f[+kykQ+ Hkh tk ldrh gS vkSj mls ckn esa [+kqn ;g lkfcr djuk iM+ ldrk gS fd
og vijkèkh ugha gS cfYd mlus rks flQ+Z lcwr tqVkus ds fy, ;g Lokax jpk Fkk½A
3- vxj vki vijkfèk;ksa dk ihNk djuk pkgrs gSa ;k 'kq#vkrh tkap ds fy, fdlh lkSns dk irk yxkuk pkgrs gSa rks
de ls de nks ;k mlls T+;knk O;fDr;ksa dks feydj dke djuk pkfg,A vxj laHko gks rks ,sls yksxksa ;k lewgksa
dh Hkh igpku djsa ftUgsa vki tkap&iM+rky@r¶+rh'k@cpko dk;ks± esa 'kkfey dj ldrs gSa ;k ftuds lgkjs vki
cPps dks cpkus o vijkfèk;ksa dks lt+k fnykus ds fy, d+kuwuh dkjZokbZ esa enn ns ldrs gSaA
4- tgka dgha Hkh cPps] mlds ifjokj okyksa] fj'rsnkjksa] nksLrksa] eksgYys ds yksxksa rd igqapuk laHko gks ogka fdlh Hkh
rjg dh tkudkfj;ka bdëk djus ds fy, cgqr lkoèkkuh ls flQ+Z ,sls loky iwNsa ftuls yksx Hk;Hkhr ;k vkrafdr
eglwl u djsaA
5- bl ckr dk Hkh ewY;kadu djsa fd cPps ds lkeus Hkkoh ;a=.kk dh fdruh vk'kadk gSA ihfM+r cPps dk fo'okl o
lkFk gkfly djus ds jpukRed rjhds <wa<saA
6- cPps dh igpku xqIr j[kuk cgqr t+:jh gSA mldh rLohj] fofM;ks] Vsi fjdkfM±x vkfn u djsa vkSj fdlh Hkh lwjr
esa bl fl)kar dk mYya?ku u djsa D;ksafd blls vkxs pydj cPps dk thou [+krjs esa iM+ ldrk gSA
7- bl ckr ds fy, rS;kj jgsa fd cPps dks ?kVukLFky ls Q+kSju nwj ys tkuk vkSj mls VªkWek dkmalfyax miyCèk
djkuk cgqr t+:jh gSA
8- lacafèkr yksxksa ¼cPpk] vkjksih vijkèkh] cPps dk ifjokj] og ekgkSy tgka cPps dks can djds j[kk x;k Fkk vkfn½
ds uke@irs@igpku dh nksckjk iqf"V djds vc rd feyh tkudkfj;ksa vkSj VªSfQ+fdax ls lacafèkr rF;ksa dh
fo'oluh;rk dk irk yxk,aA ysfdu bldk ;g eryc Hkh ugha gS fd vki ml ekeys ds ckjs esa dksbZ fu"d"kZ ;k
QSlyk fudky dj cSB tk,aA
cpkus ;k cjken dj ysus ds ckn iqfyl] pkbYM ykbu] xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa] lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj tufgr esa
dke djus okys fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh ;s ft+Eesnkjh gksrh gS fd og 24 ?kaVs ds Hkhrj ml cPps dks lhMCY;wlh ds lkeus
gkft+j djsA bl nkSjku lacafèkr ^fQV O;fDr*@^fQV laLFkku* 'kq#vkrh r¶+rh'k dj ldrs gSaA cPps dks lhMCY;wlh ds
lkeus gkft+j djus ds ckn tks Hkh tkap&iM+rky gksxh og lhMCY;wlh ds funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj gksxhA
 bl ckr dk è;ku j[ksa fd ihfM+r cPps dks fdlh Fkkus esa jkr dks drbZ u #duk iM+sA cpko ds ckn mls fdlh
lqjf{kr vkSj vPNh txg ij j[kk tkuk pkfg,A izFke Js.kh tqMhf'k;y eftLVªsV ds lkeus cPps dk c;ku ntZ djokus
esa drbZ nsjh ugha gksuh pkfg,A ;kn j[ksa fd cPpk ,d ihfM+r gS u fd dksbZ vijkèkh blfy, mls Fkkus esa j[kus dh
ctk; fdlh lgh vkSj lEekutud ekgkSy esa gh j[kk tkuk pkfg,A
vPNs laj{k.k esa vkSj lqjf{kr LFkku ij jguk izR;sd cPps dk vfèkdkj gSA blfy, ;g cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS fd dksbZ Hkh cPpk
cjkenxh ds ckn jkr dks Fkkus esa u jgsA
;kn j[ksa] cky O;kikj ls ihfM+r cPpksa dks eka&cki ds lkFk jgus ij fdlh rjg ds uqdlku ;k d"V dh vk'kadk gks ldrh
gSA cPps dks muds ikl ugha NksM+k tk ldrk gSA iqfyl ij bl ckr ds fy, ncko Mkysa fd os cPps dh cjkenxh dh
lwpuk lhMCY;wlh ds fdlh lnL; dks nsa ;k fdlh Hkh izFke Js.kh tqMhf'k;y eftLVªsV dks Q+kSju lwfpr djsa rkfd cPps
dks cky U;k; d+kuwu ds varxZr pyk, tk jgs fdlh cky x`g esa Hkstk tk ldsA blds ckn cPps dks tYnh ls tYnh
lhMCY;wlh ds lkeus is'k dj nsuk pkfg,A ,sls cPpksa dks eak&cki dks lkSaiuk lhMCY;wlh dk dke gS] iqfyl ;k fdlh vU;
laLFkk dk ughaA tg¡k lhMCY;wlh miyC/k ugha gS ogk¡ izFke Js.kh twMhf'k;y eftLVªsV bl ekeys esa ;g fu.kZ; ysrs gSaA

28
vfHk;kstu i{k dks enn nsuk
1- fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa dks NksM+dj vkSj lHkh fLFkfr;ksa esa ihfM+r dh vksj ls [+kqn dkjZokbZ djus dh ctk; ihfM+rksa dks
fofèklEer rjhds ls lgk;rk nsa ;k mudk izfrfufèkRo djsa %
& tc ihfM+rksa ds ikl viuk cpko djus ds fy, dksbZ d+kuwuh ¼;k vkfFkZd½ rkd+r ugha gksrh
& tc mudh lqj{kk dks [+krjk gks ¼rkRdkfyd ;k yacs nkSj esa½
& tc ihfM+r ¼;k muds ifjokj½ vkils ,slk djus ds fy, vkxzg djsa
& tc tkap ds dkj.k ihfM+rksa dh lqj{kk [+krjs esa iM+ ldrh gksA
2- vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls xokg cuus ij t+ksj nsa vkSj tgka rd gks lds vfHk;kstu i{k dks enn nsaA
3- bl ckr dk irk yxk,a fd vc rd D;k fd;k tk pqdk gSA elyu] D;k fdlh ds c;ku ntZ fd, x, gSa]
f'kdk;rsa ntZ djkbZ xbZ gSa] D;k feyrs&tqyrs ;k oSls gh ekeyksa esa igys Hkh vijkfèk;ksa dks lt+k nh tk pqdh gS
¼fdlds }kjk] fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vkSj fdlds vkxzg ij½ d+kuwuh lykg vkSj lgk;rk ds fy, fdlh odhy ls
laidZ djsaA
4- irk yxk,a fd rF;ksa dks lkfcr djus esa fo'oluh; <ax ls dkSu vkidh enn dj ldrk gS vkaf'kd ;k iw.kZ
tokch tkap esa dkSu fgLlk ys ldrk gS
5- bl ckr dk ewY;kadu djsa fd izR;sd eq[kfcj vkSj@;k xokg dks c;ku nsus ;k vius c;ku ls eqdjus ds fy, dkSu
ls futh fgr@vfgr izsfjr dj jgs gSaA
6- vdlj ,slk gksrk gS fd eqdnek yack f[kapus ij xokg mlesa fgLlk ysus ls drjkus yxrs gSaA ,sls tksf[keksa dh
laHkkouk dk ewY;kadu djuk Hkh cgqr egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA
7- bl rjg ls vkxs c<+sa fd xokg ds ikl vU; xokgksa ds uke vkSj vU; pht+ksa ds ckjs esa de ls de tkudkjh gksA
8- bl ckr dk vkdyu dj ysa fd yacs nkSj esa vkSj Hkjkslsean <ax ls cPps] mldh lqj{kk vkSj HkkSfrd ,oa euksoSKkfud
