Risks for patient during hospital and home care. Risk of falling, physical risks, chemical risks, psychological and biohazards

1. SITUATIONS
INVOLVING RISKS
• COMPENTANCY 8
• Student name - Avjot kaur
• Submit to - Mr. Stephane forest

2. Category of risks
• Contact with:-
• Blood, pus, saliva, faeces or other body
secretions.
• Contaminated equipment's.
• Soiled materials and linen
• Biomedical waste
• Biomedical waste from domestic pets.

3. Preventions
• Universal precautions-
- Wear gloves to avoid contact with blood or
other body fluid.
- Gloves should be changed before providing
care other patients.
- It should be discarded in plastic garbage
bag.
- Washhands for at least 20 seconds with
Before and after caring any patient and apply
moisturiser to avoid skin irritation.
- Weargown to avoid clothes to be soiled.
- Wearmask to prevent droplet infections.

4. • Cover the wounds or cut to avoid
direct contact with biological
fluids.
• Disinfect the equipment and
linens.
• Clean the blood or fluid spilled
area with bleach and water
mixture.
• Use caution when disposing the
garbage like plastic, glass and
needles. Put these in the separate
bins according to law.

5. Physical Risks
• Shift work or overload.
• Electric shock
• Handling hot items
• Use of oxygen therapy
• Radiation
• Radioactive dyes
• Cockroaches, lice, rodents, bed bugs and other pests

6. Prevention
• Make a schedule for shifts that do not exceed
60 hours a week.
• Have 8 hours of sleep at least in 24 hours.
• Avoid touching sockets with wet hands.
• Cover the broken wires.
• Remove the charger after use.
• Never use a defective electrical device.
• Keep appliances unplugged when not in use.
• Keep oxygen at least five feet away from flames
or heat sources, including gas stoves, barbeque
grills, space heaters, fireplaces and candles

7. - Reduce the time of exposure to a radiation source
that helps the dose to the
worker is reduced in direct proportion with that time.
- Increase the distance between yourself and the
radiation source (e.g., sealed source, x-ray tube).
- place a shield between yourself and the source, and
Protect yourself against
radioactive contamination by using proper protective
clothing.
- Drink plenty of water to help flush the dye out of the
system
- Be sure the room has adequate ventilation,
- Aerosol spray cans can be used to spray
household mattresses, in crevices in walls, and in
other possible corners.
- Rat trap can be used for rodents
- Spray pesticides after intervals.
- Maintain personal hygiene regularly to avoid lice's.

8. Ergonomic
Risks
• Flexion and torsion of the spine
• Repeatedly raising arms above shoulder level
• Bending over
• Transferring the patient
• Moving furniture, equipment, material
• Walking and standing on hard surfaces for long periods of time

9. Prevention
• Follow the proper procedure while
traferring the patient.
• Ask for help from the colleague if patient
is heavy.
• Use lift when patient is totally
dependent on you or totally paralysed.
• Bend at your knees and hips and
squat when lifting or setting down objects
below your waist. Do not bend forward
from your waist to prevent the strain
of back muscle.
• Tighten then stomach muscles and
tuck in pelvis while lifting. Keep the back
straight.

10. • Use the leg and thigh muscles while lifting an
item to waist level. Legs should be bearing the
weight not back.
• Never transfer patients when off balance
• Avoid heavy lifting especially with spine
rotated, avoid lifting and
twisting simultaneously
• Lift and hold the load closer to body.

11. Risks to safety
and sceurity
• Falling, Slipping,
Tripping
• Having things fall on
you
• Using sharp tools
(razors, knives)
• Stressed or
aggressive pets
• Manipulating oxygen
bottles
• Driving between
cases (homecare)
• Smoking patient
• Violent patient

12. Prevention
• Wear non sliperry shoes with wide strapes.
• Organise all the things in working area and in
patients rooms to avoid falling.
• Unclutered the surronding area. Use sharp
things with caution.
• Observe the signs of waring immenient of the
patient.
• Make the safe distance with the patient.
• Be aware of the defensive body language.
• Do not pass the judgemental comment. Ignore
those challenging questions.
• Observe the reason of violent or abusive
behavior.
• Be altered but empathetic with the
patient..Avoid overreacting.

13. Chemical risks
• Personal hygiene products
• Household cleaning products
• Cosmetic products and hair dyes
• Latex gloves
• Hand sanitizer gels
• Chemotherapy medication

14. Prevention
• Use synthetic gloves with special
chemical-barrier protection (latex and
vinyl gloves are inferior chemical
barriers compared with nitrile and other
synthetics) when handling
chemotherapeutic agents and cleaning
chemicals
• Establish a policy of environmentally
preferable selection and purchase of
cleaning and disinfecting products and
apply the hierarchy of controls.
• Provide information and training to all
staff about the nature of chemical
hazards and how to mix, dilute, and
apply chemicals to reduce exposure.

15. Pour cleaning agents on a
cloth for application instead
of broadcasting the
chemical by spraying.
Do not touch chemical
disinfectants or cleaning
solutions by hand;
use forceps to deposit
instruments for disinfection
in chemical solutions.

16. Psycological Risks
• Relationship with colleagues
• Relationship with supervisor
• Relationship with patients and their
families
• Workload
• Respect of scope of practice
• Time limitations

17. Prevention
• Develop your people skills.
• Identify your relationship needs.
• Schedule time to build relationships.
• Focus on your Emotional
Intelligence.
• Appreciate others.
• Be positive.
• Manage your boundaries.
• Avoid gossiping.
• Listen actively.

