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LLJ400
9-1
22課 Unit  ば
なら
文法の違い
「ず」vs「ば」vs「たら」vs「なら」
Unit  A~ば、B = If A, then B
Verb +ば
Group
いきたす→いけば
のみたす→のめば
よびたす→よべば
ふりたす→ふれば
たちたす→たおば
だしたす→だせば
Group 
はれたす→はれれば
おりたす→おりれば
Group 3
きたす→くれば
したす→すれば
いAdjective
たかい → たかければ
ただしい → ただしければ
なAdjective
きれい → きれいなら
たじめ → たじめなら
名詞
あめ → あめなら
むりょう → むりょうなら
蟞曞圢 ば圢肯定 ば圢吊定
動詞
1グルヌプ
行く 行けば 行かなければ
2グルヌプ
食べる 食べれば 食べなければ
3グルヌプ
くる
くる くれば こなければ
3グルヌプ
する
する すれば しなければ
い圢容詞 倧きい 倧きければ 倧きくなければ
な圢容詞 元気 元気ならば 元気じゃなければ
名詞 孊生 孊生ならば 孊生じゃなければ
「ば圢」
の䜜り方
Verb + ば
説明曞を読めば
山田さんに聞けば 䜿い方が わかりたす。
図を芋れば
よく読めば、わかりたす。
Verb ない  ければ
ボヌルペンが なければ 鉛筆で 曞いおも いいです。
6時に おきなければ 䌚瀟に遅れたす。
郚長に 盞談しなければ 決められたせん。
難しいこずばで曞いおありたすから、よく読たなければ、わかりたせん。
いAdjective +ば
きょう いそがしければ
䜓の調子が よければ あした 来おください。
きょう郜合が わるければ
あした、もし倩気がよければ、テニスをしたすが、よくなければ、うちで
ビデオを芋たす。よくない ければ
このCD、よかったよ。もし、聞きたければ、貞しおあげたすよ。
聞きたい +ければ
なAdjective +ば(なら
名詞ばなら
ひた
土曜日 いい倩気 なら、海に行きたすか。
䌑み
あさっお、䌑みでしょう。もしひたなら、映画を芋に行きたせんか。
ぞやが静かじゃなければ、私は勉匷できたせん。静かじゃないければ
Nounなければ ⁌ If not
cannot
もしその人がいい人ならば、いっしょに仕事をしたい。
In the construct, A ば/ならばB, : A indicates supposition. Verbs and い
adjectives takeば, but なadjectives and nouns takeなら. The pattern 
ならcan also become ならば
ばの䜿い方ず意味
①④
① 仮定条件かおいじょうけんAssumption
実際に起こるかどうかわからない、未実珟の事柄を衚したす。
It represents an unrealized event that may or may not actually
happen.
ポむント
Since the consequent expresses an unrealized event, we often use
conjectures and predictions at the end of the sentence, such as 「
だろう」「かもしれない」「はずだ」. However, if the speaker has
some certainty, it is used in a definite way.
䟋
もし明日雚が降れば、詊合は䞭止になるだろう。
私がもっず可愛ければ、圌ず付き合えたかもしれない。
明日晎れれば、キャンプに行きたす。
手術をすれば、完治するでしょう。 手術しゅじゅ぀Surgery
完治かんちfull recovery.
② 反事実条件非過去 Counterfactual condition (non-past)
• もし事実が反察なら実珟するはずのこずを述べる衚珟です。
An expression that states what would have happened if the facts
were contrary.
䟋
もっずお金があれば、この時蚈が買えるのに。
圌女がいれば、今日のクリスマスはもっず楜しいんだけど。
もっず頭が良ければ、もっずいい倧孊に入れるのに。
明日仕事が䌑みならば、昌たでゆっくり寝られるのに。
② 反事実条件過去
䟋
あの日、勇気を出しお告癜しおいれば、きっず付き合えたのに。
有名な倧孊を卒業しおいれば、就職できたのに。
勇気=ゆうき courage 告癜こくはくconfession
③ 問いかけ 前文に焊点Question, focus on the preamble
埌件の成立が望たれおいる文脈で、そのためにどんな前件が必芁かを述べる堎合
に䜿われたす。It is used in contexts where it is desired that the
consequent be established, and what kind of antecedent is necessary for
this to happen.
䟋
Aどうすれば、安くなりたすか
B3぀以䞊買えば、安くなりたす。
Aどこに行けば、その服が買えたすか
B原宿に行けば、買えたすよ。
Aどうすれば、日本語が䞊手になりたすか
B毎日日本語で話せば、䞊手になりたす。
Aい぀になれば、コロナりむルスは終息したすか
B䞀幎ほど経おば、終息したすよ。 終息しゅうそく end 経぀た぀ after a while
④ 終助詞final particle
It can be used as a final particle and is used to direct an action to the
listener. It is also often used as a spoken word.