lgk;rk ds fy, Q+kWyksvi dkSu djsxkA vxj dksbZ ,uthvks ,slh lgk;rk ugha ns ldrk gS rks mu lgHkkxh laxBuksa
dks <wa<sa tks cPps ds fgrksa dks fujis{k izkFkfedrk nsuk pkgrs gSa ;k ns ldrs gSaA ns'k ds Hkhrj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj
ij ,sls laxBuksa dk usVodZ cukus dh dksf'k'k djsa tks cPpksa ds fgr esa dke djrs gSa D;ksafd ,sls cPps HkkSxksfyd
:i ls foLFkkiu dk Hkh f'kdkj gksrs gSa vkSj mUgsa vyx&vyx le; ij vyx&vyx txgksa esa enn o lsokvksa dh
t+:jr gksrh gSA
9- ftu pht+ksa ds vkèkkj ij vki ;s dguk pkgrs gSa fd ;g VªSfQ+fdax dk ekeyk gS] muds ckjs esa iwjh lVhdrk cjrsaA
txg dk fooj.k] rkjh[k] le;] la[;k] ogka ekStwn O;fDr;ksa dh jk"Vªh;rk vkSj fooj.k] mudh vuqekfur mez]
igukok] ihfM+rksa dh vkoktkgh esa bLrseky fd, x, okgu] ;k=k dh vofèk ¼fnu] jkr vkfn---½( ihfM+rksa ds lkFk gqbZ
;karz.kk] mUgsa fn;k x;k Hkkstu ,oa ihus dh pht+sa] vkfFkZd ysu&nsu vkfn ds ckjs esa reke C;kSjs ckjhdh ls ntZ dj
ysaA
10- gj pht+ fy[k dj j[ksaA ;g Hkh fy[krs tk,a fd fdu pht+ksa dh iqf"V gks pqdh gS vkSj dkSu lh ckrsa vankts ij
vkèkkfjr gSa] dkSu lh ckrsa ihfM+r }kjk crk;h xbZ gSa vkSj dkSu lh ckrsa fdlh vU; i{k }kjk fn, x, c;kuksa ij
vkèkkfjr gSa vkSj dkSu lh vQ+okgksa vkfn ls fudyh gSaA blls vkidks lkjh tkudkfj;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus] mu
{ks=ksa@eqíksa dk irk yxkus ftuds ckjs esa vkSj T+;knk tkudkfj;ksa dh t+:jr gS vkSj ,slk djus ds rjhds <wa<us esa
enn feysxhA fyf[kr fooj.kksa ls ckn esa tkap ds nkSjku dkQ+h enn feyrh gSA vijkfèk;ksa dks lt+k fnykus dh
izfØ;k esa Hkh xokg ds rkSj ij vkids fyf[kr fooj.k cgqr ennxkj lkfcr gksrs gSaA bl ckr dks ges'kk ;kn j[ksa
fd eqdnes ds nkSjku tkap djus okys dks Hkh ,d xokg ds rkSj ij cqyk;k tkrk gS ;k cqyk;k tk ldrk gSA blds
vykok] vkidh lwpuk,a cpko i{k ds odhy ds lkeus ftjg ds fy, Hkh j[kh tk ldrh gSaA
11- igyh gh fyf[kr fjiksVZ esa xokgksa vkSj ihfM+rksa ds uke t+kfgj u djsaA tc vki iqfyl ;k lhMCY;wlh ;k vnkyr ds
lkeus tkrs gSa rHkh yksxksa ds vlyh uke mtkxj djsaA
12- ekeys dks vkf[+kj rd tkjh j[kus ¼f'kdk;r@,Q+vkbZvkj@lcwr@ØkWl ,Xt+kfeus'ku@euksoSKkfud d+kuwuh
lgk;rk@ihfM+r cPps dk iquokZl vkSj iqu%,dhdj.k½ ds fy, rS;kj jgsa

31
d+kuwu dh tkudkjh D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gS
ns'k ds d+kuwu esa uhfr fuekZrkvksa dh lfnPNkvksa dh >yd feyrh gSA d+kuwu ls gesa bl ckjs esa lqj{kkRed vkSj naMkRed
izkoèkkuksa dk irk pyrk gS fd D;k pht+ d+kuwuh gS vkSj D;k xSjd+kuwuh gSA
fdlh d+kuwuh dkjZokbZ esa n[ky nsus ds fy, vljnkj vkSj l'kfDrdj.k djus okys lkèku ds :i esa d+kuwu ds Kku dk c[+kwch
bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA tks yksx d+kuwu dh le> j[krs gSa os balkQ ds fy, T+;knk csgrj <ax ls vkokt+ mBk ldrs
gSaA blds vykok] d+kuwu dh tkudkjh fofèk fØ;kUo;u izfØ;k dh fuxjkuh o ewY;kadu ds fy, rFkk d+kuwuh lqèkkjksa ij t+ksj
nsus ds fy, Hkh cgqr egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA
foèks;d] vfèkfu;e] d+kuwu vkSj fu;ekoyh esa Q+dZ+
foèks;d ,d ,slk nLrkost+ gksrk gS ftls dksbZ oSèkkfud laLFkk ;k ukxj lekt laxBu ,sls eqíksa ds ckjs esa rS;kj djrs
gSa ftlds ckjs esa d+kuwu cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A bl nLrkost+ esa ml visf{kr d+kuwu dk vkSfpR;] lekt dh O;kid fparkvksa
rFkk ,d Bksl d+kuwu dh :ijs[kk gksrh gSA tc foèks;d dks laln esa is'k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj lkalnkas dh cgl ds ckn
yksdlHkk o jkT;lHkk] nksuksa lnuksa ls mls ikfjr dj fn;k tkrk gS rks foèks;d dks eaT+kwjh ds fy, jk"Vªifr ds ikl Hkstk
tkrk gSA jk"Vªifr dh eaT+kwjh feyus ds ckn foèks;d vfèkfu;e dk :i ys ysrk gSA
vfèkfu;e ,d ,slk foèkku gksrk gS tks fdlh vkpj.k dh d+kuwuh oSèkrk lkfcr djrk gS vkSj vxj og vkpj.k ml vfèkfu;e
ds varxZr xSjd+kuwuh gS rks mlds fy, lt+k o tqekZus dk izkoèkku djrk gS vkSj vfèkfu;e ds fØ;kUo;u dh izfØ;k r; djrk gSA
d+kuwu dk vk'k; lkekU; :i ls fyf[kr vkpkj lafgrk ls gksrk gSA vke rkSj ij] ljdkj }kjk ikfjr fd, tkus okys
lHkh vfèkfu;eksa vkSj fu;ekofy;ksa ds leqPp; dks d+kuwu dgrs gSaA ut+hj ds :i esa bLrseky fd, tkus okys U;kf;d
QS+lys vkSj O;oLFkk,a Hkh d+kuwu dk fgLlk gksrh gSaA
fu;ekoyh fdlh Hkh d+kuwu dks ykxw djus ds fy, r; izfØ;k lacaèkh midj.kksa dk leqPp; gksrh gSA vkerkSj ij
izR;sd jkT; vius lekt dh [+kkfl;rksa vkSj vuwBsiu dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, dsanzh; vfèkfu;e dh fu;ekofy;ksa dk viuk
lewg lw=c) djrk gSA felky ds rkSj ij] cky U;k; vfèkfu;e ds varxZr cukbZ xbZ jkT; Lrjh; fu;ekofy;ksa ds chp
dbZ Q+dZ+ feyrs gSaA
cky O;kikj
ij d+kuwuh dkjZokbZ
d+kuwuh dkjZokbZ

32
laKs; vkSj xSj&laKs; vijkèk D;k gksrs gSa
laKs; vijkèk rqyukRed :i ls xaHkhj vijkèk gksrs gSaA ,sls vijkèkksa dks izFke lwpuk jftLVj ¼,Q+vkbZvkj½ esa
ntZ djuk vkSj mudh tkap djuk iqfyl dk vfuok;Z nkf;Ro gksrk gSA ;kuh] ;s ,sls vijkèk gksrs gSa ftuesa iqfyl
dkjZokbZ dh laHkkouk lkQ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA laKs; vijkèk ds flyflys esa iqfyl fdlh O;fDr dks fcuk okjaV ds Hkh
fxj¶+rkj dj ldrh gSA lHkh laKs; vijkèk vkijkfèkd izfØ;k lafgrk ¼lhvkjihlh½ dh igyh vuqlwph ;k ml le;
ykxw fdlh Hkh d+kuwu ds rgr xaHkhj vkijkfèkd ÑR; gksrs gSaA laKs; vijkèk dh f'kdk;r ntZ djkus okys dks izFke
