This was presented in class by visiting oil processing unit that is located in Parlakhemundi, Odisha during 2018 in my B.Sc. Agriculture. This will be a small guidance for those interested in setting up a small oil processing unit. It might not give you an exact figure but definitely gives you an idea how a processing unit works, its components, pre-processing techniques, post processing work, storage and expected expenditure per year. In short, our objectives were to: (1) To study about oil processing techniques. (2) To analyze the operating risk, financial risk. (3) To measure the impact of total cost management under study. (3) To suggest appropriate measures for the improvement of oil processing unit. (5) To plan to start up a small-scale oil processing unit.

1. WELCOME

2. OILPROCESSING
UNIT
CHADA ANU REDDY
150804130211
B.Sc. (Agriculture)
CUTM

3. TIMELINE:
• We have visited oil processing unit that is located
in parlakhemundi , Odisha.
1st visit on 20.02.18
2nd visit on 27.02.18
3rd visit on 01.03.18
4th visit on 27.03.18
• Introductory presentation was given on 27.01.18
• Progressive presentations are given twice i.e., on
23.02.18 and 03.03.18

4. OBJECTIVES:
• To study about oil processing techniques.
• To analyze the operating risk , financial
risk.
• To measure the impact of total cost
management under study.
• To suggest appropriate measures for the
improvement of oil processing unit.
• To plan to start up a small scale oil
processing unit.

5. ABSTRACT:
What is gram tarang foods?
Introduction (What is oil processing unit?)
Godown/warehouse
Pre-processing techniques
Processing
Machinery
Post processing techniques
Storage
Financial status

6. GRAM TARANG FOODS
Gram tarang foods private limited is a
leading manufacturer and supplier of
cardamom seed oil and cinnamon
bark oil , clove bud oil from
parlakhemundi , odisha , India.
• proprietor of gram tarang is
Mr.SHASHIKANT TEWARY.
• The person who work under him is
Ashish panda.

7. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS OIL PROCESSING UNIT?
An oil processing plant is a facility
which performs processing of
production fluids from oil wells in
order to separate out key components
and prepare them for export.
now we are going to explain
ginger (Zingiber officinalis) oil
processing.

8. GODOWN
/WAREHOUSE
A place where
huge amount of
raw materials are
stored is termed
as GODOWN.
 Generally it is
of two types :
1.organic
godown
2.conventional
godown

9. Contd...
• The capacity of the godown is 50 tonnes.
• The raw materials are selected based on
the requirement of the customer.
• To this oil processing unit raw materials
are obtained from phulbani and
kandamala districts.
• The moisture percentage to be maintained
in the godown is <7%

10. Contd...
• Two different raw materials must not be
kept in the same place with in the godown
as it effects the fragrance and quality of
oil.

11. PRE-PROCESSING
TECHNIQUES
SORTING
PULVERIZING
SORTING:
Removal of diseased raw material and
separating them according to their size
and shape etc.

12. Contd....
PULVERIZING:
The device used is : pulverizer
Pulverizer is a mechanical device
which makes the larger sized raw
materials into smaller size and this
process is known as PULVERIZATION.
• The pulverizer used in this process is
micro-pulverizer which makes the raw
materials into powdered form.

13. Contd.
.. This process is done to
increase the contact area
between the raw materials
and co2 gas during
processing .
This process increases the
oil content.
Mesh sieve size:50-100
Capacity:60-70/hr
10hp motor with 6000
RPM
 it is made up of Stainless
steel
air inlet,hoppers,outlet.

15. Contd....
PILOT UNIT:
It is used for
small scale
purpose.
COMMERCIAL
UNIT:
It is used for
large scale
purpose.

16. PROCESSING
Product(water + oil+ wax)
feeding the raw materials
intoextractor
Raw material (ginger)
weighing
sorting
separator
pulverizing
Centrifugation
Final product(ginger oil)

17. Contd....
Co
2
cyli
nd
ers
Co2
tank
s
Co2
Chill
er
Co2
pumps
Superfi
cial co2
heaters
Extractor
Heat
exchan
ger
Separa
tor
Conde
nser

18. 1.co2
cylinders
• These are used for storing
co2 gas.
• Each cylinder weighs
35kg.
• CHARGING AREA: it is
the area where co2 gas is
filled into the cylinder.
• When the co2 cylinders
are removed the pressure
inside the cylinder is less
than the atmospheric
pressure.
• Charging is done inorder
to create pressure
difference i.e., high inside
the co2 cylinders.

19. Contd....
• After completion of
the processing co2
cylinders are removed
from the co2 tank,at
this stage the gas in
solid form.
• After removing the
cylinders hot water is
poured on to the
cylinders externally,
inorder to expand the
gas i.e, into gaseous

20. 2.CO2
TANKS • These are the tanks in which
the co2 cylinders are kept.
• In each tank 3-4 co2
cylinders are kept.
• Capacity of each tank is 150
kg approximately.
• The temperature maintained
is 5°to -2°c
• The pressure inside the tank
is 51 bar.
• Due to this high pressure the
gaseous form of co2 is
pumped into co2 chillers.

21. 3.CO2
CHILLER • The function of the co2
chiller is to convert
gaseous co2 into liquid
co2.
• Here the co2 is converted
to liquid form inorder to
facilitate easy
pumping(pumping of gas
requires special
techniques).
• From the co2 chillers the
gas moves to the co2
pumps.

