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Hacmp – high availability pdf
1.
© 2005 Mt
Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – High Availability Introduction Presentation February 2007
2.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. Introduction Scope HACMP – Concepts HACMP – Cluster Topologies – NFS – Cascading – 1 way – Cascading – 2 way – Rotating – Concurrent HACMP – Cluster Resources Mt Xia implementation of HACMP
3.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. Scope Scope – This presentation covers HACMP standards, design and concepts in the CGE environment. – This presentation is not designed as a tutorial on HACMP operations.
4.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. High Availability Clustered Multi-Processing – The masking or elimination of planned or unplanned downtime – The elimination of single points of failure (SPOFs) • Computers • Disks • Networks • etc – Fault resilience, but not fault tolerance • A fault tolerant environment has no service interruption • A high availability environment has minimal service interruption HACMP - Concepts
5.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. Identify and eliminate SPOF's by: – Node - Using multiple nodes – Power source - Using multiple circuits or UPS's – Network adapter - Using redundant network adapters – Network - Using multiple networks to connect nodes – TCP/IP subsystem - Using serial networks – Disk adapter - Using redundant disk adapters – Controller - Using redundant disk controllers – Disk - Using redundant hardware and disk mirroring – Application - Assigning a node for application takeover HACMP - SPOFs
6.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP Resource Groups Resource Groups are a set of cluster resources handled as one unit by HACMP, configured by the HACMP administrator. Attributes of a Resource Group – startup, fail-over and fall-back policies – settling time and the distribution policy – delayed fall-back timer that affects fall-back. Resource groups can be concurrent and non-concurrent. Resource Groups are used to coordinate the fail-over of: – Network Addresses – Disks – NFS mounts – Applications
7.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. Mechanisms implemented by HACMP for resource group fail-over : – Cascading • The active node with the highest priority controls the resource group – Concurrent • All active nodes have access to the resource group – Rotating • The node with the rotating resource group's associated service IP address controls the resource group HACMP – Resource Group Fail-over
8.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. The first distinction that you need to make while designing a cluster is whether you need a non-concurrent or a concurrent shared disk access environment. The possible non-concurrent disk access configurations are: – Hot-standby – Rotating standby – Mutual takeover – Third-party takeover HACMP – Disk Access
9.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Hot-standby configuration
10.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Mutual takeover
11.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Third party takeover
12.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. The goal of IP Address Takeover is to make the resource group's service address highly available and to give the clients the possibility of always connecting to the same IP address – Design the network topology. – Define a network mask. – Define IP addresses (adapter identifiers) for each node’s service and standby adapters. – Define a boot address for each service adapter that can be taken over, if you are using IP address takeover or rotating resources. – Define an alternate hardware address for each service adapter that can have its IP address taken over, if you are using hardware address swapping. HACMP – IP Address takeover
13.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Dual Networks
14.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. Service Adapter Label – A node has one service adapter for each network to which it connects Standby Adapter(s) Label – Backup device for the service adapter – Zero or more standby adapters may exist Boot Adapter Label – Nodes use the boot label after a system reboot and before HACMP is started. – IPAT via IP address replacement – IPAT via IP Aliases HACMP – Network Adapter Labels