lwpuk fjiksVZ ¼,Q+vkbZvkj½ dh ,d dkWih ikus dk vfèkdkj gksrk gSA
xSj&laKs; vijkèk ,sls vijkèk gksrs gSa ftuds ekeys esa iqfyl ds ikl ekeys dh tkap djus ;k eftLVªsV dh
btkt+r ds fcuk fdlh dks fxj¶+rkj djus dk vfèkdkj ugha gksrkA lkoZtfud :i ls minzo djuk] xkyh&xykSt
djuk] FkIiM+ ekjuk] ifjokj esa >xM+k ;k iM+ksfl;ksa ls >xM+k vkfn NksVh&eksVh ?kVuk,a xSj&laKs; vijkèkksa dh Js.kh esa
vkrh gSaA ,sls ekeyksa esa iqfyl xSj&laKs; f'kdk;r ntZ djrh gSA
xSj&laKs; vijkèk ds ekeys esa f'kdk;r djus okys dks dsoy ,d iphZ nh tkrh gS ftl ij ml xSj&laKs; f'kdk;r
dk iathdj.k uacj fy[kk gksrk gSA
t+ekurh vkSj xSj&t+ekurh vijkèk D;k gksrs gSa
laKs; vijkèk nks rjg ds gksrs gSa & t+ekurh vkSj xSj&t+ekurh
t+ekurh vijkèk ,sls vijkèk gksrs gSa ftuesa vkjksih dks Fkkus esa gh t+ekur ikus dk vfèkdkj gksrk gS c'krsZ og
iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa ds funsZ'kkuqlkj eqpydk vkSj@;k t+ekur jkf'k@nLrkost+ eqgS;k djk nsA
xSj&t+ekurh vijkèk os vijkèk gksrs gSa ftuesa t+ekur nsus dk vfèkdkj dsoy vnkyr ds ikl gksrk gSA ,sls
ekeys esa vijkèkh dks t+ekur ij NksM+us ;k u NksM+us dk vfèkdkj iwjh rjg vnkyr ds foosd ij fuHkZj djrk gS vkSj
vnkyr dks bl ckjs esa QS+lyk lqukrs gq, fyf[kr dkj.k crkus gksrs gSaA
vkijkfèkd izfØ;k lafgrk ¼lhvkjihlh½ dh igyh vuqlwph esa lHkh laKs;@xSj&laKs; vkSj t+ekurh@xSj&t+ekurh
vijkèkksa dh lwph nh xbZ gSA
fdlh fu;ekoyh vkSj vfèkfu;e ds izkoèkkuksa ds chp Vdjko dh fLFkfr esa vfèkfu;e ds
izkoèkkuksa dks loksZifj ekuk tkrk gSA laoSèkkfud izkoèkku lcls Åij gksrs gSaA
Hkkjr dk lafoèkku
vfèkfu;e U;kf;d izLFkkiuk,a
fu;ekoyh loksZPp U;k;ky;
mi&d+kuwu mPp U;k;ky;
d+kuwuh dkjZokbZ 'kq: djuk% izfØ;k lacaèkh d+kuwu
rFkk tkuus yk;d pht+sa
vijkèkksa dk oxhZdj.k
lHkh vijkèkksa dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gS %
 laKs; vkSj xSj&laKs; vijkèk
laKs; vkSj xSj&laKs; vijkèk nks rjg ds gks ldrs gSa %
 t+ekurh vkSj xSj&t+ekurh

33
f'kdk;r D;ks gSa
f'kdk;rsa nks rjg dh gksrh gSaA vxj ge d+kuwu dk lkFkZd <ax ls bLrseky djuk pkgrs gSa rks gesa nksuksa rjg dh
f'kdk;rksa ds chp Q+dZ+ vPNh rjg irk gksuk pkfg,A
1- tc ge 100 uacj ij Q+ksu djrs gSa vkSj fdlh nq?kZVuk@pksV dh fjiksVZ nsrs gSa ;k] tc ge ekSf[kd vFkok fyf[kr
:i ls iqfyl dks fdlh ?kVuk ;k {kfr ds ckjs esa lwfpr djrs gSa rks ge iqfyl ds ikl f'kdk;r ntZ djk jgs gksrs
gSaA bl rjg dh f'kdk;r ihfM+r@xzLr O;fDr Hkh ntZ djk ldrs gSa vkSj mldh vksj ls dksbZ nwljk O;fDr ;k dksbZ
p'enhn@izR;{kn'khZ Hkh ntZ djk ldrk gSA
 iqfyl dks vki Q+ksu ds t+fj, ;k O;fDrxr :i ls f'kdk;r ns ldrs gSaA O;fDrxr :i ls nh xbZ f'kdk;r
ekSf[kd ;k fyf[kr gks ldrh gSA vxj fyf[kr f'kdk;r nh xbZ gS rks f'kdk;r djus okyk viuh f'kdk;r dh
Q+ksVksdkWih vius ikl j[k ldrk gS vkSj mlds fy, iqfyl ls f'kdk;r uEcj ekax ldrk gSA
 dk;ns ls lHkh fyf[kr f'kdk;rsa ihfM+r@?kk;y O;fDr }kjk gh ntZ djk;h tkuh pkfg,aA ,slk blfy, gS D;ksafd
tc ,Q+vkbZvkj] pktZ'khV vkSj vU; nLrkost+ksa ds lkFk f'kdk;r dks vnkyr esa is'k fd;k tkrk gS rks mu
nLrkost+ksa esa mfYyf[kr rF;ksa dh fo'oluh;rk vkSj vU; leFkZd lk{; vkidk i{k vkSj et+cwr cuk nsrs gSaA
2- ge eftLVªsV ds ikl Hkh f'kdk;r ntZ djk ldrs gSaA njvly] gekjs ns'k dh vkijkfèkd izfØ;k lafgrk esa eftLVªsV
ds lkeus ntZ djkbZ xbZ f'kdk;r dks gh d+kuwuu f'kdk;r dh ekU;rk nh tkrh gSA bl rjg dh f'kdk;r fdlh
vijkèk ds ckjs esa ,d ljdkjh nLrkost+ dk :i ys ysrh gS ftls vnkyr esa is'k fd, tkus ij mlesa mfYyf[kr
vijkèk ds fy, fdlh O;fDr dks vkSipkfjd :i ls vijkèkh Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA
 ihfM+r@?kk;y O;fDr ;k mldh vksj ls dksbZ O;fDr eftLVªsV ds lkeus d+kuwuh f'kdk;r ns ldrk gSA
 dqN ekeyksa esa dsoy ihfM+r O;fDr gh eftLVªsV ds lkeus f'kdk;r ns ldrk gS ¼èkkjk 195] 198] 199 lhvkjihlh
ds varxZr vkus okyh f'kdk;rsa blh Js.kh esa vkrh gSa½A bl Js.kh esa yksd vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk foèkk;h izkfèkdkj
dh voekuuk( fookg ds fo#) vijkèk( rFkk voekuuk vkfn ekeys vkrs gSaA fookg ds fo#) vijkèk ds dqN
ekeyksa esa] tSls tc ihfM+r O;fDr ukckfyx gks ;k og ijL=hxeu ds vkjksih dh iRuh gks rks ihfM+r O;fDr ds
vfHkHkkod ;k fj'rsnkj ;k nksLr dh rjQ ls Hkh f'kdk;r ntZ djkbZ tk ldrh gSA
 vnkyr ds vkns'k ds fcuk iqfyl vfèkdkjh fdlh xSj&laKs; vijkèk dh tkap ugha dj ldrsA blfy,] lHkh
xSj&laKs; ekeyksa esa eftLVªsV ds le{k ,d d+kuwuh f'kdk;r ntZ djkuk t+:jh gksrk gSA
 laKs; ekeyksa esa iqfyl dks vfuok;Z :i ls ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djuh gksrh gSA vxj ,slk ugha gksrk gS rks
ihfM+r@?kk;y O;fDr ;k mldh vksj ls dksbZ Hkh O;fDr eftLVªsV ds ikl f'kdk;r ntZ djk ldrk gSA felky
ds rkSj ij] ;fn iqfyl cky O;kikj ls lacafèkr f'kdk;r ij ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ ugha djrh gS rks ihfM+r cPpk ;k
mldh vksj ls dksbZ O;fDr eftLVªsV ds le{k d+kuwuh f'kdk;r ntZ djok ldrk gSA
 eftLVªsV ds ikl f'kdk;r ntZ djkus ds fy, d+kuwuh lykg t+:j yh tkuh pkfg,A
jkst+ukepk ¼Msyh Mk;jh½ D;k gS
gj Fkkus esa ,d jkst+ukepk gksrk gSA bl jftLVj esa VsyhQ+ksu ds ekè;e ls] fyf[kr ;k ekSf[kd lHkh rjg dh f'kdk;rksa
dks ntZ fd;k tkrk gSA bl jftLVj dks gh LVs'ku Mk;jh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA f'kdk;r ntZ djkus okys dks MhMh uacj
