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2. AUXILIARY VERBS

4.  It is a verb such as be, do
and have used with main
verbs to show tense and to
form questions and
negatives.
Auxiliary Verbs

5. Auxiliaries
Primary
Auxiliaries
Model
Auxiliaries

6. Primary
Auxiliaries
Be Hav
e
Do
Am
Is
Was
Are
Wer
e
Has
Hav
e
Had
Do
Doe
s
Did

7. Model
Auxiliaries
Will,
Would,
shall,
should
Can,
could,
may,
might,
Must,
used to,
need,
dare,
ought to

8. MODEL AUXILIARIES
A verb such as will, can, or may that is used with
another verb to express possibility, permission
and intention. Model Auxiliaries are used
 To seek permission
 To give permission
 To express Possibility
 To express Probability
 To express Obligation
Be, have are all ways follow by
participles. The other auxiliaries are always
followed by infinitives.

9. BE-THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF BE- AM, IS, WAS,
ARE ,WERE, BEEN, BEING.
 The auxiliary be is used in the formation of the
continuous tense.
 I am writing.
 Be is used in the formation of the passive voice.
 The gate was opened.
 be followed by the infinite is used to indicate a plan.
 I am to see him tomorrow.
 Be followed by the infinite is used to denote command.
 You are to write your name at the top of each sheet
of Paper.

10. HAVE
 The auxiliary have is used in the formation of
the perfect tenses.
 He has worked.
 Have do is used with the infintive to indicate
obligation.
 I have to be there by five o’clock.
 Had do is used to express obligation in the
past.
 He had to moved the Purniture himself.

11. DO
 The auxiliary do is used do form the negative and
interrogative of the present tense and past tense of
ordinary verbs.
He does not work.
Did he work?
 Do is used to avoid repetition of a previous ordinary
verbs.
She sings well, yes, she, does.
 Do is emphasis the affirmative nature of a statement.
You do look pale.
 In the imperative sentences, do makes a recollect or
invitation more persuasive.
Do be quite.
Oh, do come.

12. MODEL AUXILIARIES
Model auxiliaries do not
have the third person singular s form,
ing form or past participial en form. One
model auxiliary can express several
meanings.
1) Will:
Will is used to express,

13. Willingness
command
futurity intention
insistence
prediction

14. I will visit him tomorrow.
futurity
Drinking will damage your health.
prediction
We will go to Ooty on a picnic.
intention
2) Would :
Would is used to express,

15. WOULD

16. He said that he would start the day
after.
futurity
Would you please pass the jam?
request
I would like to join your party.
wish
3) Shall:
Shall is used to express,

17. SHALL
Command
intention
thread compulson
determination
promise

18.  You shall not touch the pocket.
command
 We shall question them for this.
determination
 We shall present your problem there.
promise

19. SHOULD
SHOULD IS USED TO EXPRESS,
furturity instruction
purpose
advice
obligationduty
should

20.  You should complete your work this
evening.
instruction
 You should take regular exercise.
advice
 I shall served my country.
obligation

21. CAN:
CAN IS USED TO EXPRESS,
ablity
seeking
permission
Polite request
possiblity

22. YOU CAN SOLVE THIS PROBLEM
ABILITY
IT IS A HOLIDAY. SHE CAN BE AT HOME.
POSSIBILTY
6)Could:
Could is used to express,
could
suggestion seekin
g
permissio
n
Polite
request
Past
ablity

23. COULD I GO OUT FOR A WALK?
SEEKING PERMISSION
COULD YOU PLEASE LEND ME YOUR PEN?
POSITED REQUEST
7)May
may is used to express,
may
possibility Seeking
permission
wish purpose

24.  MAY I COME IN?
SEEKING PERMISSION
8)Might:
might express,
Might
possibility probability request
I thought he might be at home.
possibility
He might not help you.
probability

25. 9)Must:
must is used to express,
Must
necessity duty compulsion prohibition
You must improve your spelling.
necessity
You must not step on the lang.
prohibition

26. 10) USED TO :
USED TO IS USED TO EXPRESS,
USED TO
A DISCONTINUED HAVE IT.
* I USED TO LIVE THEIR WHEN I WAS A
GIRE.
 11)Need:
Need is used to express,
Need
Necessity suggestion desirability
•You need not go.
necessity
•Need I join you tomorrow.

27. 12)DARE:
DARE IS USED TO EXPRESS,
DARE
CHALLENGE
HOW DARE YOU TELL ME THIS?
CHALLENGE
13)Ought to:
Ought to is used to indicate,
Ought to
Moral
obligation
duty probability

28.  We ought to love our neighbors.
moral obligation
 We ought to obey the rules.
duty
This book ought to be very useful.
probability