Presentation about bill of rights

1. Bill of Rights
PERFORMED BY ARTEM WERSHININ
543 GROUP

2. After the war for independence The most important disagreement was how to
govern the new country. Some people wanted the nation to be a loose organization
of states. They believed that citizens in each state should govern themselves.
Others wanted a powerful national government to solve the problems of the new
country. Each state had to give up some of its power so that the nation could be
stronger.

3. Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation (1781-1788). There was no president. National
Congress (a lawmaking body) consisted of the Senate and the House of
Representatives. Congress was given authority to declare war, to establish an
army and navy, to issue and borrow money. The Articles gave most power to
the states. Each one could cast one vote in Congress. A law could be passed
only if nine of the thirteen states voted for it.

4. Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia
Constitutional Convention In
spring 1787 the states sent their 55
representatives to Philadelphia in
order to take part in the
Constitutional Convention and to
write a new plan of government.
This group included: George
Washington, Benjamin Franklin,
James Madison.
The project of the constitution was
composed by James Madison.

5. The Constitution
The project included Locke’s idea that
the purpose of government is to
protect natural rights of people to life,
liberty and property. If a government
fails to do so, the people have the
right to rebel against it. He was
convinced that political power came
from the people.
The United States Constitution was
adopted on September 17, 1787, by
the Constitutional Convention in
Philadelphia.

6. Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to
the United States Constitution. Proposed to assuage the fears of Anti-
Federalists who had opposed Constitutional ratification, these
amendments guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the
government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve
some powers to the states and the public.

7. The amendments were introduced
by James Madison to the 1st United
States Congress as a series of legislative
articles. They were adopted by the House
of Representatives on August 21, 1789,
formally proposed by joint resolution of
Congress on September 25, 1789, and
came into effect as Constitutional
Amendments on December 15, 1791,
through the process of ratification by
three-fourths of the states.
James Madison

8. The content of the Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights enumerates freedoms not explicitly indicated in the main body
of the Constitution, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, the right to
keep and bear arms, the freedom of assembly and the freedom to petition. It also
prohibits unreasonable search and seizure, cruel and unusual punishment and
compelled self-incrimination.
In federal criminal cases it requires indictment
by a grand jury for any capital offense, or
infamous crime, guarantees a speedy public
trial with an impartial jury in the district in
which the crime occurred, and prohibits
double jeopardy.

9. The Bill of Rights – Full Text
I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging
the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government
for a redress of grievances.
II. A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms,
shall not be infringed.
III. No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in
a manner to be prescribed by law.
IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and
seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation,
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of
a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or
public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be
compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due
process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the
state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to
have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to
the rules of the common law.
VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
IX. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by
the people.
X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the
states respectively, or to the people.

10. Sources
 http://en.wikipedia.org
 http://ru.wikipedia.org
 http://billofrightsinstitute.org
 http://www.humanrights.com

11. Thank you for attention !