¼Msyh Mk;jh ;k jkst+ukeps esa ntZ fd, x, ekeys dk jftLVªs'ku uacj½ t+:j iwN ysuk pkfg,A vxj vijkèk xSj&laKs;
fdLe dk gS rks f'kdk;r drkZ dks Msyh Mk;jh ,aVªh dh ,d izfr izkIr djus dk vfèkdkj gS ftl ij izHkkjh vfèkdkjh ds
gLrk{kj gksrs gSaA bl Msyh Mk;jh ,aVªh dh ,d izfr f'kdk;r drkZ dks fu%'kqYd feyuh pkfg,A laKs; vijkèk ds ekeys esa
iqfyl ds ikl ntZ djkbZ tk jgh f'kdk;r dks ,Q+vkbZvkj esa rCnhy fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj f'kdk;rdrkZ dks ,Q+vkbZvkj
dh ,d izfr iqfyl ls fu%'kqYd izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj gSA
vkijkfèkd izfØ;k lafgrk esa f'kdk;r dks bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS & ßeftLVªsV ds lkeus ekSf[kd ;k fyf[kr :i ls
yxk;k x;k dksbZ vkjksi ftlds t+fj, bl lafgrk ds varxZr eftLVªsV ls vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd og bl ckr ij mfpr dkjZokbZ
djsa fd Kkr ;k vKkr] fdlh O;fDr us dksbZ vijkèk fd;k gS ysfdu og ckr iqfyl fjdkWMZ esa ugha vk;h gSÞ ¼vuqPNsn 2¼Mh½½A

34
,Q+vkbZvkj D;k gksrh gS
fdlh laKs; vijkèk ds ckjs esa iqfyl dks feyus okyh igyh lwpuk gh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ¼QLVZ bUQ+kWesZ'ku fjiksVZ &
,Q+vkbZvkj½ gksrh gSA blh ds vkèkkj ij iqfyl vkxs dh tkap djrh gSA vkijkfèkd izfØ;k lafgrk ¼lhvkjihlh½ dh èkkjk
154 ds vuqlkj iqfyl ds ikl vkus okyh vkijkfèkd f'kdk;r dks Fkkus dk izHkkjh vfèkdkjh fy[k dj ntZ dj ysrk gSA
bl èkkjk esa izkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd tc Hkh dksbZ ukxfjd iqfyl dks lwfpr djrk gS ;k iqfyl dks fdlh laKs; vijkèk
dh ?kVuk ds ckjs esa irk pyrk gS rks Fkkuk çHkkjh ¼,l,pvks½ dks mlds ckjs esa ,d izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ¼,Q+vkbZvkj½ ntZ
djuh gksxh vkSj ogha ls vkijkfèkd tkap 'kq: gks tk,xhA1
,Q+vkbZvkj dsoy laKs; vijkèkksa esa gh ntZ djkbZ tkrh gSA dsl 'kq: djus vkSj mldks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, ,Q+vkbZvkj
lcls igyk dne gksrh gSA
1 oekZ] vjfoan] fjiksfVZax , Økbe] tuojh 2004, http://www.indiatogether.org/2004/jan/gov-policefir.htm
lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 154 % laKs; ekeyksa dh lwpuk
¼1½ fdlh Hkh laKs; vijkèk ls lacafèkr dksbZ Hkh lwpuk vxj Fkkus ds izHkkjh vfèkdkjh dks ekSf[kd :i ls nh tkrh gS rks
mldh ft+Eesnkjh gS fd og mls [+kqn ;k vius funsZ'kkuqlkj fyf[kr :i esa ntZ djk, vkSj blds ckn ml tkudkjh dks
f'kdk;rdrkZ ;k lwpuk ykus okys O;fDr dks i<+dj lquk;k tk,A ,slh izR;sd lwpuk tks pkgs fyf[kr :i esa nh xbZ gks
;k mijksDr fofèk ls fy[kh xbZ gks] ml ij lwpuk nsus okys O;fDr ds gLrk{kj t:j djk,a tk,axs vkSj ml lwpuk dh
varoZLrq dks ml vfèkdkjh }kjk ml iqfLrdk esa ntZ djuk gksxk ftldh jkT; ljdkj us bl fo"k; esa flQkfj'k dh gksxhA
¼2½ mièkkjk ¼1½ ds varxZr ntZ dh xbZ lwpuk dh ,d izfr lwpuk iznku djus okys dks fu%'kqYd nh tk,xhA
¼3½ vxj Fkkus dk izHkkjh vfèkdkjh mièkkjk ¼1½ esa mfYyf[kr lwpuk dks ntZ djus ls budkj djrk gS rks lwpuk ykus okyk
O;fDr viuh lwpuk dks fy[kdj Mkd ds ekè;e ls lacafèkr bykds ds iqfyl lqifjUVsaMsaV dks Hkst ldrk gSA vxj iqfyl
lqifjUVsaMsaV dks fo'okl gS fd ml lwpuk esa fdlh laKs; vijkèk dh lwpuk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS rks ;k rks og mldh [+kqn tkap
djsxk ;k vius vèkhuLFk fdlh iqfyl vfèkdkjh dks mldh tkap dk vkns'k nsxkA ;g tkap bl lafgrk esa crk;h xbZ
i)fr ls dh tk,xh rFkk lacafèkr tkap vfèkdkjh dks ml vijkèk ds lacaèk esa os 'kfDr;ka izkIr gksaxh tk ,d Fkkus ds
vfèkdkjh dks izkIr lHkh 'kfDr;ka izkIr gksaxhA
Fkkus dh nSfud dkjZokb;ksa dh Mk;jh dks Msyh Mk;jh ¼jkst+ukepk½ dgk tkrk gSA izHkkjh vfèkdkjh iwjs fnu esa Fkkus esa vkus
okys lHkh ekeyksa dks jkst+ukeps esa ntZ djrk gS vkSj gj ekeys dks ,d iathdj.k la[;k nsrk gS ftlds vkèkkj ij vkxs
mudk ft+Ø fd;k tkrk gSA
M~;wVh ij rSukr iqfyl vfèkdkjh dks jkst+ukepk esa lacafèkr ekeys ls tqM+s rF;ksa dks la{ksi esa fy[kuk gksrk gSA felky ds rkSj
ij] og geykoj ;k vkjksih dk uke] xokgksa ds uke vkSj bLrseky fd, x, gfFk;kjksa vkfn dk C;kSjk ntZ dj ldrk gSA
vyx&vyx vijkèkksa ds fglkc ls Fkkus esa dbZ jkst+ukeps gks ldrs gSaA tSls] vkbZihlh vijkèkksa dk jftLVj] vU; oSèkkfud
d+kuwuksa ds rgr gksus okys vijkèkksa dk jftLVj] LFkkuh; vkSj fo'ks"k d+kuwuksa ds rgr gksus okys vijkèkksa dk jftLVj vkfnA
vkbZihlh vijkèkksa ds jftLVj esa vigj.k] pksV] cykRdkj] gR;k vkfn vijkèkksa ds fy, vyx&vyx Mk;fj;ka vkSj izfof"V;ka
Hkh gks ldrh gSaA
iqfyl dks nh xbZ f'kdk;r vkSj ,Q+vkbZvkj ds chp lacaèk
iqfyl dks nh xbZ f'kdk;r vius vki esa fdlh vijkèk ds vkjksi dk i;kZIr nLrkost+h lcwr ugha gksrh D;ksafd mlesa laKs;
vkjksiksa dk ftØ ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
blhfy, fdlh laKs; vkSj t+ekur ;ksX; ;k xSj&t+ekurh vijkèk ls lacafèkr f'kdk;r dks ,Q+vkbZvkj esa t+:j rCnhy
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

35
dqynhi flag cuke jkT;] 1994] lhvkj-,y-ts- 2502 ¼fnYyh½
tc iqfyl dks fdlh laKs; vijkèk ds ?kVus dh lwpuk nh tkrh gS rks mlds ikl ekeys dks ntZ djus vkSj lafgrk ds
vè;k; 12 ds izkoèkkuksa ds varxZr ekeys dh tkap vkxs c<+kus ds vykok vkSj dksbZ fodYi ugha gksrkA lafgrk dh èkkjk
157 ¼1½ esa fn, x, rdks± ds vkèkkj ij iqfyl tkap u djus dk fu.kZ; Hkh ys ldrh gSA ysfdu] iqfyl dks fdlh laKs;
