Ethidium binds to DNA. Ethidium ion is also large.pdf

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Ethidium binds to DNA. Ethidium ion is also largely flat. Ethidium ion intercalates Intercalation is the reversible inclusion/insertion of a molecule (or group) between two other molecules (or groups) This insertion would cause DNA to become mutated, since it might replace nucleotides Solution Ethidium binds to DNA. Ethidium ion is also largely flat. Ethidium ion intercalates Intercalation is the reversible inclusion/insertion of a molecule (or group) between two other molecules (or groups) This insertion would cause DNA to become mutated, since it might replace nucleotides.

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26. DNA molecule contains deoxyribose and is double stranded. 27. Base pairing in DNA are observed between A and T 28. The major goal of the human genome project is to determine the genome sequence of the entire human genome. 29. Living material are observed under the light microscope using a wet mount. 30. To view the detailed structure of an organelle, the appropriate microscope would be electron microscope. 31. The images from microscope can be viewed in all the following methods. 32. The cells which have nuclear material encased inside the nuclear envelope are called as eukaryotes. 33. The inferior of the cell separated from the outside environment by cell membrane. Solution 26. DNA molecule contains deoxyribose and is double stranded. 27. Base pairing in DNA are observed between A and T 28. The major goal of the human genome project is to determine the genome sequence of the entire human genome. 29. Living material are observed under the light microscope using a wet mount. 30. To view the detailed structure of an organelle, the appropriate microscope would be electron microscope. 31. The images from microscope can be viewed in all the following methods. 32. The cells which have nuclear material encased inside the nuclear envelope are called as eukaryotes. 33. The inferior of the cell separated from the outside environment by cell membrane..

26. DNA molecule contains deoxyribose and is double stranded.27. B.pdf

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(A) Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent LiabilitiesCurrent Asse.pdf

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1. what is the central dogma of genetics? ans: Central dogma of genetics leads to the information related that how one information or character is transferred from generation to generation .ie, the flow of information realted to genetics in the cells from DNA to mRNA and lastly in the form of proteins.So all this process how the information from DNA to protein is transferred is the central dogma of genetics. 2.What\'s the difference between mixed culture and pure culture?how do you isolate a pure culture from a mixed culture?Draw out the steps.which quadrent will have the most colonies?which have the least.explain. ans: Difference between mixed and pure culture is that the name itself defines that pure culture is the culture which contains only one organism and in mixed culture it has more than one organisms. There are methods to be followed to get pure culture from a mixed culture.They are....SPREAD plate technique and STREAK plate technique after these techniques several methods are there like staining and all are performed and then organism is stored or used as pure culture. 1st quadrent will have more colonies because this quadrent has been streaked fully so organisms will grow here more.No other quadrent have been streaked so no colonies but quadrent 2 and 4 can have some colonies if streaking is not done properly but quadrent 3 will have least number of colonies. Solution 1. what is the central dogma of genetics? ans: Central dogma of genetics leads to the information related that how one information or character is transferred from generation to generation .ie, the flow of information realted to genetics in the cells from DNA to mRNA and lastly in the form of proteins.So all this process how the information from DNA to protein is transferred is the central dogma of genetics. 2.What\'s the difference between mixed culture and pure culture?how do you isolate a pure culture from a mixed culture?Draw out the steps.which quadrent will have the most colonies?which have the least.explain. ans: Difference between mixed and pure culture is that the name itself defines that pure culture is the culture which contains only one organism and in mixed culture it has more than one organisms. There are methods to be followed to get pure culture from a mixed culture.They are....SPREAD plate technique and STREAK plate technique after these techniques several methods are there like staining and all are performed and then organism is stored or used as pure culture. 1st quadrent will have more colonies because this quadrent has been streaked fully so organisms will grow here more.No other quadrent have been streaked so no colonies but quadrent 2 and 4 can have some colonies if streaking is not done properly but quadrent 3 will have least number of colonies..

1. what is the central dogma of geneticsans Central dogma of gen.pdf

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Phosphorous reacts readily with hydrogen to form hydrides; with halogens to form hallides; With oxygen to form oxides; With sulfur to form sulfides These are few of the important reactions of Phosphorous Solution Phosphorous reacts readily with hydrogen to form hydrides; with halogens to form hallides; With oxygen to form oxides; With sulfur to form sulfides These are few of the important reactions of Phosphorous.

