Equestrianism involves various horse riding activities for work, transportation, recreation, art, and sport. The most popular form of horse racing worldwide is thoroughbred horse racing, where horses race on a track. Other types of horse racing include steeplechasing over obstacles, quarter horse racing over short distances, and racing of other light horse breeds. Mountaineering involves hiking, climbing, and skiing on mountains and has evolved into specializations based on the terrain, requiring experience, athletic ability, and technical skills to navigate hazards and maintain safety.

1. Equestrianism more often known horse riding (British English)[2]
referring to the skill of riding,
driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses. This broad description includes the use of horses for
practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises,
andcompetitive sport.
Humans appear to have long expressed a desire to know which horse (or horses) were the fastest,
and horse racing has ancient roots.Gambling on horse races appears to go hand-in hand with racing
and has a long history as well. Thoroughbreds have the pre-eminent reputation as a racing breed,
but other breeds also race.
Typesof horse racing[edit]
Under saddle:
 Thoroughbred horse racing is the most popular form worldwide. In the UK, it is known as flat
racing and is governed by the Jockey Clubin the United Kingdom. In the USA, horse racing is
governed by The Jockey Club.
 Steeplechasing involves racing on a track where the horses also jump over obstacles. It is most
common in the UK, where it is also called National Hunt racing.
 American Quarter Horse racing—races over distances of approximately a quarter-mile. Seen
mostly in the United States, sanctioned by the American Quarter Horse Association.
 Arabian horses, Akhal-Teke, Appaloosas, American Paint Horses and other light breeds are also
raced worldwide.
 Endurance riding, a sport in which the Arabian horse dominates at the top levels, has become
very popular in the United States and in Europe. The Federation Equestre International (FEI)
governs international races, and the American Endurance Ride Conference (AERC) organizes
the sport in North America. Endurance races take place over a given, measured distance and
the horses have an even start. Races begin at 20 miles (32 km) and peak at 100 miles (160 km).
especially the Tevis Cup.
 Ride and Tie (in North America, organized by Ride and Tie Association). Ride and Tie involves
three equal partners: two humans and one horse. The humans alternately run and ride.

2. Mountaineering or mountain climbing is the sport, hobby or profession of hiking, skiing,
and climbing mountains.[2]
While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of
unclimbed big mountains it has branched into specializations that address different aspects of the
mountain and consists of three areas: rock-craft, snow-craft and skiing, depending on whether the
route chosen is over rock, snow or ice. All require experience, athletic ability, and technical
knowledge to maintain safety
Emergence as a sport
The beginning of mountaineering as a systematic sport is generally dated to the ascent of
the Wetterhorn in 1854 by Sir Alfred Wills who made mountaineering fashionable, especially in
Britain.
By the turn of the century, mountaineering had acquired a more international flavour;[10]
Mount
Kilimanjaro in Africa was climbed in 1889 by Ludwig Purtscheller and Hans Meyer, Mt. Kenya in
1899 by Halford Mackinder,[11]
and a peak of Ruwenzori by H. J. Moore in 1900.
Technique
Snow[edit]
Compacted snow conditions allow mountaineers to progress on foot. Frequently crampons are
required to travel efficiently over snow and ice. Crampons attach to a mountaineer's boots to provide
additional traction on hard snow (neve) and ice.
Hazards
Mountaineering is considered to be one of the most dangerous activities in the world. Loss of life is
not uncommon on most major extreme altitude mountaineering destinations every year.
Some common hazards