vijkèk ds ckjs esa lwpuk feyus ij ekeyk ntZ djus ls budkj djus dk dksbZ vfèkdkj ugha gksrkA iqfyl ekeys dks ntZ
fd, fcuk tkap djds ;g Hkh ugha dg ldrh fd bl tkap ds vkèkkj ij ekeys dks ntZ djus dh vko';drk ugha gSA
vxj ;g r; djuk iqfyl dk vfèkdkj gksrk fd fdl ekeys esa iqfyl laKs; vijkèk dks ntZ djus ls igys izkjafHkd
tkap djsxh vkSj mlds vkèkkj ij dsl dks ntZ djus ;k u djus dk QS+lyk ysxh rks vijkèk dh lwpuk dks ntZ djkus
esa fuf'pr :i ls nsjh gksxh vkSj bl chp dbZ HkkSfrd lk{; x+k;c gks ldrs gSaA U;k;ikfydk lfgr ;g O;oLFkk dh
lHkh 'kk[kkvksa dk nkf;Ro gS fd os lHkh ukxfjdksa ds ekuokfèkdkjksa dh j{kk djsaA blfy, vijkèk dks 'kh?kz ntZ djkus vkSj
U;k;ikfydk ds t+fj, iqfyl ij fu;a=.k ds izkoèkku fd, tkus pkfg,aA vxj fdlh ekeys dks ntZ djus ;k u djus dk
vfèkdkj dsoy iqfyl ds gkFk esa lkSai fn;k tk,xk rks u dsoy ekuokfèkdkjksa dh mis{kk gksxh cfYd vijkèkksa dh jksdFkke
esa Hkh ijs'kkuh iSnk gksxhA
eqUuk yky cuke fgekpy izns'k ljdkj ,oa vU;] 1999 lhvkj-,y-ts-
1558 ¼fgekpy izn'k½
,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus ds ckjs esa d+kuwuh izkoèkku cgqr lkQ gSA tc ;kfpdkdrkZ iqfyl ds ikl x;k--- vkSj mlus bl
;kfpdk esa fn, x, rF; iqfyl dh tkudkjh esa yk fn, vkSj ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djus dk vkxzg fd;k rks iqfyl ds ikl
mls ntZ djus vkSj Q+kSju tkap 'kq: djus ds vykok dksbZ fodYi ugha FkkA ;g vyx ckr gS fd tkap djus ds ckn
iqfyl bl urhts ij igqap ldrh gS fd dksbZ vijkèk ugha gqvk gS vkSj bl vkèkkj ij og ,Q+vkbZvkj dks fujLr djus
dk vkxzg djrs gq, vnkyr esa viuh fjiksVZ tek djk ldrh gSA tkap djus vkSj ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djus dh ctk; fdlh
vijkèk ds gksus ;k u gksus ds ckjs esa jk; cuk ysus dk rjhdk d+kuwu ds fglkc ls vutkuk gSA
,Q+vkbZvkj dk egRo vkSj izklafxdrk D;k gS
,Q+vkbZvkj dk O;kogkfjd egRo cgqr T+;knk gksrk gS D;ksafd mlesa 'kq#vkrh pj.k
ls gh lwpuk,a ntZ gksrh gSa ftl le; f'kdk;r ntZ djkus okyksa dh ;knnk'r cgqr
Li"V vkSj lkQ gksrh gSA ysfdu vdlj ,slk gksrk gS fd cky O;kikj ds ekeys esa
VªSfQ+fdax dh okLrfod ?kVuk vkSj ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus ds chp dkQ+h le; xqt+j
pqdk gksrk gSA blds ckotwn ,Q+vkbZvkj ds egRo esa deh ugha vkrh D;ksafd %
 ,Q+vkbZvkj fdlh vkijkfèkd eqdnes esa is'k fd, tkus okys lcwrksa dh
iqf"V ds fy, dqN csgn ewY;oku vkSj egRoiw.kZ lwpuk,a eqgS;k djkrh gSA
 ;g ml ?kVuk dk igyk fooj.k gksrk gS vkSj blfy, egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA mlh ls irk pyrk gS fd tkap dgka
ls 'kq: gqbZ Fkh vkSj ekeys dk ewy fooj.k D;k FkkA
,Q+vkbZvkj dkSu ntZ djok ldrk gS2
dksbZ ihfM+r O;fDr ;k mldh vksj ls dksbZ vU; O;fDrA
dksbZ Hkh ,slk O;fDr tks ¼d½ ,d izR;{kn'khZ ds :i esa rFkk ¼[k½ vuqJqfr ds :i esa vijkèk ls voxr gSA
2 http://www.kiranbedi.com/feature.htm
ßeqdnes esa ekSf[kd
lcwrksa dh iqf"V
vfuok;Z gksrh gSAÞ
¼vkWy bafM;k fjiksVZj] 1973( lqizhe dksVZ
501½
vxj f'kdk;rdrkZ fy[kuk&i<+uk ugha tkurs gS rks os ekSf[kd f'kdk;r Hkh ntZ djok ldrs gSaA mudh rjQ ls
iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks f'kdk;r fy[kuh gksrh gSA ,slh f'kdk;r dks i<+ dj lquk;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj vxj f'kdk;rdrkZ
dks dksbZ ckr le> esa ugha vk jgh gS rks mldh O;k[;k dh tkuh pkfg,A vxj f'kdk;r lgh <ax ls ntZ gqbZ gS rks
f'kdk;rdrkZ ml ij vius vaxwBs dk fu'kku yxk ldrk gSA f'kdk;rdrkZ dks fdlh xyr f'kdk;r ij nLr[r ;k
vaxwBs dk fu'kku ugha yxkuk pkfg,A mls bl ckr ij vM+s jguk pkfg, fd mldh f'kdk;r lgh <ax ls ntZ dh tk,A
f'kdk;r gh ,QvkbZvkj dk lcls egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gksrh gSA
Source: The Police And You, Our Laws, Multiple Action Research Group (MARG), 1992

36
lqus&lquk;s fooj.k ij vkèkkfjr ,Q+vkbZvkj ds ekeys esa fjiksVZ ntZ djkus okys O;fDr dks c;ku ds uhps viuk gLrk{kj
djuk gksrk gS vkSj lwpuk ds óksr dk mYys[k djuk gksrk gS rkfd og tkudkjh xSj&ft+Eesnkjkuk vQ+okg dk :i u ys ysA
;kn j[ksa % iqfyl ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djus ls budkj ugha dj ldrhA
D;k fdlh lwjr esa VsyhQ+ksu dkWy Hkh ,Q+vkbZvkj dk :i ys ldrh gS
th gka] 100 uacj ij Q+ksu djds dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djok ldrk gSA 100 uacj ij fdl txg ls Q+ksu
fd;k x;k gS] ml txg dk uke iqfyl eq[;ky; esa vk tkrk gS vkSj ml txg ls lcls ut+nhdh iqfyl Fkkus ds chV
dkaLVscy dks bl ckjs esa izkjafHkd tkap dk ft+Eek lkSai fn;k tkrk gSA blds ckn vxj ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd og ekeyk
laKs; vijkèk dh Js.kh esa vkrk gS rks M~;wVh vkWfQlj ml ekeys dks ntZ dj ldrk gSA ysfdu bldk ;g eryc ugha gS
fd fdlh Hkh vLi"V ;k xyr&lyr tkudkjh dks ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djus ds fy, t+:jh lwpuk eku fy;k tk,xkA
fdlh laKs; vijkèk ls lacafèkr gj VsyhQksu }kjk nh xbZ lwpuk dks ,Q+vkbZvkj ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tk ldrkA og dkWy
ßizFke lwpukÞ dk óksr gS ;k ugha] ;g eksVs rkSj ij rF;kRed ckr gksrh gS tks gjsd ekeys ds gkykr ds vkèkkj ij vyx
<ax ls r; gksrh gSA
,Q+vkbZvkj dkSu fy[k@ntZ dj ldrk gS3
f'kdk;rdrkZ ,Q+vkbZvkj ugha fy[k ldrkA ,Q+vkbZvkj ges'kk Fkkus ds izHkkjh vfèkdkjh }kjk gh fy[kh tkrh gSA
