OUTLINETOPIC ANIMAL TESTING ARGUMENT CON AGAINST You w.docx

OUTLINE
TOPIC : ANIMAL TESTING
ARGUMENT: CON/ AGAINST
You will use library databases to research your side of the
argument. You will then create an outline of your argument of
the controversial topic ANIMAL TESTING.
1. Find two to four resources from the library that supports
your argument. (CON/AGAINST ARGUMENT )
2. Construct an outline of the main points important to your side
of the controversy.
3. Your outline must include a reference page in correct APA
format.
Term Project
Comparative Financial Statement Analysis of Spirit Airlines and
Jet Blue, 2015-2017

ACC 770- Managerial Accounting
I. Introduction
II. Business History and Future
a. Industry
b. Spirit Airline
c. JetBlue
III. Financial Analysis
a. Ratio analysis explanation
i. Liquidity ratios
ii. Activity Ratio
iii. Solvency Ratio
iv. Profitability Ratio
b. Horizontal and Vertical Analysis
i. Overview

ii. Complementary application
IV. Liquidity Analysis
a. Industry
b. Spirit Airlines
c. JetBlue
V. Activity Analysis
a. Industry
b. Spirit Airlines
c. JetBlue
VI. Solvency Analysis
a. Industry
b. Spirit Airlines
c. JetBlue
VII. Profitability Analysis
a. Industry
b. Spirit Airlines
c. JetBlue
VIII. Horizontal and Vertical Analysis
IX. Comparative Analysis
a. Creditworthiness analysis
i. Short-term
ii. Long-term
b. Investment attractiveness
c. Recommendations
X. Summary and conclusions
XI. References/ Bibliography
XI. Appendices
Introduction:The report is the partial requirement of Managerial
Accounting course. The objective is analyzing and comparing
two companies of same industry for the purpose of forming
sensible decision bases on financial statements, historical data
and market news about its standing.The report has analyzed and
compared Spirit airline and JetBlue Airline. The scope of the
report is to see the trends of industry thereby, analyze

companies position in terms of industry. Moreover, past
analysis also provide an assistance in forming recommendations
and insight of the particular company.The methodology of
entire report is mainly on ratio calculations and its
interpretations. Then it provides brief summary of evaluating
short term and long term creditworthiness along with the
investment attractiveness.The future of airline industry is
slightly unpredictable for the perspective of investment,
because demand for air tickets is increasing but demand for
stocks has decreased overtime. Business History, Overview and
FutureIndustry History and Overview:
Since the birth of flight in 1903, air travel has emerged as a
crucial means of transportation for people, products and
animals. The hundred-plus years following the invention of the
first aircraft have brought about a revolution in the way
people travel. The airline business is a major industry, relied
upon by millions not only for transportation but also as a way of
making a living.
In early years, flying was considered a risk endeavor. In 1925, a
development of an act “Air Mail Act” bring much revolution in
airline industry by allowing the postmaster to contract with
private airlines to deliver mail. Shortly thereafter, the Air
Commerce Act gave the Secretary of Commerce power to
establish airways, certify aircraft, license pilots, and issue and
enforce air traffic regulations. The first
commercial airlines included Pan American, Western Air
Express and Ford Transport Service. Within 10 years, many
modern-day airlines, had emerged as major players.
In 1938, Civil Aeronautics Board, commonly called CAB was
established. This board served numerous functions, the two
most significant being determining airlines' routes of travel and
regulating prices for passenger fares. And further in 1958, the
Federal Aviation Agency came in to being, now known as the
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), to manage safety
operations, and resulting disbandment of CAB as FAA took
control of its operations and now evolved with numerous