Phosphorous reacts readily with hydrogen to form hydrides; with halo.pdf

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A group of isotopes representing various stages of radioactive decay in which the heavier members of the group are transformed into successively lighter ones, the lightest being stable. In nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive decay products as a chained series of transformations. Most radioactive elements do not decay directly to a stable state, but rather undergo a series of decays until eventually a stable isotope is reached. Decay stages are referred to by their relationship to previous or subsequent stages. A parent isotope is one that undergoes decay to form a daughter isotope. The daughter isotope may be stable or it may decay to form a daughter isotope of its own. The daughter of a daughter isotope is sometimes called a granddaughter isotope. The time it takes for a single parent atom to decay to an atom of its daughter isotope can vary widely, not only for different parent- daughter chains, but also for identical pairings of parent and daughter isotopes. While the decay of a single atom occurs spontaneously, the decay of an initial population of identical atoms over time, t, follows a decaying exponential distribution, e-?t, where ? is called a decay constant. Because of this exponential nature, one of the properties of an isotope is its half-life, the time by which half of an initial number of identical parent radioisotopes have decayed to their daughters. Half-lives have been determined in laboratories for thousands of radioisotopes (or, radionuclides). These can range from nearly instantaneous to as much as 1019 years or more. The intermediate stages often emit more radioactivity than the original radioisotope. When equilibrium is achieved, a granddaughter isotope is present in proportion to its half-life; but since its activity is inversely proportional to its half-life, any nuclide in the decay chain finally contributes as much as the head of the chain. For example, natural uranium is not significantly radioactive, but pitchblende, a uranium ore, is 13 times more radioactive because of the radium and other daughter isotopes it contains. Not only are unstable radium isotopes significant radioactivity emitters, but as the next stage in the decay chain they also generate radon, a heavy, inert, naturally occurring radioactive gas. Rock containing thorium and/or uranium (such as some granites) emits radon gas that can accumulate in enclosed places such as basements or underground mines. Radon exposure is considered the leading cause of lung cancer in non- smokers. Solution A group of isotopes representing various stages of radioactive decay in which the heavier members of the group are transformed into successively lighter ones, the lightest being stable. In nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive decay products as a chained series of transformations. Most radioactive elements do not decay directly to a stable state.

A group of isotopes representing various stages of radioactive decay.pdf

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n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is a common laboratory and industrial chemical. In the form of ?-anhydrite (the nearly anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant. It is also used as a coagulant in products like tofu.[3] In the natural state, unrefined calcium sulfate is a translucent, crystalline white rock. When sold as a color-indicating variant under the name Drierite, it appears blue or pink due to impregnation with Cobalt(II) chloride, which functions as a moisture indicator. The hemihydrate (CaSO4·~0.5H2O) is better known as plaster of Paris, while the dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) occurs naturally as gypsum. The anhydrous form occurs naturally as ß-anhydrite. Depending on the method of calcination of calcium sulfate dihydrate, specific hemihydrates are sometimes distinguished: alpha-hemihydrate and beta- hemihydrate.[4] They appear to differ only in crystal size. Alpha-hemihydrate crystals are more prismatic than beta-hemihydrate crystals and, when mixed with water, form a much stronger and harder superstructure.[5] Solution n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is a common laboratory and industrial chemical. In the form of ?-anhydrite (the nearly anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant. It is also used as a coagulant in products like tofu.[3] In the natural state, unrefined calcium sulfate is a translucent, crystalline white rock. When sold as a color-indicating variant under the name Drierite, it appears blue or pink due to impregnation with Cobalt(II) chloride, which functions as a moisture indicator. The hemihydrate (CaSO4·~0.5H2O) is better known as plaster of Paris, while the dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) occurs naturally as gypsum. The anhydrous form occurs naturally as ß-anhydrite. Depending on the method of calcination of calcium sulfate dihydrate, specific hemihydrates are sometimes distinguished: alpha-hemihydrate and beta- hemihydrate.[4] They appear to differ only in crystal size. Alpha-hemihydrate crystals are more prismatic than beta-hemihydrate crystals and, when mixed with water, form a much stronger and harder superstructure.[5].

n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium su.pdf

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Molarity = moles / Litres of solution. Work out how many moles of each reagent you add to the initial solution. Then use the total volume of the initial solution to determine the molarity. Use this equation to solve. Solution Molarity = moles / Litres of solution. Work out how many moles of each reagent you add to the initial solution. Then use the total volume of the initial solution to determine the molarity. Use this equation to solve..