ekSds ij ekStwn Fkkus dk lcls ofj"B iqfyl vfèkdkjh LVs'ku gkml vkWfQlj ;kuh ,l,pvks ;k mldk dksbZ vèkhuLFk
vfèkdkjh tks dkaLVscy ls Åij ds in dk gks] og izHkkjh vfèkdkjh ;k M~;wVh vkWfQlj gksrk gSA vxj ,l,pvks baLisDVj
ekStwn ugha gS rks lc&baLisDVj ;k gSM&dkaLVscy izHkkjh vfèkdkjh gksrk gS gh f'kdk;r Lohdkj djsxk ;k ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ
djsxk ¼èkkjk 2 vkijkfèkd izfØ;k lafgrk½A
Fkkus ds izHkkjh vfèkdkjh ls Åaps in ds iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa ds ikl Hkh ;g vfèkdkj gksrk gSA
dbZ ckj ,slk gksrk gS fd lwpuk nsus okyk bykds esa x'r ij fudys fdlh iqfyl vfèkdkjh ;k LFkkuh; iqfyl pkSdh ds
izHkkjh dks dksbZ tkudkjh ns nsrk gSA t+kfgj gS fd Fkkus ds vfèkdkjh ml LFkku ds izHkkjh vfèkdkjh ugha gksrs blfy, mUgsa nh
xbZ bl rjg dh lwpuk dks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dh Js.kh esa ugha j[kk tkrk gSA ;s vfèkdkjh lwpuk nsus okys dk c;ku ntZ
djrs gSa vkSj mls ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus ds fy, iqfyl Fkkus ds ,l,pvks ds ikl Hkst nsrs gSaA ysfdu bl rjg ds c;ku
Hkh egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa D;ksafd Hkkjrh; lk{; vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 157 ds rgr vnkyr esa is'k fd, tk ldrs gSaA
,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus ds ekeys esa U;k;kfèkdkj ,d egRoiw.kZ igyw gksrk gSA dksbZ Hkh f'kdk;r fdlh Hkh Fkkus esa ntZ
3 oghA
,l,pvks viuh tkudkjh ;k Kku ds vkèkkj ij fuEufyf[kr ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa [+kqn ekeyk ntZ dj ldrk gS %
èkkjk 156 ¼3½] vkijkfèkd izfØ;k lafgrk ds varxZr eftLVªsV ds vkns'k ij tc f'kdk;r izHkkjh vfèkdkjh dks Hksth
xbZ gksA vxj lwpuk dsoy lquh&lquk;h ckrksa ij vkèkkfjr gS rks ,l,pvks dks dsoy rHkh ekeyk ntZ djuk
pkfg, tc ml tkudkjh dks ykus okyk O;fDr f'kdk;r ij viuk nLr[r djus dks rS;kj gks vkSj og lwpuk dk
óksr Hkh crk, rkfd ;g tkudkjh xSj&ft+Eesnkjkuk vQ+okg dk :i u ys ldsA tks lwpuk vki ntZ djkuk pkgrs
gSa og fuf'pr gksuh pkfg,] vLi"V u gks] fo'oluh; gks] fujkèkkj u gks] xi&'ki ;k vQ+okg u gks] mlds vkèkkj
ij ,d Li"V laKs; ?kVuk curh gksA
vxj fdlh Fkkus ds ,l,pvks dks feyh lwpuk fdlh vU; iqfyl vfèkdkjh ls feys lans'k ij vkèkkfjr gS vkSj
,l,pvks us bl ckr dh tkap dj yh gS fd tks lans'k mls Hkstk x;k Fkk og fdlh vijkèk dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk
fooj.k Fkk ftlds pyrs lwpuk izkIr djus okyk iqfyl vfèkdkjh tkap 'kq: dj ldrk gS ¼txnh'k ,oa vU; cuke
eè; izns'k ljdkj] 1992 lhvkj-,y-ts- 1981 ¼eè; izns'k½ ½A
fpfdRldh; izek.k i= ;k fdlh MkWDVj dh fjiksVZ feyus ij ,l,pvks dks ;g tkudkjh jkst+ukeps esa ntZ djus
ds ckn vLirky tkdj ?kk;y O;fDr dk foLr`r c;ku ysuk gksrk gS rkfd ,Q+vkbZvkj fy[kh tk ldsA

37
djkbZ tk ldrh gSA vxj ml Fkkus ds U;k;kf/kdkj ds ckgj dk ekeyk gS] rc Hkh og Fkkuk ,Q+vkbZvkj djus ls bUdkj
ugha dj ldrk( mls thjks ,Q+vkbZvkj djuh gh gksxhA bl rjg dks t+hjks ,Q+vkbZvkj blfy, dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd
U;k;kf/kdkj dh iqf"V gksus ij mijksDr Fkkus esa t+hjks ,Q+vkbZvkj Vªk¡LQj dj nh tkrh gS vkSj rc ml ij lgh ,Q+vkbZvkj
ua- Mkyk tkrk gS ;k fQj f'kdk;rdrkZ ,d Fkkus ls nwljs Fkkus ds pDdj yxkrk jg tkrk gSA ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus ds
ckn] ftl Fkkus esa ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkbZ xbZ gS og Fkkuk ml ,Q+vkbZvkj dks tkap ds fy, ml iqfyl Fkkus esa Hkst nsrk
gS ftlds U;k;kfèkdkj esa og ekeyk vkrk gSA ysfdu] vkerkSj ij fdlh Fkkus dk izHkkjh vfèkdkjh dsoy rHkh ,Q+vkbZvkj
fy[krk gS tc dksbZ laKs; vijkèk mlds Fkkus ds U;k;kfèkdkj {ks= esa gh ?kfVr gqvk gksA
,Q+vkbZvkj dk izk:i4
cqd ua------------------------------
QkWeZ la[;k 24-5 ¼1½
izFke lwpuk fjiksV
vkijkfèkd naM lafgrk dh èkkjk 154 ds varxZr fjiksVZ fd, x, laKs; vijkèk dh izFke lwpuk
iqfyl Fkkuk----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ft+yk -------------------------------------------------------------- Øekad -----------------------------------
?kVuk dh rkjh[k vkSj le;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- lwpuk izkfIr dh rkjh[k vkSj le;
2- lwpuk nsus okys vkSj f'kdk;rdrkZ
dk uke o irk
3- okjnkr dk laf{kIr C;kSjk ¼èkkjk lfgr½ vkSj
vxj dksbZ ekyh uqdlku gqvk gks rks mldk C;kSjk
4- okjnkr dk LFkku vkSj Fkkus ls mldh
nwjh o fn'kk
5- vijkèkh dk uke vkSj irk
6- tkap ds ckjs esa mBk, x, dne] lwpuk
fjdkWMZ djus esa nsjh dh otg
7- iqfyl Fkkus ls fMLiSp dh rkjh[k vkSj le;
gLrk{kj---------------------------------------------------
in------------------------------------------------------------
¼izFke lwpuk uhps ntZ dh tk,½
uksV % lwpuk ds vkf[+kj esa lwpuk nsus okys dk gLrk{kj ;k eqgj ;k vaxwBs dk fu'kku gksuk pkfg,A mlds ckn fuf'pr txg ij ,Q+vkbZvkj
fy[kus okys dk gLrk{kj gksuk pkfg,A
,Q+vkbZvkj ds cqfu;knh rRo D;k gksrs gSa
fjdkfM±x vkWfQ+lj rFkk f'kdk;rdrkZ dks ,Q+vkbZvkj fjdkWMZ@fjiksVZ djrs le; bu 11 ckrksa dk irk gksuk pkfg,5
%
1- f'kdk;rdrkZ D;k crkuk pkgrk@pkgrh gS
2- fdl gSfl;r ls
3- vijkèk fdlus fd;k gS
4 oghA
5 oghA

38
4- fdlds f[+kykQ+ vijkèk gqvk gS
5- dc ¼le;½
6- dgka ¼LFkku½
7- D;ksa ¼edln½
8- fdl rjg ¼okLrfod ?kVuk dk C;kSjk½
9- xokg
10- D;k x+k;c gqvk
11- vkjksih us D;k lqjkx NksM+s gSaA
