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Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case
1. Explaining Gender Differences in
Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case
Arjen de Wit and René Bekkers
Center for Philanthropic Studies
VU University Amsterdam
ARNOVA 2012 Annual Conference
November 15, Indianapolis
2. Gender Differences in Giving
•
Gender and charitable giving: mixed results
•
No gender differences?
•
Men give higher amounts?
•
Recent studies in US/UK: women more likely
to give and give higher amounts
•
How about the Netherlands?
5. Different Context: the Netherlands
•
Relatively high number of women in labor
force
•
Relatively high number of part-time workers
•
Relatively extensive social programs
14. Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
15. Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Why Do More Women Give?
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
*
16. Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
17. Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
18. Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
19. Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
21. Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
22. Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
23. Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
24. Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
25. Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
*
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
26. Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
*
* *
28. Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
29. Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
30. Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
31. Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
*
32. Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
*
*
33. *
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
*
*
*
35. Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
36. Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
37. Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
*
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
38. Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
*
* *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
39. Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
*
* *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
40. Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
*
* *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
41. Conclusions
•
Prosocial motives fully explain why women
are more likely to give
•
Men give higher amounts, especially when
prosocial motives are taken into account
•
Costs can explain this
42. Conclusions
•
Prosocial motives fully explain why women
are more likely to give
•
Men give higher amounts, especially when
prosocial motives are taken into account
•
Costs can explain this.
43. Conclusions
•
Prosocial motives fully explain why women
are more likely to give
•
Men give higher amounts, especially when
prosocial motives are taken into account
•
Costs can explain this..
44. Conclusions
•
Prosocial motives fully explain why women
are more likely to give
•
Men give higher amounts, especially when
prosocial motives are taken into account
•
Costs can explain this...
45. Conclusions
•
Prosocial motives fully explain why women
are more likely to give
•
Men give higher amounts, especially when
prosocial motives are taken into account
•
Costs can explain this... partly