Molarity = moles Litres of solution. Work out .pdf

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How many ml of .20 M NaOh are required to neutralize 50.0 ml of .41 M HBr? M1 = molarity of HBr = 0.41 M : V1 = volume of HBr = 50.0mL M2 = molarity of NaOH = 0.20 : V2 = volume of NaOH By titration we have M1V1=M2V2 V2=(M1V1)/M2= (0.41*50)/0.20 = 102.5mL NaOH What is the pH of a solution to which 35.0 ml of .20 M HCl and 50.0 ml of .42M NaOH have been combined? Moles = molarity * volume Moles of HCl = 0.50M*(35/1000)L = 0.0175 mol HCl Moles of NaOH = 0.42 M * (50/1000)L=0.021 mol NaOH Moles of NaOH left in the solution = 0.021 - 0.0175 = 0.0035 mol NaOH Molarity of NaOH = moles of NaOH left/ total volume of the solution =0.0034/((50+35)/1000)L = 0.04 M pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(0.04)=1.40 pH + pOH = 14 pH = 14-pOH = 14-1.40 = 12.6 Hope it has help you.... !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Solution How many ml of .20 M NaOh are required to neutralize 50.0 ml of .41 M HBr? M1 = molarity of HBr = 0.41 M : V1 = volume of HBr = 50.0mL M2 = molarity of NaOH = 0.20 : V2 = volume of NaOH By titration we have M1V1=M2V2 V2=(M1V1)/M2= (0.41*50)/0.20 = 102.5mL NaOH What is the pH of a solution to which 35.0 ml of .20 M HCl and 50.0 ml of .42M NaOH have been combined? Moles = molarity * volume Moles of HCl = 0.50M*(35/1000)L = 0.0175 mol HCl Moles of NaOH = 0.42 M * (50/1000)L=0.021 mol NaOH Moles of NaOH left in the solution = 0.021 - 0.0175 = 0.0035 mol NaOH Molarity of NaOH = moles of NaOH left/ total volume of the solution =0.0034/((50+35)/1000)L = 0.04 M pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(0.04)=1.40 pH + pOH = 14 pH = 14-pOH = 14-1.40 = 12.6 Hope it has help you.... !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.

How many ml of .20 M NaOh are required to neutral.pdf

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It looks like you have two molecules there. CH3C.pdf

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In H3O+ ion there are four electronpairs on the valency shell of the central atom . Out of this 4, oneis lone pair of electrons and other three is bond pair electrons.So it is in trigonal pyramidal geometry. Solution In H3O+ ion there are four electronpairs on the valency shell of the central atom . Out of this 4, oneis lone pair of electrons and other three is bond pair electrons.So it is in trigonal pyramidal geometry..

In H3O+ ion there are four electronpairs on the v.pdf

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According to periodic properties Theatomic radius is increases from top to bottom and decreases fromleft to right . Cs+is at IA group lastbutone in that group .So the radius of that ion is having more. And the remaining elements S andSe2+ comes under same group.They are having more radiusthan F . Among the S and Se2+ , S ia having small radius than Se2+.becausein groups size of the ion is increases. The priority Order is Cs+ > Se2+> S > F Fluorine got number 1 . and Cs+got number 4 Solution According to periodic properties Theatomic radius is increases from top to bottom and decreases fromleft to right . Cs+is at IA group lastbutone in that group .So the radius of that ion is having more. And the remaining elements S andSe2+ comes under same group.They are having more radiusthan F . Among the S and Se2+ , S ia having small radius than Se2+.becausein groups size of the ion is increases. The priority Order is Cs+ > Se2+> S > F Fluorine got number 1 . and Cs+got number 4.

According to periodic properties Theatomic radius is increases .pdf

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Why does one would like all of this social control stuff? the most goal is to avoid redundancy in your knowledge. Redundancy will result in numerous anomalies once you modify your knowledge. each truth ought to be keep just one occasion and you ought to grasp wherever to seem for every truth. The social control method brings order to your file. you choose to evolve to bound rules wherever every truth is keep. Nowadays the go-to traditional types ar either the Boyce-Codd traditional form (BCNF), that we\'ll cowl here these days, or the third traditional type (3NF), which can be coated later. (Yes, there are the primary, second, fourth, fifth traditional type. We’ll mention them later.) The Boyce-Codd traditional type A relative schema R is taken into account to be in Boyce–Codd traditional type (BCNF) if, for each one among its dependencies X Y, one among the subsequent conditions holds true: X Y could be a trivial useful dependency (i.e., Y could be a set of X) X could be a superkey for schema R Informally the Boyce-Codd traditional type is expressed as “Each attribute should represent a truth concerning the key, the total key, and zilch however the key.” Solution Why does one would like all of this social control stuff? the most goal is to avoid redundancy in your knowledge. Redundancy will result in numerous anomalies once you modify your knowledge. each truth ought to be keep just one occasion and you ought to grasp wherever to seem for every truth. The social control method brings order to your file. you choose to evolve to bound rules wherever every truth is keep. Nowadays the go-to traditional types ar either the Boyce-Codd traditional form (BCNF), that we\'ll cowl here these days, or the third traditional type (3NF), which can be coated later. (Yes, there are the primary, second, fourth, fifth traditional type. We’ll mention them later.) The Boyce-Codd traditional type A relative schema R is taken into account to be in Boyce–Codd traditional type (BCNF) if, for each one among its dependencies X Y, one among the subsequent conditions holds true: X Y could be a trivial useful dependency (i.e., Y could be a set of X) X could be a superkey for schema R Informally the Boyce-Codd traditional type is expressed as “Each attribute should represent a truth concerning the key, the total key, and zilch however the key.”.