15.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. Numerous entities must be synchronized between nodes in a cluster, requires unique identifiers within the cluster Disaster Recovery requires enterprise wide uniqueTM identifiers Identifiers include: – Volume Group names – Logical Volume names – JFS Log Logical Volumes – Filesystem mount points – Resource Group names – IP addresses, names, and aliases – Application Servers and startup scripts – User and group names, UID's, GID's HACMP – Synchronization
16.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Cascading Topology description of a 2-way cascading Production Application Server Cluster: Cluster Name (example) – mtxpaex12 Participating Nodes (example) – dalapmtx01, dalapmtx02 Networks – Application traffic – Management traffic Applications – Application Instance 1 – Application Instance 2 System Independent Resource Groups (example) – mtxpaex1 – mtxpaex2
17.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Cascading – IP Names Boot Names: – dalapmtx01-bt01 (192.168.1.1) non-routed – dalapmtx01-bt02 (192.168.1.2) non-routed – dalapmtx02-bt01 (192.168.1.3) non-routed – dalapmtx02-bt02 (192.168.1.4) non-routed Persistent Names: – dalapmtx01-pers (10.1.1.101) routed – dalapmtx02-pers (10.1.1.102) routed Management Names: – dalapmtx01-man (10.254.1.101) routed – dalapmtx02-man (10.254.1.102) routed Service Names – dalapmtx01 (10.1.1.111) routed – dalapmtx01-rg01 (10.1.1.121) routed – dalapmtx02 (10.1.1.112) routed – dalapmtx02-rg01 (10.1.1.122) routed Service Aliases – mtxpaex1 (dalapmtx01-rg01) – mtxpaex2 (dalapmtx02-rg01)
18.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Cascading – IP Names – Node 1 Node – dalapmtx01 Boot Names: – dalapmtx01-bt01 (192.168.1.1) non-routed – dalapmtx01-bt02 (192.168.1.2) non-routed Persistent Names: – dalapmtx01-pers (10.1.1.101) routed Management Names: – dalapmtx01-man (10.254.1.101) routed Service Names – dalapmtx01 (10.1.1.111) routed – dalapmtx01-rg01 (10.1.1.121) routed Service Aliases – mtxpaex1 known by user (dalapmtx01-rg01)
19.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Cascading – IP Names – Node 2 Node – dalapmtx02 Boot Names: – dalapmtx02-bt01 (192.168.1.3) non-routed – dalapmtx02-bt02 (192.168.1.4) non-routed Persistent Names: – dalapmtx02-pers (10.1.1.102) routed Management Names: – dalapmtx02-man (10.254.1.102) routed Service Names – dalapmtx02 (10.1.1.112) routed – dalapmtx02-rg01 (10.1.1.122) routed Service Aliases – mtxpaex2 known by user (dalapmtx02-rg01)
20.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Network Adapters – Node 1 Node – dalapmtx01 • RG: mtxpaex1 (normal operating mode) Application Service Network Adapter (en4) – 192.168.1.1 dalapmtx01-bt01 – 10.1.1.101 dalapmtx01-pers – 10.1.1.111 dalapmtx01 – 10.1.1.121 dalapmtx01-rg01 Management Network Adapter (en5) – 192.168.1.2 dalapmtx01-bt02 – 10.254.1.101 dalapmtx01-man Application Service Access Name – mtxpaex1
21.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Network Adapters – Node 2 Node – dalapmtx02 • RG: mtxpaex2 (normal operating mode) Application Service Network Adapter (en4) – 192.168.1.3 dalapmtx02-bt01 – 10.1.1.102 dalapmtx02-pers – 10.1.1.112 dalapmtx02 – 10.1.1.122 dalapmtx02-rg01 Management Network Adapter (en5) – 192.168.1.4 dalapmtx02-bt02 – 10.254.1.102 dalapmtx02-man Application Service Access Name – mtxpaex2
22.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Node 1 – RG mtxpaex2 Fail-over Node – dalapmtx01 • RG: mtxpaex1 (normal operating mode) • RG: mtxpaex2 (fail over mode) Application Service Network Adapter (en4) – 192.168.1.1 dalapmtx01-bt01 – 10.1.1.101 dalapmtx01-pers – 10.1.1.111 dalapmtx01 – 10.1.1.121 dalapmtx01-rg01 – 10.1.1.122 dalapmtx02-rg02 Management Network Adapter (en5) – 192.168.1.2 dalapmtx01-bt02 – 10.254.1.101 dalapmtx01-man Application Service Access Name – mtxpaex1 – mtxpaex2