18. Scenario • Mrs. Mary, 74 yrs. old, her husband
died few year ago has a daughter
Nancy who recently divorced and have
2 children aged 2yrs and 5 yrs. She is
so stressed due to a lot of
responsibilities on her as a single
mother and her mother`s condition. She
is working full time and her cousin
Sophia comes to during day to take
care of her children 2 hrs in the morning
and 2 hrs in afternoon and prepare the
meal. Nancy do all other house chores
in the evening after work but sometimes
she skips cleaning due to tiredness.
HCA comes after 3 days to give bath
and drees and undress to Mrs. Mary
• House usually clutters and there
are always garbage collected in the
corners of the house. Mrs. Mary has
dementia and sever arthritis since 7 yrs.

19. • From few days she is complaining
about a lot of joint pain and rigidity. She is
having problem with moving around. She
starts yelling when looking for
her husband because she forgets about
his death. Today she opened the tap
of sink and forgot to close it. The floor of
whole house was wet and children were
playing in the water whole time
and garbage was floating on the
water. Fortunately Sophia came and
close the tap. Children were all wet
and shaking with cold. Mr. Mary was lying
on bed and did not realised what was
happening. When asked she said she
can not find the walker. When HCA
came, Nancy was overwhelmed, crying
and shouting on her mother in front of
Sophia and trying to realise her what she
is doing for her and she is getting mad.
•

20. Risks
• Risk of falling because walker is
not beside.
• Lack of devices for mobility can risk
physical injury.
• Neglection the needs of patient
leads to serious situation to clinet
and the children.
• Risk to children for physical
injury, choking , drowing or shock.
• Mental distress of patient as well
as her daughter.
• Unhygieneic and cultered
environment leads to infection or
skidding.
• Lack of assistant for patient as well
as children
results critical situation.

21. Before starting the Task and site preparation
• Interduce yourself to the client.
• Observe the environment of the house.
• Calm Nancy down and try to handle the
situation.
• Uncultered the room to protect the patient to
skidding.
• Prepare the bathroom to give patient bath.
• Select the clothes. Involve patient`s decision.
• Since Mrs. Mary is saying she is
having more joint pain than usual ask Nancy to
help you to move her.

22. Equipments to
use
for bath
• First of all, With the help of
Nancy find the Walker.
• Use shower chair.
• Make sure there are
non Slipery matts in
the washroom.
• Towels

23. Precautions to be taken
• Evaluate the environment.
• Make sure clients decision is involved.
• Respect her dignity.
• Give her time to complete the task.
• Do not argue with family members.
• Uncultered the environment.
• Check safety measures.
• Use proper body alignment while lifting and
moving the client for your own safety.
• Client`s shoes should to be slipppery.
• Do not leave the client alone in the washroom.
• Assist her all the time while giving her bath.

24. Interventions withthe Natural
Care Giver
• Involve her in the care.
• Answer her all the questions.
• Give her information about patient`s condition.
• Ask the important information that will help with
client`s treatment.
• Inform her about importance of hygiene and
hazardious results of negligence.
• Ask her the drawbacks or limitations of her while
proving care.
• Validiate her feelings.

25. Behaviour of HCA
towards them
• Talk to the caregiver calmly.
• Show them positive body laguage.
• Be emphathetic and sympathetic.
• Validate their feeling and observe what is needed.
• Evaluate the client`s and caregiver relationship.
• Give information about how to handle
the situations and how to divide the work.
• Explain her how important the bond of trust with
her and the client.
• Make eye contact with the client.

26. Responsibility
as HCA
• Assisther in the bath and dressing and undressing.
• Observe the physical and behavioural changes of the client.
• Observe the environment and behaviour of family members towards the
patient.
• Evaluate the risky situations for the client at home that can be dangerous for
her physically or mentally.
• Try to eliminate the risks as much as you can such as organising things with
help of care giver.
• Talk with care provider and see what difficulties she is facing during caring
the client.
• Tell her the importance of hygiene of the environment to the client and other
family members.
• Ask the caregiver if she needs the help of social worker.
• Refer her about alternative care setting to manage the easy living.
• Tell her the risks of negligence towards the clients and the children.
• Let her know the consequences to leave children home alone with part time
help from her causin.
• Report whole situation to the person responsible.

27. Internal and external resources
• Internal Resource- HCA and nurse
• External Resources-
• CHSLD- ALong-Term Care and Accommodation Centre
(CHSLD) is a facility for people with loss of autonomy or
who are unable to live at home for health or safety
reasons. THE LTCHs are aimed not only at the elderly,
but also at adults with significant disabilities
• Social worker- She will provide help and information to
her daughter as she needed.
• Home Community services- It helps to :-
- reduce the risk of injury
- family members learn how to respond to
aggressive behaviour from our trained staff
- keep clients in the familiar surroundings of their
home
- reduce the stress levels of both clients and their
families

28. • Meal on wheel program- This organisation
serves 9,000 meals includes lunches.
Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays from
12:00 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.
• Early childhood services
• Family services
• Alternative home care setting
• Financial Support program

29. Issues to be givento emergency
and Information to be transmittedto
Supervisor
• More joint pains to the client`s than
usual.
• More forgetfulness
• Not been taken care full time.
• Care giver is exhausted and needs help.
• Unhygenic home environment
• Stressful situation occurred when
arrived.