22. 4.Co2 PUMPS
• The function of co2 pumps is to increase
the temperature above 75 bar.
• Maximum working pressure is 300 bar.
(working at 261 bar pressure)
• Here there are 3 co2 pumps in which 2
pumps are used regularly and the 3rd one
is stand by pump (used when any of the
two pumps do not work)

24. 5.SUPER
CRITICAL CO2
HEATER
• CRITICAL POINT:It is the
point where the gas and
liquid has same density
i.e, co2 express both gas
and liquid properties.
• The temperature above
the critical point is called
super critical point.
• The temperature below
the critical point is called
sub critical point.

25. Contd...
• At normal conditions co2 is water soluble
but at super critical point co2 is oil
soluble(co2 dissolve in the oil but do not
react).
• To obtain super critical point we require :
a. High pressure above 74 bar
b. Temperature above 31°c.
• co2 now moves to the extractor

26. 6.EXTRACTOR
• The function of the
extractor is to
extract the oils.
• Powdered form of
raw material is fed
into the upper
portion of the
extractor.
• the pressure
maintained inside
the extractor is 300
bar.

27. Contd...
• Upto 65-80kgs of raw
material can be fed in
each batch
• This batch process is
followed because it
takes much
time(30min-1hr) to
empty the extractor.
• The upper portion
contain a lid which is
used to cover the
extractor.

30. Contd...
• The extractor
processes under
batch wise i.e,if single
extractor works it is a
single batch , if two
extractors work it is
known as double
batch and so on.
• The extractor has a
hole through which it
is connected to BPRV
.

31. 7.BPRV
• Backside of the
extractor is connected
to BPRV(back
pressure regulating
valve).
• It maintains the
pressure difference
between the
extractor(300bar) and
heat exchanger (40-

32. 8.HEAT EXCHANGER
• It is used to maintain the
temperature of water at 60°c and
pressure at 40-45 bar.
• Now the co2 in the heat
exchanger is in normal condition
i.e,water soluble.
• The heat exchangers are in the
slant positions inorder to move

33. 9.SEPARATOR AND
CONDENSER
• The extractor used is jacketed extractor i.e,
• There are two separators:
a) Separator-1:from this the heavier fractions
i.e, oleoresin(oil+resin) are collected.
b) Separator-2:from this the lighter fractions i.e,
oil comes out.
• The co2 gets separated into the top portion
of the separator(20°c) and moves to the
condenser(5-10°c) and then, to the co2
storage tank(5 to -2°c)

34. SEPARATOR AND CONDENSOR

35. HEATING AND COOLING
• The heating and cooling of the water in the
oil extraction process is done by:
A. Water heater: the tap water is heated by
LPG, and this water moves to the hot
water tank where the heat is supplied
with the help of pumps.

37. Contd...
B.Water chiller:
• it is used to cool the water (6 to -5°c)
• There are three water chillers in which:
1. Waterchiller-1: for co2 tanks
2. Waterchiller-2: for condensor1
3. Waterchiller-3: for condensor2

38. AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC
VALVE
• A hydraulic valve properly directs the flow
of a liquid medium , usually oil.
• As it is worked under high pressure it has
6 valves,in which 3 are present in extractor
inlet and 3 are present in extractor outlet.
• All the equipments are made of plastic or
stainless steel.

39. POST PROCESSING
• After processing the product which we get
from the separator contain oil+water+wax.
• We can separate them(water and wax) by
using centrifuge.
• After centrifuge the product we get is in
darker colour due to the presence of co2 .
• Later it is kept undisturbed for 10-15 days
so that co2 will be removed and become
lighter in colour.

41. STORAGE
• The oil is stored in drums , each
of which is 30kg.
• There are two types of storage
rooms:
1. Organic storage room.
2. Conventional extraction storage
room.

42. ANALYSIS:
particulars cost
Cost of installation 5cr
•Total land – 1 acre
•It is on lease for 99 years(agreement) and rent paid /year.
1000
Cost of electricity and other repair works-
1 lakh /month. (12 X 1lakh) per year
1200000
•Total workers -11
•Salary of each worker – 7000-16000/-
•Average salary for year for all 11 workers -12X12000
132000
Cost of insurance for raw materials , machinery , employs 110000
TOTAL EXPENDATURE per year. 265000

43. Contd..
They process 15tons of raw materials at a
time and we get yield of 5% of the raw
materials (i.e. for 15tons raw material we get
700kgs of oil)
Cost of 1kg of oil is 4,800/-
Total income – 700 X 4,800 =33,60,000/- ( for
one cycle of process )
The total turnover is 1.3cr.( i.e. 4 processings
) (2016 -2017 )
The oil processing unit get a profit =
13000000- 265000 = 12735000/-

44. Contd..
At present the unit is under loss
because it was installed in 2012
on NOV 30th and not recover the
installation cost (5cr)
They sell their product mostly to
Himalaya drugs and natural
remedies company.

45. FINDINGS & SUGGESTIONS:
Much amount of water is wasted during
cooling of co2 cylinders.
• This water can be collected and can be
reused in cooling towers.
The spent material is dumped outside of
the village.
• This can be used for the preparation of
compost and can be used even for colour
extraction.

46. Contd....
During the processing much amount of
dust is produced which may cause
respiratory problems to the people who
are working in the unit and to the people
who are staying around the oil processing
unit.
• Oil processing unit must be constructed in
the village or city outskirts and should
have proper dust absorbents equipments.

47. OVER ALL EXPERIENCE
The research study gave us
experience to plan up a
processing unit in future. Large
amount of raw material can be
processed in less time when all
the equipments (extractors) are
used at a time through which we
can save time and get early

49. THANK
YOU