23.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Node 2 – RG mtxpaex2 Fail-over Node – dalapmtx02 • No Resource Groups Application Service Network Adapter (en4) – 192.168.1.3 dalapmtx02-bt01 – 10.1.1.102 dalapmtx02-pers – 10.1.1.112 dalapmtx02 Management Network Adapter (en5) – 192.168.1.4 dalapmtx02-bt02 – 10.254.1.102 dalapmtx02-man Application Service Access Name – NONE
24.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Application Installation Volume Groups, Logical Volumes, JFS Log Logical Volumes – mtxpaex100vg • mtxpaex1ap01lv • mtxpaex1jfs1lv – mtxpaex200vg • mtxpaex2ap01lv • mtxpaex2jfs1lv Directory Mount Points – /mtxpaex1 – /mtxpaex2 Application Servers – mtxpaex1_appl01 – mtxpaex2_appl01 Application Server Start/Stop Scripts – mtxpaex1_appl01_start.sh – mtxpaex1_appl01_stop.sh – mtxpaex2_appl01_start.sh – mtxpaex2_appl01_stop.sh
25.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – VG's, LV's, FS's – Node 1 Node dalapmtx01 – Resource Groups • mtxpaex1 (normal operating mode) – Volume Groups and Logical Volumes • mtxpaex100vg – mtxpaex1ap01lv – Mounted File Systems • /dev/mtxpaex1ap01lv /mtxpaex1
26.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – VG's, LV's, FS's – Node 2 Node dalapmtx02 – Resource Groups • mtxpaex2 (normal operating mode) – Volume Groups and Logical Volumes • mtxpaex200vg – mtxpaex2ap01lv – Mounted File Systems • /dev/mtxpaex2ap01lv /mtxpaex2
27.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Node 1 – RG mtxpaex2 Fail-over Node dalapmtx01 – Resource Groups • mtxpaex1 (normal operating mode) • mtxpaex2 (fail-over mode) – Volume Groups and Logical Volumes • mtxpaex100vg – mtxpaex1ap01lv • mtxpaex200vg – mtxpaex2ap01lv – Mounted File Systems • /dev/mtxpaex1ap01lv /mtxpaex1 • /dev/mtxpaex2ap01lv /mtxpaex2
28.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – Node 2 – RG mtxpaex2 Fail-over Node dalapmtx02 – Resource Groups • None – Volume Groups and Logical Volumes • None – Mounted File Systems • None
29.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP – User Configuration User Names – Each user must have their own login ID, not shared. • Auditors interpretation of SOX, SAS70 Service User Names – User names for application administration – Remote login disabled – Must login with user name, then “su” to service user name UID and GID Numbers – Must be enterprise wide unique values – Must be consistent between systems echo “username” | sum -r echo “groupname” | sum -r
30.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP Policies Any changes to the startup environment of a clustered machine requires fail-over testing Enterprise wide unique identifiers shall be used for all shared resources Enterprise wide unique user name, group name, UID, and GID number will be used Regularly scheduled HACMP verification for each cluster. Regularly scheduled audit of HACMP patch levels Policies are located at the following URL: http://www.mtxia.com/css/High%20Availability/hacmppolicy.shtml
31.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP Guidelines Oracle database's will normally be implemented in a non-concurrent access cluster Application servers will normally be implemented in 2-way cascading clusters In virtualized environment, HACMP will normally be implemented in a 1-way cascading cluster with fail-over to a standby node built with minimal resources. Guidelines are located at the following URL: http://www.mtxia.com/css/High%20Availability/hacmpguide.shtml
32.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP Standards Node names and Cluster names IP addresses, Host Names, and Aliases VG, Major Numbers, LV, JFS Log, and Mount Points Resource Group Names Application Server Names Application start and stop script names User names and UID numbers Group names and GID numbers HACMP filesets Standards are located at the following URL: http://www.mtxia.com/css/High%20Availability/hacmpstand.shtml
33.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. HACMP Procedures SAN Storage requests DNS requests Network cabling TSM backups rootvg backups Disaster Recovery Fail-over Testing LVM Modifications Change Control User Modifications Procedures are located at the following URL: http://www.mtxia.com/css/High%20Availability/hacmpproc.shtml
34.
Mt Xia Technical Consulting
Group © 2007 Mt Xia Technical Consulting Group - All Rights Reserved. Q&A
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