ihfM+r dh fpfdRldh; tkap
1- fdlh cPps vkSj mldh ekufld n'kk dh fpfdRldh; tkap tYnh ls tYnh djk yh tkuh pkfg,A fdlh MkWDVj ds
}kjk ihfM+r dh tkap djok ysuk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA
2- cPps dks bl tkap dh izfØ;k vkSj t+:jr ls voxr djkrs gq, iwjh lkoèkkuh cjruh pkfg, vkSj mldh tkap djus okys
MkWDVj dk O;ogkj laosnu'khy gksuk pkfg,A
3- tkap djus okys iqfyl vfèkdkjh dks pkfg, fd og ihfM+r cPps dh fdlh MkWDVj ls leqfpr izdkj tkap djok,A
4- ;g MkWDVjh tkap fdlh ljdkjh vLirky ;k fdlh ,sls vLirky esa gksuh pkfg, ftls jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl dke ds
fy, mi;qDr ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA tgka ,slk laHko u gks ogka ihfM+r dks MkWDVjh tkap ds fy, fdlh Lora= MkWDVj
ds ikl ys tkuk pkfg,A Lora= MkWDVj }kjk cPps dh tkap ds ckn mldh esfMdy fjiksVZ dh ,d izfr iqfyl dks nh
tkuh pkfg,A
5- tc MkWDVj cPps dh tkap djrk gS rks cPps dks tkuus okyh dksbZ efgyk ;k cPps dh fo'oklik= efgyk ;k mlds ifjokj
dk dksbZ O;fDr ;k nksLr ;k lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ ;k ,uthvks dk dksbZ deZpkjh mlds lkFk t+:j gksuk pkfg,A
6- MkWDVj dks ihfM+r cPps dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld voLFkk dh fjiksVZ rS;kj djuh pkfg,A
7- ckn esa ;g fjiksVZ lcwr ds rkSj ij vnkyr esa is'k dh tk,xhA
;kn j[kus yk;d pht+sa---
 ,Q+vkbZvkj vLi"V vkSj vfuf'pr ugha gksuh pkfg,A mlesa fdlh laKs; vijkèk ls lacafèkr rF; gksus pkfg,a
rkfd iqfyl tkap 'kq: dj ldsA
 f'kdk;rdrkZ dks T+;knk ls T+;knk rF;ksa ds lkFk Fkkus esa tkuk pkfg, vkSj gks lds rks lkjs lacafèkr lcwr vkSj
nLrkost+ Hkh ys tkus pkfg,A
 Fkkus esa ;g lwpuk tujy Mk;jh ;k LVs'ku Mk;jh esa Hkh ntZ dh tkrh gS vkSj ,Q+vkbZvkj dks vnkyrh
fjdkWM~lZ ds fy, LFkkuh; eftLVªsV ds ikl Hkh izsf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA vxj lwpuk dks LVs'ku Mk;jh ls gVk
fn;k x;k gS rks blls eqdnes ij ykft+eh rkSj ij cqjk vlj ugha iM+sxk ysfdu vxj eqdnes ds nkSjku
,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus dh rkjh[k vkSj le; ij loky [kM+k fd;k tkrk gS rks dkQ+h Q+dZ+ iM+ ldrk gSA
 vxj ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus esa dksbZ foyac gqvk gS rks mldk Hkh ,Q+vkbZvkj esa t+:j mYys[k gksuk pkfg,A
 bl ekSds ij ;g è;ku esa j[kuk cgqr t+:jh gS fd vnkyrksa us ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus esa gq, foyac ij
è;ku fn;k gS vkSj gj ekeys esa rF;ksa vkSj gkykr ds vkèkkj ij viuh jk; nh gSA lwpuk ntZ djkus okys
O;fDr dh euksn'kk] [+kklrkSj ls cykRdkj ds ekeys esa ihfM+r dh fnekxh gkyr Hkh egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA
,slh lwjr esa dbZ fnuksa ds foyac dks Hkh vuns[kk fd;k tk ldrk gSA fdlh Hkh ekeys ds lHkh rF;ksa vkSj
gkykr ij fopkj djrs gq, ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus esa gq, foyac ds vlj ij t+:j fopkj fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A
 vxj iqfyl dks ekSf[kd f'kdk;r nh tkrh gS rks tks lwpuk ntZ dh xbZ gS mls f'kdk;rdrkZ@lwpuk nkrk
ds lkeus t+ksj ls i<+dj lquk;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk ml ij f'kdk;rdrkZ@lwpuk nkrk dk nLr[+kr djkuk
pkfg,A
 c;ku ;kuh ,Q+vkbZvkj dh ,d izfr f'kdk;rdrkZ@lwpuk nkrk dks fu%'kqYd nh tk,xhA ,slk djuk vfuok;Z gSA

39
;kSu nqjkpkj ds ekeys esa &
vxj ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djkus ds fy, vklikl dksbZ Fkkuk ugha gS rks Hkh cPps dks tYnh ls tYnh MkWDVjh tkap ds fy, fdlh
Lora= MkWDVj ds ikl ys tkuk pkfg,A
MkWDVj dks bu pht+ksa ij è;ku nsuk gksxk %
 D;k cPps dh ;ksfu@xqnk Hkkx ds Hkhrj ;k vklikl oh;Z ds va'k gSa
 D;k ;ksfu dh f>Yyh VwVh gqbZ gS
 D;k cPps ds 'kjhj ij [kky QVus] dVus] fNyus ;k jxM+ yxus ;k vkSj fdlh rjhds dh ckgjh pksV ds fu'kku
fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA
;kSu&nqjkpkj ds f'kdkj cPps dh MkWDVjh tkap&fjiksVZ esa bu lkjh ckrksa dk Li"V :i ls mYys[k gksuk pkfg,A
,Q+vkbZvkj ds ckn
xokgksa ls iwNrkN
,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ djus ds ckn iqfyl dks ekeys dh tkap djuh gksrh gSA viuh r¶+rh'k ds rgr os lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk
161 vkSj 162 ds rgr ihfM+r ds lkFk&lkFk xokgksa ls Hkh iwNrkN dj ldrs gSaA
lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 161 vkSj 162 ds eqrkfcd %
 tkap djus okyk iqfyl vfèkdkjh ,sls O;fDr ls ekSf[kd iwNrkN dj ldrk gS tks ekeys ds rF;ksa vkSj gkykr ls
ifjfpr gSA cPps dh enn djus okys ,uthvks ;k O;fDr;ksa ls Hkh xokgksa ds rkSj ij iwNrkN dh tk ldrh gSA
 ,sls O;fDr dks lHkh lokyksa dk lgh&lgh tokc nsuk gksxk flok; mu lokyksa ds] ftuds dkj.k og vkijkfèkd
vkjksi ;k lt+k dh pisV esa vk ldrk gSA
 iqfyl vfèkdkjh c;kuksa dks fyf[kr :i esa ntZ dj ldrk gSA tkap djus okys iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks izR;sd O;fDr ds
c;kuksa dk vyx ls vkSj okLrfod fjdkWMZ j[kuk t+:jh gSA
 ihfM+r lfgr fdlh Hkh xokg dks fyf[kr c;ku ij gLrk{kj djus dh t+:jr ugha gSA
lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 161 vkSj 162 ds rgr ntZ fd, x, c;ku lk{; ds :i esa Lohdk;Z ugha gksrs gSaA bldh otg ;s gS
fd bu c;kuksa dks iqfyl tkap ds rgr ntZ fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ihfM+r lfgr dksbZ Hkh xokg iqfyl ds }kjk iwNrkN ds