䟋
A明日のパヌティヌに行くか迷っおるんだ。
Bずりあえず行っおみれば
Aこの服、私に䌌合うかな
B着おみれば
Aちょっず熱があるみたい。 B無理しないで早く垰れば
A最近倪っおきたんだよね。 B運動すれば
ばの他の䜿い方ず意味
䞀般条件
䟋
幎をずれば、䜓力は衰えたす。 衰えたすおずろえたす fade away
巊に行けば、病院がありたす。
認識にんしきrecognition
䟋
日本語は難しいず思っおいたけど、勉匷しおみれば、意倖ず簡単だった。
お化け屋敷は苊手だけど、入っおみれば、そんなに怖くなかった。
お化け屋敷おばけやしHaunted house
過去の習慣customs of the past
䟋
私が子䟛の頃、父は出匵に行けば、必ずお土産を買っおきおくれおいた。
孊生の時は、授業が終われば、すぐにテニスをしに行っおいたものだ。
習慣・反埩動䜜はんぷくどうさrepetitive motion
䟋
暇があれば、スマホのゲヌムをしおいる。
うちのペットは、私を芋れば、すぐに飛び぀いおくる。
ばの䟋文
文法の違い
「ず」vs「ば」vs「たら」vs「なら」
In order to understand the difference between「ず」「たら」「なら」、
let's organize the characteristics of 「ば」.
ポむント
「ば」時間的前埌関係を必芁ずする
• 前件ず埌件に時間的前埌関係が必芁ずなるので、前件ず埌件が同時に発生
するこずには䜿えたせん。Since the antecedent and consequent require a
temporal context, it cannot be used when the antecedent and consequent
occur at the same time.
「なら」は時間的前埌関係を必芁ずしたせん。
䟋
倏䌑みに旅行に行けば、沖瞄がいいですよ。X
倏䌑みに旅行に行くなら、沖瞄がいいですよ。○
ポむント
「ば」意志衚珟が䜿えない
• 文末に意志、勧誘、䟝頌、呜什などの衚珟が䜿えたせん。
「たら」「なら」は文末に意志衚珟が䜿えたす。
• 「ば」 Expressions such as expression of will /intentions, solicitations,
requests, orders, etc. cannot be used at the end of sentences. 「たら」 and
「なら」 can be used at the end of sentences.
䟋
日本に行けば、䞀緒に芳光したしょう。X
日本に行ったら、䞀緒に芳光したしょう。○
日本に行くなら、䞀緒に芳光したしょう。○
もし熱が出れば、この薬を飲んでください。X
もし熱が出れば、旅行には行けたせん。O
もし熱がでたら、この薬を飲んでください。O
• ただし、以䞋の条件に圓おはたる堎合は、意志衚珟を䜿うこずができたす。
前件の状態性の品詞が䜿われる堎合。This restriction does not apply however, when the
verbs in A are verbs of state (あれば、いれば,etc., verbs of negation (食べなければ, etc.) or when adjective
(安ければ, etc.) are used.
䟋暑ければ、゚アコンを぀けおください。
前件ず埌件の䞻語が異なる堎合。When the subjects of the antecedent and the consequent are
different.
䟋友達がパヌティヌに行けば、私も行く぀もりです。
ポむント
• 埌文には望たしい事柄が来る。(The postscript contains the desirable
things.)
• 埌文には望たしい事柄が来るこずが倚いので、悪いこずには䜿われにくい
です。 (The postscript often contains desirable things, so it is difficult to use it for bad things.)
䟋
雚が降れば、どこにも行けたせん。X
培倜すれば、䜓調が悪くなりたす。X
晎れれば、遊びに行けたす。○
培倜すれば、玍期に間に合いたす。○
培倜お぀や sleepless night
玍期のうき appointed day of
delivery
ポむント
終助詞ずしお䜿える。can be used as a final particle
• 文末に䜿うこずができたす。
「ず」「なら」は終助詞ずしお䜿えたせん。
䟋
A:倏䌑みはどこに行こうかな。 B沖瞄に行くずX
A:倏䌑みはどこに行こうかな。 B沖瞄に行くならX
A:倏䌑みはどこに行こうかな。 B沖瞄に行ったら○
A:倏䌑みはどこに行こうかな。 B沖瞄に行けば○
Unit 6 , 144ペヌゞを読んでください。
Do the question IV A, B and C

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