Why does one would like all of this social control stuff the most g.pdf

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We know that absorbance , A = log ( Io / It ) Where Io = intensity of incident light It = intensity of transmitted light = 3 % ofIo = 0.03 Io Plug the values we get A = log ( Io /0.03Io ) = log (1/0.03) = 1.52 Solution We know that absorbance , A = log ( Io / It ) Where Io = intensity of incident light It = intensity of transmitted light = 3 % ofIo = 0.03 Io Plug the values we get A = log ( Io /0.03Io ) = log (1/0.03) = 1.52.

We know that absorbance , A = log ( Io It ) Where Io = intensity.pdf

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(19) D. All of the choices are correct. Explanation: enzymes. ; fluorescent dyes. ; radioisotopes. (20) C. Proteins Western Blot is a common method to detect and analyze proteins. (21) e. Specific genetic marker sequence on genes Fluorescence in situ hybridization is a way to visualize specific sequence on genes. (22) a. DNA to DNA A Southern blot is used for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. It uses labelled DNA probe to detect DNA sequence. (23) a. Hybridize Solution (19) D. All of the choices are correct. Explanation: enzymes. ; fluorescent dyes. ; radioisotopes. (20) C. Proteins Western Blot is a common method to detect and analyze proteins. (21) e. Specific genetic marker sequence on genes Fluorescence in situ hybridization is a way to visualize specific sequence on genes. (22) a. DNA to DNA A Southern blot is used for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. It uses labelled DNA probe to detect DNA sequence. (23) a. Hybridize.

(19)D. All of the choices are correct.Explanation enzymes. ; fl.pdf

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The race industry and its elite enablers take it as self-evident that high black incarceration rates result from discrimination. At a presidential primary debate this Martin Luther King Day, for instance, Senator Barack Obama charged that blacks and whites “are arrested at very different rates, are convicted at very different rates, [and] receive very different sentences . . . for the same crime.” Not to be outdone, Senator Hillary Clinton promptly denounced the “disgrace of a criminal-justice system that incarcerates so many more African-Americans proportionately than whites.” Racial activists usually remain assiduously silent about that problem. But in 2005, the black homicide rate was over seven times higher than that of whites and Hispanics combined, according to the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics. From 1976 to 2005, blacks committed over 52 percent of all murders in America. In 2006, the black arrest rate for most crimes was two to nearly three times blacks’ representation in the population. Blacks constituted 39.3 percent of all violent-crime arrests, including 56.3 percent of all robbery and 34.5 percent of all aggravated- assault arrests, and 29.4 percent of all property-crime arrests. The advocates acknowledge such crime data only indirectly: by charging bias on the part of the system’s decision makers. As Obama suggested in the Martin Luther King debate, police, prosecutors, and judges treat blacks and whites differently “for the same crime.” The media love to target the federal crack penalties because crack defendants are likely to be black. In 2006, 81 percent of federal crack defendants were black, while only 27 percent of federal powder-cocaine defendants were. Since federal crack rules are more severe than those for powder, and crack offenders are disproportionately black, those rules must explain why so many blacks are in prison, the conventional wisdom holds. The press has covered this development voraciously, serving up a massive dose of crack revisionism aimed at proving the racist origins of the war on crack. Crack was never a big deal, the revisionist story line goes. But when Boston Celtics draft pick Len Bias died of a crack overdose in 1986, the media went into overdrive covering the crack phenomenon. “Images—or perhaps anecdotes—about the evils of crack, and the street crime it was presumed to stoke” circulated, as the New York Times archly put it in a December 2007 article. A “moral panic” (Michael Tonry’s term) ensued about an imaginary threat from a powerless minority group. Whites feared that addicted blacks would invade their neighborhoods. Sensational stories about “crack babies” surfaced. All this hysteria resulted in the unnecessary federal crack penalties. Those who tar the criminal-justice system as racist often make a broader claim: incarceration doesn’t even lower crime, making the nation’s skyrocketing prison rolls a particularly senseless injustice. Incarceration foes are right about one thing: the.