functions in current era. Such as, aircraft and airmen safety and
certifications along with providing repair stations, airport
compliances, air traffic control and airmen and aircraft trainings
and testing.
Airline Industry is benefiting from growing income level in the
country, allowing people to fly to their destinations in short
span of time. Growth in tourism is also a major strength for the
industry resulting increase in number of domestic and
international air travelling.
Air travel has continued to grow over time and is one of those
industries that are far away from reaching their peak. This can
be partly attributed to the ever growing population and the
increase in the propensity of people to fly. Another major
advantage of the industry is low cost growing airlines can also
share similar strengths with big brand names in this industry
such as safety and speed, both main attributions can easily
apply to both players of the industry. Airline staff consists of
highly trained personnel, which is a major strength, to any
organization in the industry.
Despite of the strengths, Airline industry facing mountain of
problems as well. In past “9/11” impacted the industry with
substantial decreased in travel business. The event greatly
magnified the airlines’ issues, leading to a sharp decline in
customers and significantly higher operating costs. Losses
continued for years; the industry as a whole didn't return to
profitability until 2006. A relatively stable period followed,
although controversies arose over service quality and passenger
treatment in terms of flight delays, particularly those involving
planes waiting on the runway. In 2010 and 2011, the U.S.
Department of Transportation issued a series of rules mandating
that the airlines provide adequate modifications for passengers
in extenuating circumstances. As a result, airline industry
showed much improvement in safety and speed and now overall,
air travel has marked safety record and has generally accepted
as a safe and fast way to travel.
Other problems that industry is facing such as pilot shortages,

too much congestion in skies because of too many airplanes
travelling at same time, environmental issue like toxic smoke or
odors from plan’s engine, dramatic increase in animal related
incidents, high operation cost, climate challenges like
Hurricanes, passengers’ comfort and health issues (transfer of
communicable diseases) and etc.
Industry Future:
One can predict an innovative future in the industry in terms of
more customized air travel, comfort, privacy and fastest mode
of travel with more airports and runways. Future seems to be
more demanding however, experts predicting war on resources.
For example, on fuel prices and exchanges.
Several aircraft manufacturers, including Airbus, Boeing,
Bombardier and Embraer, estimate the future demand for air
transport in the form of revenues. The most recent estimates
suggest that demand for air transport will increase by an
average of 4.3% per annum over the next 20 years. That implies
that demand for air travel will increase by a factor of 2.3 over
the period. If this growth path is achieved, then in 2036 the air
transport industry will contribute 15.5 million direct jobs and
$1.5 trillion of GDP to the world economy.
Spirit Airlines
History and Overview:
The company was founded in 1964 as Clipper Trucking
Company in Michigan, and in 1974 changed its name to Ground
Air Transfer, Inc. In 1983, the company started doing business
as Charter One, a Detroit-based charter tour operator providing
travel packages to entertainment destinations such as Atlantic
City, Las Vegas and the Bahamas. In 1992, Charter One

changed its name to Spirit Airlines, brought jet equipment into
the fleet, and thereafter began adding scheduled passenger
service to destinations such as Fort Lauderdale, Detroit, Myrtle
Beach, Los Angeles and New York. Spirit relocated its
headquarters to Miramar, Florida in December 1999. Expansion
continued with the addition of the Chicago market, as well as
coast-to-coast service to Los Angeles. In November 2001, Spirit
inaugurated service to San Juan, Puerto Rico and implemented a
fully-integrated Spanish language customer service plan,
including a website and dedicated reservation line. May and
June 2002 brought new service to Las Vegas, as well as
expanded service in nearly every market. Fall of 2003 brought
Spirit to Washington, DC’s Reagan National Airport and
Cancun, Mexico. In fall 2004, Spirit introduced service to Santo
Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Transition to Low-Cost Carrier and Ultra Low Cost Carrier
Investment funds managed by Oak tree gained control of Spirit
after making investments in 2004 and 2005 bringing a change in
business strategy and positioning of Spirit as a low-cost carrier
with a focus on expanding Caribbean and Latin American
routes. Several unprofitable domestic routes were closed and
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport was
established as Spirit’s main base of operations. In 2006, Indigo
acquired a majority stake in the airline, and Spirit began
implementing its Ultra Low Cost Carrier (ULCC) business
model and further expanded its Caribbean and Latin American
routes.
From 2005 – 2011, Spirit kept added new flights and this period
is full of expansion to Bahamas, Jamaica and US Virgin Islands
to Puerto Rica. In 2009, Spirit added Santiago, Dominican
Republic, and Medellin and Armenia, Colombia, to its route
map, along with new service from Fort Lauderdale to both Los
Angeles and Las Vegas, as well as additional service in existing
markets. Expansion in existing markets continued in 2010 along
with new service to Barranquilla, Colombia.
The company operates approximately 450 daily flights to 60