nkSjku ncko dk f'kdkj gks ldrk gSA ;g ,d dkj.k gS ftldh otg ls xokgksa dks lhvkjihlh dh bl èkkjk ds rgr
ntZ fd, x, c;ku ij nLr[+kr djus dh t+:jr ugha gksrhA ysfdu tc dksbZ esVªksiksfyVu eftLVªsV ;k U;kf;d eftLVsªV
xokgksa ds c;ku ntZ djrk gS rks ml fjdkWMZ dks eqdnes esa lk{; ds :i esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 164 ds rgr %
 dksbZ Hkh esVªksiksfyVu eftLVsªV ;k U;kf;d eftLVªsV tkap ds nkSjku vius lkeus fn, x, fdlh c;ku ;k bdckfy;k
c;ku dks ntZ dj ldrk gS ysfdu ;g dke tkap ;k eqdnek 'kq: gksus ls igys gh gksuk pkfg,A
 eftLVsªV ds lkeus fn;k x;k c;ku ;k bdckfy;k c;ku LoSfPNd gksrk gSA xokgksa ij bl ckr ds fy, dksbZ ncko ugha
gksuk pkfg, fd os ,slk dksbZ bdckfy;k c;ku nsa ftldk muds f[+kykQ+ lcwr ds rkSj ij bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk
gSA eftLVªsV dh ft+Eesnkjh gS fd og dksbZ Hkh c;ku ntZ djus ls igys xokgksa dks bl ckr ls vPNh rjg voxr djk
nsA QyLo:i] eftLVªsV dks pkfg, fd og dsoy LosPNk ls fn, x, bdckfy;k c;kuksa dks gh ntZ djsA
 esVªksiksfyVu eftLVªsV }kjk lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 164 ds rgr ntZ fd, x, c;ku dks ml eftLVªsV ds ikl Hkst fn;k
tkrk gS tks ekeys dh tkap dj jgk gS ;k ml eqdnes dh lquokbZ dj jgk gSA lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 164 ds rgr
eftLVªsV ds lkeus fn;k x;k c;ku ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ gksus ds ckn 24 ?kaVs ds Hkhrj ntZ dj fy;k tkuk pkfg,A vuSfrd
cPps dh MkWDVjh tkap rFkk mlds 'kjhj ij fdlh Hkh izdkj dh pksV ;k nqjkpkj@nqO;Zogkj dh fjiksVZ ds ckn mldh
dkmalfyax gksuh pkfg, rkfd ;g vuqeku yxk;k tk lds fd mls fdruk euksoSKkfud uqdlku igqapk gS vkSj mlds
LoLFk gksus esa fdl rjg dh enn nh tk ldrh gSA

40
O;kikj jksdFkke vfèkfu;e ds varxZr vuSfrd O;olk;ksa ds flyflys esa fxj¶+rkj fd, x, cPpksa ds ekeys esa ;g ckr
[+kklrkSj ls egRoiw.kZ gSA
vkjksi i= ¼pktZ'khV½ nkf[+ky djuk
vkjksi i= D;k gksrk gS
vxj ekeyk fdlh NksVs&eksVs vijkèk ls lacafèkr gS rks ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ gksus ds 60 fnu ds Hkhrj iqfyl dks viuh r¶+rh'k
iwjh dj ysuh pkfg,A vxj ekeyk ?kkrd vkSj xaHkhj vijkèk ls lacafèkr gS rks ;g tkap ,Q+vkbZvkj ntZ gksus ds ckn 90
fnu esa iwjh gks tkuh pkfg, ¼èkkjk 167] lhvkjihlh½A
tkap iwjh gks tkus ds ckn tkap vfèkdkjh iqfyl fjiksVZ dks viuh tkap ds urhtksa ds lkFk vkSj vkxs dh dkjZokbZ ds fy,
lacafèkr eftLVªsV ds ikl Hkst nsxk ¼èkkjk 173] lhvkjihlh½A
tc dksbZ iqfyl vfèkdkjh vfHk;kstu dh flQ+kfj'k djrs gq, lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 173 ds rgr iqfyl fjiksVZ lkSairk gS rks
mls vkjksi&i= ¼pktZ'khV½ dgk tkrk gSA
iqfyl tkap fjiksVZ ds vkèkkj ij vkSj vkjksih ds lkFk loky&tokc o nyhyksa dks lquus ds ckn eftLVªsV vkjksih ds
f[+kykQ+ vkjksi r; djrk gSA
vkjksi i= dk egRo
vkjksi i= ,d egRoiw.kZ nLrkost+ gksrk gS D;ksafd blh ds vkèkkj ij vfHk;kstu ds fy, ekeyk curk gSA
t+ekur
dsoy vuSfrd O;kikj ds ekeys esa gh ihfM+rksa dks os';ko`fÙk ds fy, yypkus ;k Qqlykus ds vkjksi esa fxj¶+rkj fd;k tkrk
gS vkSj mUgsa t+ekur dh t+:jr gksrh gSA cky O;kikj ds ckdh lHkh ekeyksa esa ihfM+rksa dks fxj¶+rkj ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
tc vuSfrd O;kikj fu"ks/k vfèkfu;e ¼vkbZVhih,½ ds varxZr os';ko`fÙk ds fy, yypkus ;k Qqlykus ds vkjksi esa fdlh
ukckfyx dks fxj¶+rkj fd;k tkrk gS rks mldh t+ekur ds lacaèk esa cky U;k; vfèkfu;e ds izkoèkku ykxw gksrs gSaA
,d fuf'pr eqpyds ds cnys cky U;k; d+kuwu ds rgr lHkh t+ekur ;ksX; ;k xSj&t+ekurh vijkèkksa ds fy, izR;sd cPps
dks t+ekur ikus dk vfèkdkj gksrk gSA
fdlh cPps dks t+ekur ij fjgk u djus dk Q+Slyk dsoy rHkh fy;k tkrk gS tc ,slk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gks fd mlds fjgk
gksus ij og fdlh Kkr vijkèkh ds laidZ esa vk tk,xk ;k fdlh uSfrd] 'kkjhfjd vFkok euksoSKkfud [+krjs dh vk'kadk esa
igqap tk,xk ;k mldh fjgkbZ ls U;k; ds mís'; dks Bsl igqapsxhA ysfdu ,sls gkykr esa Hkh cPps dks tsy esa ugha j[kk tk
ldrkA mls rc rd ds fy, fdlh vkWCt+osZ'ku ¼izs{k.k½ gkse esa Hkst fn;k tkrk gS tc rd fd cky U;k; cksMZ ¼tqosukby
tfLVl cksMZ½ ml ekeys ij viuk QSlyk ugha lquk nsrkA QSlyk gksus ij ;fn bls vijk/kh ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS rks og
tsy dh ctk; fo'ks"k gkse esa Hkstk tk,xkA
cky U;k; vfèkfu;e] 2000 ds varxZr 18 o"kZ ls de mez ds O;fDr dks cPps dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA
dsanz ljdkj n'kdksa iqjkuh vkijkfèkd izfØ;k lafgrk ¼lhvkjihlh½ esa la'kksèku ij fopkj dj jgh gSA bl flyflys esa
Hkkjrh; vkijkfèkd U;k; O;oLFkk ds vè;;u ds fy, fu;qDr dh xbZ U;k;ewfrZ oh-,l- eyher desVh dh flQ+kfj'kksa rFkk
14osa fofèk vk;ksx ¼154oha fjiksVZ½ ds lq>koksa ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk,xkA lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 164 ls lacafèkr flQ+kfj'ksa
bl izdkj gSa %
 xokgksa dks eqdjus ls jksdus ds fy, èkkjk 164 esa la'kksèku fd;k tk,( tkap vfèkdkjh dks pkfg, fd og lHkh xokgksa
ds c;ku eftLVªsV }kjk fnykbZ xbZ 'kiFk ds vuqlkj ntZ djsA
 blls xokgksa dks eqdjus ls jksdus rFkk ntZ fd, x, c;kuksa ds vkèkkj ij ekeys dh tkap djds vafre fjiksVZ rS;kj
djus esa iqfyl dks enn feysxhA

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