The race industry and its elite enablers take it as self-evident tha.pdf

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the resting membrane potential for most animal cells is negative, because the inside of thecell is more negatively charged than the outside of the cell----answer ===================================================================== ========== For the sensory system to capacity, neurons must have the capacity to send and get signals. These signs are conceivable in light of the fact that every neuron has a charged cell layer (a voltage contrast between within and the outside). The charge of this film can change because of neurotransmitter atoms discharged from different neurons and ecological boosts. Any voltage is a distinction in electric potential between two focuses; for instance, the detachment of positive and negative electric charges on inverse sides of a resistive boundary. To see how neurons impart, one should first comprehend the premise of charged films and the standard or \"resting\" layer charge. The lipid bilayer layer that encompasses a neuron is impermeable to charged atoms or particles. To enter or leave the neuron, particles must go through uncommon proteins called particle channels that traverse the film. Particle channels have diverse arrangements: open, shut, and idle . Some particle channels should be actuated with a specific end goal to open and permit particles to go into or out of the cell. These particle channels are touchy to the earth and can change their shape in like manner. Particle channels that change their structure because of voltage changes are called voltage-gated particle channels. Voltage-gated particle channels control the relative centralizations of various particles inside and outside the cell. The distinction in complete charge between within and outside of the phone is known as the layer potential. Particle channel arrangements Voltage-gated particle channels are shut at the resting potential and open in light of changes in film voltage. After enactment, they get to be inactivated for a brief period and will no longer open in light of a flag. Resting Membrane Potential For calm cells, the moderately static layer potential is known as the resting film potential. The resting layer potential is at harmony since it depends on the steady consumption of vitality for its upkeep. It is commanded by the ionic species in the framework that has the best conductance over the layer. For most cells, this is potassium. As potassium is additionally the particle with the most-negative harmony potential, as a rule the resting potential can be not any more negative than the potassium balance potential. A neuron very still is adversely charged on the grounds that within a cell is around 70 millivolts more negative than the outside (70 mV); this number shifts by neuron sort and by species. This voltage is known as the resting film potential and is created by contrasts in the convergences of particles inside and outside the cell. In the event that the film were similarly porous to all particles, every kind of particle woul.

the resting membrane potential for most animal cells is negative, be.pdf

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The given buffer is KH2PO4 Na2HPO4Acidic component of the buffer .pdf

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Stiction or adhesion between the substrate (usually silicon based) and the microstructure occurs during the isotropic wet etching of the sacrificial layer. The capillary forces due to the surface tension of the liquid between the microstructure and substrate during drying of the wet etchant cause the two surfaces to adhere together. Separating the two surfaces is often complicated due to the fragile nature of the microstructure. Stiction is often circumvented by the use of a sublimating fluid (often supercritical CO2, which has extremely low surface tension) drying process where the liquid phase is bypassed. CO2 displaces the rinsing fluid and is heated past the supercritical point. As the chamber pressure is slowly released the CO2 sublimates thereby preventing stiction. Solution Stiction or adhesion between the substrate (usually silicon based) and the microstructure occurs during the isotropic wet etching of the sacrificial layer. The capillary forces due to the surface tension of the liquid between the microstructure and substrate during drying of the wet etchant cause the two surfaces to adhere together. Separating the two surfaces is often complicated due to the fragile nature of the microstructure. Stiction is often circumvented by the use of a sublimating fluid (often supercritical CO2, which has extremely low surface tension) drying process where the liquid phase is bypassed. CO2 displaces the rinsing fluid and is heated past the supercritical point. As the chamber pressure is slowly released the CO2 sublimates thereby preventing stiction..

Stiction or adhesion between the substrate (usually silicon based) a.pdf

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Marsh Corporation Income Statement For the year ended december 31, 2014 Amount ($) Income: Service Revenue A 34600 Expenses: Advertising Expenses 4410 Rent Expenses 14800 Supplies Expenses 1290 Total Expenses B 20500 Net Income A-B 14100 Less: Dividend 7300 Retained Earning 6800 Solution Marsh Corporation Income Statement For the year ended december 31, 2014 Amount ($) Income: Service Revenue A 34600 Expenses: Advertising Expenses 4410 Rent Expenses 14800 Supplies Expenses 1290 Total Expenses B 20500 Net Income A-B 14100 Less: Dividend 7300 Retained Earning 6800.

Marsh Corporation Income Statement For the year ende.pdf

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Q1) Create a frequency table for each of the following variables..pdf

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