destinations in the United States, the Caribbean, and Latin
America. As of December 31, 2017, the company had a fleet of
112 Airbus single-aisle aircraft comprising 31 A319s, 51
A320ceos, 5 A320neos, and 25 A321ceos.
Their ULCC business model provides customers very low,
unbundled base fares with a range of optional services, allowing
customers the freedom to choose only the options they value.
The success of the model is driven by our low cost structure,
which permits them to offer very low base fares while
maintaining one of the highest profit margins in the industry.
They aggressively use low fares to stimulate air travel demand
in order to increase passenger volume. Company strive to be
recognized by our customers and potential customers as the
low-fare leader in the markets we serve.
Future of Spirit Airlines
The two things that stand out most about Spirit Airlines are its
low fares and high number of complaints. Spirit has improved
on time performance and cut its complaint rate by more than
half in last few years, and continue to strive for in future.
According to their leadership, they will grow capacity from 4%
to 6% over the next three years and their goal is to have 80% of
flights arrive on time in next two years. They also report
expected operating cost raise due to new pilot contract from $85
million to $90 million annually, which reduces earnings per
share by about a dollar.
JetBlue:
Brief History and Overview:
The JetBlue Airways Corporation is a low-cost airline that was
founded by Utah entrepreneur David Neeleman. JetBlue’s
corporate headquarters is located in Forest Hills, New York and
the airline’s main hub is based on JFK airport in New York
City. In the airline’s early years, it was considered to be one of
the fastest growing airlines within the U.S. market. JetBlue was

incorporated on August 24, 1998 and its operations commenced
in early 2000. Originally, the corporation was known as New
Air but in July of 1999 it changed the corporation’s name to
JetBlue Airways. From the airline’s first flight, it has been able
to “cater to the niche market comprising of customers that it
defines as ‘underserved customers’—those looking for better
features and benefits that aren’t provided by low-cost carriers
and at a reasonable price that aren’t provided by network
carriers”
JetBlue started with two newly leased Airbus with its first route
from New York to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Within six months,
company began service to Buffalo. And in a year they grew
rapidly, had 300 call centers with the option of employees
working at home saved company’s overhead cost with big
margin.
In December 2000, JetBlue announced millionth customers and
third profitable month. This was considered an amazing
achievement in a short period of time in airline businesses
because, this was the time when start up national airlines were
forced to file bankruptcy due to rising fuel prices. It reported
about $100 million in revenues but no annual profit yet. By this
time, the company was flying to ten destinations. In February
2001, JetBlue filled a higher percentage of its seats (79.9
percent) than any other U.S. carrier. Further, the "JetBlue"
effect was credited with lower fares and increasing service at
other airlines operating in New York.
By June 2001, it was operating a fleet of 14 planes with 76
flights a day. It further planned to acquire a new plane every
five weeks until 2008. However, Airbus was unable to deliver
enough new planes in time, Jet Blue announced plan to buy as
many as 48 planes for as much as $2.5 billion from Paris Air
Show in June 2001. At the time, the company had another 68
planes already on order and 15 in service.
The company was touted as the first airline launched from
scratch in the computer age. Pilots received laptop computers. A

"telemedicine" service was introduced, allowing in-flight
consultation with physicians. They are first among in airlines,
which aired taped shows, launched with joint venture between
Harris corporation and Sextant in-flight systems. Their in-flight
entertainment system boasted 24 channels of live satellite
television broadcast at every seat.
In June 2014, JetBlue introduced Mint, first premium-class
option, on flights from New York to Los Angeles and San
Francisco operated with Airbus A321-200 aircraft outfitted with
16 lie-flat seats, four of which are suites. With Mint, JetBlue
introduced an alternative to outdated business class offerings.
In November 2015, JetBlue expanded its highly successful Mint
service on flights to the Caribbean, from New York (JFK) to
Aurba and Barbados, two of its most popular Caribbean routes.
It continued to expand with mint new routes between New York
and Grenada and between Boston and Aruba.
Jet blue become the first airline to resume commercial flights to
Cuba after more than 55 years of air travel to Cuba limited to
charter services. JetBlue had fled the first regularly scheduled
flight from US to Cuba, left footprint for other national carriers.
The low- cost carrier was one of ten U.S. airlines that received
tentative approval from America’s Department of
Transportation (DoT) to launch Cuban services. The two former
Cold War enemies restored diplomatic ties 2016.
Future of JetBlue:
JetBlue is facing decline in its share return since last three
years continuously, is now looking to boost earnings by
expanding in three key cities and plan to sell more travel
services such as car rentals and hotels.
They announced a plan on Oct 2018 to broaden their revenue.
This initiative would result in earnings per share of as much as
$3 in 2020, that would top the $2.21 average of analysts’
estimates compiled by Bloomberg. Company is targeting a net
operating profit margin of 10 percent in 2020, up from 7.3
percent this year, and a return on invested capital of as much as
13 percent compared with 8.2 percent. JetBlue said it has

achieved $171 million of savings under a previously announced
program to reduce structural costs by $250 million to $300
million by 2020.Financial Statements and Analysis
SPIRIT AIRLINE - Ratios
Liquidity

