ROle of Climate change on Seeds of Pulses

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Page 1
Role of climate on Seed
production of Pulses
Dr.AL.NArAyANAN. M.Sc.(Ag).Ph.D.,
Professor of AgroNomy
narayanan69@rediffmail.com

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Topics for discussion
Introduction
Total Solar Radiation
Temperature : Maximum & Minimum
Total Rainfall : Temporal & Spatial variation
Mean Relative Humidity and
Vapour Pressure Deficit
Mean Wind velocity & Direction
Soil temperature dynamics
Evaporation and Transpiration
Conclusion

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Introduction
Weather – Day to day Physical changes in the atmosphere in a
given place at a particular time
Climate – Average of weather conditions in a larger area for a
longer period of time
Weather - Critical factor influencing -Production
Weather phenomena - depends - Crop Phenophase.
Weather – like other input- direct no cost technology
Crop- climate relationship – complex – not mostly interrogated.
Abnormal weather- critical- hamper- seed production
Pulses- warm weather crop, Annual RF - 600 to 1000 mm, altitude
of 1800 m, - optimum temp is 28°C to 32°C. < 10°C germination
critical
Need Strategies- face –weather- IMD-WMO- ICAR-plan.

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1. Total Solar Radiation
Radiant Energy
Short wave & Long wave
Physiology – Rate of absorption, translocation,
and transpiration
Long wave- more inclined radiation-and night
re-radiation – Respiration
Green house – restrict shortwave – permits-
long wave radiation : Reduced heat :Tropical
Glass house – Permits – SW- Restricts LW :
Trap heat :Temperate countries

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Contd.,
Black gram - short-day - flower in 12 to 13hrs
Flowering - delayed - altitude increases- less
ambient temperature
BSSH - sowing to flower bud initiation
(vegetative phase) & total duration of crop -
significant positive correlation with grain
yield.
Lower light intensity generally affects the seed
setting & shriveled pods are produced.
( Rani Nallebelli 2013)

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2. Temperature : Max & Min.
Level of hotness of a body
Cardinal Temperatures : Max, Min & Optimum
Metabolic activity – decided by Temperature
Min. Temp: No physiological activity-
Dormancy
Heat Unit Concept / Thermal Unit Concept /
Growing Degree Day (GDD)
Degree Day: Departure of daily mean
temperature from base temperature.
Base temp.: Temp. below which there will be no
physiological activity in plant.
Tb: Pulses:10o
C,
GDD = ∑[Tmax. + Tmin. / 2] – Tb
ie. Tmean - Tbase

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Pulses
Optimum temperature : 28°C to 32°C
Germination -14-16 °C
Crop performance - best :
25-30°C.(www.icrisat.org.)
Embryo -killed : 54 °C of soil
temperature
Reproductive stage :24-27 °C
Pollen sterility 33 °C˃
Contd.,

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Canopy temperature

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3.Rainfall
Precipitation : Various forms : rain, Snow, fog,
mist, dew,etc.,
Rainfall – Temporal & Spatial variation :Climate
fluctuation
Transpiration rate – reduced due excess rain
Pulses : 600-1000 mm ARF
Frost, severe drought , water stagnation - not
preferred for pulse.
Total RF during vegetative phase -significant
positive correlation with grain yield
(Rani Nallebelli, 2013).

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4. Relative humidity (VPD)
RH : Water vapour- Pressure-Vapour
Pressure
VPD : Difference in pressure exerted by
atmosphere- given time- saturation
condition
Transpiration- Primarily- VPD
Blackgram - Mean morning RH at
vegetative phase of growth showed
significant positive correlation with grain
yield, whereas other phases are not
significantly influence on the grain yield

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PsychrometerPsychrometer

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5. Wind velocity
Horizontal movement : Wind
Vertical movement : Air current
Velocity: >13 kmph : Risk
Physiology : wind velocity
Hot and dry wind
Cool and wet wind
Needs Research info

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Aerial view of field wind break

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6. Soil temperature
Difference behavior – Ambient
temperature
Day time : insolation- shortwave-
absorption- conduction- re radiation-
convection – atmosphere
Colour- texture- structure-other physical
properties
Dewfall -resultant –effect -re-radiation
during night time.
Soil temperature decides the
germinability of the seeds.

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Evaporation and transpiration - two
key factors -physiology -crop
production.
Necessary Evil- Optimum – favoured.
Lower values of evaporation at
vegetative phase of early sown crops
→ ↑yield of black gram
7. Evaporation and
Transpiration

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Effect of varieties and date of sowing on mean grain yield (Kg ha-1
) on
Summer irrigated black gram

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S.
No
Regression equation Stage R2
Level
of
signific
ance
1 Y=4471.9-15.502 BSSH Vegetative 0.454 1%
2 Y=5265.2-179.591 Tmin. Reproductive 0.375 1%
3 Y=(-)4385.2+40.433 Tmax-7.368 BSSH-
150.963 RF +116.843 RH2
Maturity 0.794 1%
4 Y=6052.6-9.551 BSSH
Total
duration
0.498 1%
Step wise regression equation for black gram grain yield and direct weather
parameters

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Conclusion
BSSH, T max and Tmin. temperatures, RH –II and
RF significantly contributed to the grain yield.
Suitable sowing window -favourable weather
conditions -produce quality seeds.
Farm -wind breaks & shelter belts -suitable
microclimate - Seed production.
‘Be Weather wise Other wise Not wise’
Manage weather - rather than control
Weather forecasting – GKMS- IMD.
Regional level-135 centres- Block level- DAMU

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Contd….

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Operational communication linkage between Agromet Advisory Service
Unit and end-users (farmers) for effective communication
Forecast from IMD, New Delhi
State Met Centres
Agromet Advisory Bulletin
by AMFUs
Postal
Contact
Personal
Contact
Radio News Papers
KVK
State Agril. Dept.
Farmer
Television
SMS on
mobile

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Page 25
Thank
You

ROle of Climate change on Seeds of Pulses

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