Introduction to oil and gas industry

1. INTRODUCTION OF OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
-UNDERSTANDING THE INDUSTRY FROM UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM
Oil and gas are amongst the most important resources we have. Apart from providing the majority of
our energy, petroleum is used to create countless products upon which we rely in every part of our lives.
It is not surprising, then, that the oil and gas industry is a principle driver of the global economy. The
systems and processes used to produce and commercialise oil and gas are complex, involving large
amounts of capital, state-of-the-art technology and vast numbers of skilled personnel serving supply
chains that span the globe.
The oil and gas industry also poses significant and diverse risks and opportunities for those organisations
working along its supply chains. This course provides a comprehensive grounding in all aspects of the
oil and gas industry. After a broad overview of the distribution of petroleum resources and the
organisations that constitute the industry, it introduces the techniques used to detect and assess the
commercial viability of deposits. Next, it looks at the extraction process and the technologies used to
process, store, transport and refine oil and gas. Finally, it explores the processes of selling, trading and
marketing gas and petroleum products, before finishing with a survey of environmental and geopolitical
risks and opportunities, and an assessment of the industry’s future.
Attend this interactive course and enhance your knowledge on the following key areas:
· Types of petroleum: conventional and unconventional
· Concepts of finite resources and limitations on recovery
· Components that constitute natural gas
· Introduction to the supply and value chain: upstream to downstream
· Assessing exploration chance of success
· Seismic and other geophysical surveying technologies
· Blowout preventers (BOPs) and blowout contingency planning
· Production technologies
· Subsea technologies
· Oil Refining and Gas Treatment
· Refinery configurations and processes
· Gas processing and treatment
· Oil inventories and strategic stocks
· Geopolitical risks and opportunities
· Prudent operators and best practices
· Forecasts for fossil fuels and the primary energy
Who should attend
■ Lawyers, investment managers and other specialists needing a wider understanding

2. ■ Experts working on a temporary basis in the industry
■ Professionals working alongside the oil and gas industry
■ Employees moving into a new sector of specialisation
■ New starters and recent recruits entering the industry
Course Content
Introducing Oil and Gas
• The origins of oil and gas and how they are formed
• Types of petroleum: conventional and unconventional
• Sedimentary basins and the dynamic nature of Earth’s crust
• Concepts of finite resources and limitations on recovery
• Global distribution of fossil fuels and OPEC’s resource endowment
• Industry overview and segments
• Components that constitute natural gas
• Uses and markets for oil and gas
• Role of government agencies in the oil and gas industry
• Introduction to the supply and value chain: upstream to downstream
• Organisations involved along the supply chain
• Distinct economic issues for oil and gas supply chains
Finding Oil and Gas
• An introduction to petroleum geology
• Defining and calculating resources and reserves
• Assessing exploration chance of success
• Reservoir characterisation, performance and engineering
• Conventional and non-conventional petroleum resources
• Exploration and prospecting: broad surveying techniques
• Remote detection methods
• Seismic and other geophysical surveying technologies
• Exploration and appraisal drilling
• Types of borehole and reasons for drilling them
• Types of exploration and production contract and fiscal system
• Accounting for risk
• Economics of exploration: financing, time value and expected value
Extracting and Processing Oil and Gas
• Well planning and design
• Authority for expenditure (AFE)
• Subsurface pressure and temperature
• Hole sections and well trajectory
• Deviated and horizontal drilling
• Types of drilling rigs, systems and equipment
• Drilling procedures, problems and remedies
• Blowout preventers (BOPs) and blowout contingency planning
• Wireline logging and measurement while drilling (MWD)
• Production engineering

3. • Allocation of historical production to reservoirs and wells
• Production technologies
• Marine operations
• Fixed and floating production facilities (including FPSOs)
• Subsea technologies
• Well completion
• Artificial lift and reservoir stimulation
• Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques
• Typical timings and costs
Oil Refining and Gas Treatment
• Crude oil evaluation and classification
• Compositional differences between light and heavy crude oil
• Organic chemistry of petroleum relevant to refining
• Transporting and storing crude oil: pipelines and tankers
• Refining oil: historical and geographic trends
• Characteristics of refined petroleum products
• Refinery configurations and processes
• Distilling, cracking, reforming, blending, treating
• Supply and demand trends and markets of petroleum products
• Refinery margins and crack spreads
• Transporting and storing gas: pipelines and other methods
• Underground gas storage (UGS)
• Refining gas and gas to liquids (GTL) technologies
• Gas processing and treatment: dehydrating, sweetening
• NGL and LPG extraction from natural gas
• Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
• Gas to power: combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT)
• Petroleum product and natural gas distribution networks
Selling Oil and Gas
• Global markets and key players
• Physical and paper trading markets
• Market segments: wholesale and retail
• Aviation fuels, marine bunker fuels and lubricants
• Spot and term sales
• Benchmark prices and formula pricing
• Brent, WTI and Dubai crude benchmarks
• Contango and normal backwardation market conditions
• Commodity exchanges, electronic trading and over-thecounter (OTC) trades
• Trading instruments: forwards, futures, swaps and options
• Hedging from various supply chain perspectives
• Margin swaps and collar hedges
• Risk management in trading and exploiting arbitrage opportunities
• Retail fuel marketing and distribution logistics
• Network analysis of retail fuel sites: location and facilities
• Retail fuel margins and non-fuel margins from convenience stores at fuel stations
• Biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) and road transport fuel markets

4. • Fuel station pump technology and process
• Oil inventories and strategic stocks
Managing Oil and Gas
• Geopolitical risks and opportunities
• Techniques for quantifying political risks
• Environmental and sustainability issues
• Gas flaring, emissions and contamination
• Prudent operators and best practice
• Triple bottom line approach to decision making
• Industry and regulatory bodies
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
• Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF)
• International Energy Agency (IEA)
• Legal concepts and contractual frameworks
• Sole risk and non-consent
• Farmout and joint venture arrangements
• Dispute resolution and arbitration
• Fiscal elements and designs
• Production sharing and mineral interest systems
• Cost recovery from government and producer perspectives
• Future of energy: challenges and opportunities
• Trends in uses of energy and per capita energy intensity
• World primary energy mix and substitutes for oil and gas
• Forecasts for fossil fuels and the primary energy balance to 2050