12/31/2017
12/31/2016
12/31/2015
12/31/2014
Current
Current Asset
Current Liability
1.98
1.83
2.20
1.97
Quick
Current Assets - Inventory
Current liability
1.98
1.83
2.2
1.97
Asset Management/ Activity Ratio
Average collection period
Average Net Account Receivable
One day Sales
16.43
12.60
5.91
4.81
Inventory turnover
Cost of goods sold
Average inventory
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
Account Receivable Turn over
Net Credit Sales
Average net Account Receivables
22.22
56.45
75.76
85.15
Financial Leverage
Debt
Total Liabilities
Total Assets
0.57
0.56
0.52
0.37
Times interest earned
EBIT
Interest Expense
9.32
17.05
57.92
40.58
Profitability
Return on Net Sales
Net Income
Net Sales
0.16

0.11
0.15
0.12
Return on Assets
Net Income + interest Expense
Average total Assets
0.11
0.09
0.13
0.15
Return on stockholders' common equity
Net Income - Preferred dividend
Average common shareholders' equity
60086.57
37839.86
45317.14
32209.14
Earnings Per Share of common Stock
Numbers of shares of common stock outstanding
6.06
3.76
4.38
3.08
Market-based/ Investment
Dated 12/31/2017
12/31/2016
12/31/2015
12/31/2014
Price-to earnings
Market Price per share of common Stock
Earnings per share
7.38
15.39
9.1
24.7

Dividend Yield
Dividend per share of common (or preferred) stock
market Price per Share
No Dividend
N/A
N/A
N/A
Book Value per share of common Stock
Total Shareholders' equity - Preferred Equity
Number of shares of common stock outstanding
26.06
20.12
17.13
13.78
JETBLUE Ratios
Liquidity
12/31/2017
12/31/2016
12/31/2015
12/31/2014
Current
Current Asset
Current Liability
0.50
0.63
0.60
0.62
Quick

Current Assets - Inventory
Current liability
0.48
0.61
0.58
0.60
Asset Management/ Activity Ratio
Day's sales in receivable
Average Net Account Receivable
One day Sales
12.75
11.48
8.76
8.53
Inventory turnover
Cost of good sold
Average inventory
79.44
74.55
84.44
90.42
Assets Turnover
Sales
Average Net Assets
0.72
0.71
0.74
0.74
Account Receivable Turn over
Net Credit Sales
Average net Account Receivables
28.63

31.81
41.66
42.77
Financial Leverage
Debt
Total Liabilities
Total Assets
0.51
0.57
0.63
0.68
Times interest earned
EBIT
Interest Expense
11.76
12.74
9.96
3.79
Profitability
Return on Net Sales
Net Income
Net Sales
0.16
0.11
0.11
0.07
Return on total Assets
Net Income + interest Expense

Average total Assets
0.13
0.09
0.09
0.06
Return on stockholders' common equity
Average common shareholders' equity
286.75
189.75
169.25
100.25
Earnings Per Share of common Stock
Numbers of shares of common stock outstanding
2.08
2.22
1.98
1.19
Market-based/ Investment
Dated 12/31/2017
12/31/2016
12/31/2015
12/31/2014
Price-to earnings
Market Price per share of common Stock
Earnings per share
6.35
10.19
11.44
13.33
Dividend Yield
Dividend per share of common (or preferred) stock
market Price per Share
No Dividend
N/A

N/A
N/A
Total Shareholders' equity - Preferred Equity
Number of shares of common stock outstanding
15.06
11.91
9.97
8.16
Financial AnalysisLiquidity Analysis
Current Ratio
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit airline
1.97
2.20
1.83

1.98
JetBlue
0.62
0.60
0.63
0.50
Industry
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
Current Ratio: It measures the ability to pay current liabilities
with its current assets. Spirit Airline’s current ratio is above
average than industry ratio showing positive sign in terms of
meeting current liabilities. Spirit Airline has more ability to
meet its current liabilities than JetBlue. In addition, Spirit
Airline performance for its current ratio has increased in 2017
as compare to 2016. On contrary, Jet Blue current ratio
performance has decline.
Quick Ratio
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
1.97
2.2
1.83
1.98
JetBlue
0.6
0.58
0.61

0.48
Industry
1.1
0.9
1
0.7
Although, service industry doesn’t have much inventory but still
it is worthy to measure quick ratio to see true liquidity.
Inventory is least liquid asset in current assets, thereby, quick
ratio shows ability to pay all current liabilities if they come due
immediately. Again, Spirit Airline is above average ratio than
industry and JetBlue is below average industry ratio. Spirit
Airline is performing very well in terms of liquidity ratio and
its performance from is consistent and improved from 2016 to
2017. On the other hand, JetBlue Quick ratio performance has
declined.
Activity Ratio
Day’s sales in receivables
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
4.81
5.91
12.6
16.43
JetBlue
8.53
8.76
11.48
12.75
Industry
19.8

33.5
19.7
29.6
It shows how many day’s sales remain in account receivable. In
other words, how many days it takes to collect the average level
of receivables. Lower ratio indicates that companies are
receiving payments faster. JetBlue and Spirit Airline both
receivables are below than average, which means that, both
companies are performing well in collecting their account
receivables. However, JetBlue is relatively consistent in this
ratio as compare to Spirit Airline. From 2014 to 2015, Spirit
Airline average receivable was better than JetBlue but in 2016-
2017, JetBlue improved. In a nutshell, JetBlue is better than
Spirit, because it is consistent, improving and less days in
account receivable in recent years.
Assets Turnover
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
1.21
0.85
0.74
0.64
JetBlue
0.74
0.74
0.71
0.72
Industry
0.89
0.96

0.9
0.84
It measures the company’s ability to generate sales from its
assets. In other words, it shows how efficiently a company can
use its assets to generate sales. In general, higher is better.
Spirit Airline ratio has declined from 2014 to 2017, whereas,
JetBlue is relatively consistent in utilizing their assets. Both
companies are performing below average that means not
performing good in terms of industry averages. In comparison
on both industry, JetBlue is relatively good. Moreover, Spirit
Airline ratio has decline with big margin in comparison to
industry which is a question mark in company’s worth for
utilizing its assets.
Account Receivable Turnover
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
42.77
41.66
31.81
28.63
JetBlue
85.15
75.76
56.45
22.2
Industry
27.26
29.14
30.69
25.85

It measures ability to collect cash from credit customers.
Above, JetBlue has improved a lot in its collection. In 2017,
JetBlue has performed well from industry averages and spirit
airline is close to industry ratio. In general, JetBlue is good
than industry averages and spirit airline.Solvency Ratio
Debt Ratio
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
0.37
0.52
0.56
0.57
JetBlue
0.68
0.63
0.57
0.51
Industry
0.32
0.33
0.37
0.36
It indicates percentage of assets finance by debt. Both
companies have more debt ratio than industry, which means
that, both companies have more default risk than industry. In
other words, it has more assets financed by debts as compare to
industry. Spirit Airline is increasing its debt ratio whereas,
JetBlue is reducing its leverage. In general, JetBlue is closer to

industry averages.
Time Interest Earned Ratio
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
40.58
57.92
17.05
9.32
JetBlue
3.79
9.96
12.74
11.76
Industry
12.66
19.56
15.67
14.33
It measures the number of times operating income can cover
interest expense. The declining TIE ratio of spirit airline
indicating financial trouble in meeting its liabilities. JetBlue is
consistently improving but both companies are below industry
ratio. In general, JetBlue is better than spirit but not good as
industry is doing.Profitability Ratio
Return on Net Sales
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline

0.12
0.15
0.11
0.16
JetBlue
0.07
0.11
0.11
0.16
Industry
0.03
0.04
0.035
0.057
This ratio shows the percentage of each sales dollar earned as
net income. This measure provides insight into how much profit
is being produced per dollar of sales. An increasing ROS
indicates that company is growing more efficiently, while a
decreasing ROS could signal financial troubles. Both companies
are above industry averages signaling positive sign for
generating income from sales. However, spirit airline has
improved from 2014 to 2015 and then its decline in 2016 and
improved again in 2017. This see-saw curve showing
inconsistency in its profitability. On the other hand, JetBlue is
relatively consistent in its performance and it also had a
tendency to improve a lot as shown in graph. Base on this
scenario, one could predict JetBlue for its profitability in long-
run.
Return on Assets
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline

0.15
0.13
0.09
0.11
JetBlue
0.06
0.09
0.09
0.13
Industry
0.04
0.027
0.045
0.046
ROA measures how profitable a company uses it assets. Both
companies are above from averages which is a good sign.
JetBlue is performing well than Spirit Airline. Spirit Airline
showed a deep dip in this ratio. From 2014 to 2016, spirit
airline was declining and it spike in 2017. On Contrary, JetBlue
was upward trending, consistently improving. In its ROA one
could recommend for JetBlue.
Return on Shareholders' Common Equity
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
32209.1
45317.1
37839.8
60086.6
JetBlue

100.25
169.25
189.75
286.75
Industry
Return on stockholder’s equity (ROSE) gauges how much is
earned with the money invested by common shareholders. Spirit
Airline seems upward direction, far above than JetBlue. Every $
invested by shareholder in Spirit Airline is giving multiple of
1000 times return and JetBlue is in 100s. For Investment
perspective, Spirit is better. Moreover, ROE of Spirit is also
higher than JetBlue. As far as stock performance is concerned,
in 2017, Spirit Airline is relatively consistent in stock prices
while, JetBlue seems volatile and with more swings. The
average decline is stock price of JetBlue is 1.51% and Spirit
decline is 0.75%.
Earnings Per Share
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
3.08
4.38
3.76
6.06
JetBlue
1.19
1.98

2.22
3.47
Industry
5.2
7.46
0.82
-7.54
Earnings Per Share (EPS) gives the amount of net income per
share of the company’s common stock. The sharp decline in
airline industry’s EPS has various reasons, but major reason
includes, raising oil price, and its seems that demand for
seats/air tickets have risen sharply from last few years, but
demand for share decline. Another news catching point is
American Airline whose overall performance reduced resulting
low EPS, disturbed the industry ratios. To compare both
companies, Spirit Airline EPS is better than JetBlue.Investment
Ratio
Price to Earnings Ratio
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
24.7
9.1
15.39
7.38
JetBlue
13.33
11.44
10.19
6.35

Price to Earning indicates the market price of $1 of earnings.
High PE ratio generally indicates high earnings but it is not
necessary a better investment decision because it generally
consider that stock is overvalued and soon will decline. On
contrary, low PE ratio indicates stock is undervalued.
Comparing JetBlue and Spirit Airline, if we look into trend, it
seems like Spirit may increase in future and JetBlue will
decrease. Other perspective is JetBlue is consistent and Spirit is
volatile but it depends on investor if he/she is risk averse or risk
taker to marginalize return.
2014
2015
2016
2017
Spirit Airline
13.78
17.13
20.12
26.06
JetBlue
8.16
9.97
11.91
15.06
It indicates the recorded accounting amount for each share of
common stock outstanding. Although higher gap between book
value and share price indicates stock either undervalued or
overvalued. Both companies’ book value is upward trending and
there is a lower gap among their share price and book value,
which is a positive sign for those who are risk averse.
Horizontal and Vertical Analysis
Spirit Airline Horizontal Analysis:

Income Statement:
As Shown below, total revenue from the base year of 2014 is
upward trending, so as with the gross profit raise by 60% in
2017 from base year 2014. However, operating income showed a
dip from base year mainly because of increasing expenses.
Spirit Airline has achieved significant growth in its net income
by 87% in 2017.
Balance Sheet:
Total Assets have an increasing trend which is mainly because
of significant addition in property, plant and equipment. This
signaling growth and addition in company’s net worth. In long
run, these assets insulate growth in firm value. Current Assets
has also increase from 2016 to 2017 signaling liquidity.
On the other hand, total liabilities have significantly raised to
401.38% in 2017 which is referring to high default (credit) risk.
Thereby, TIE ratio dropped sharply. This has reduced its
creditworthiness both short term and long term both because
there is a decreasing trend in income before tax.
Spirit Airline Vertical Analysis:
Income Statement:
Net income portion from total revenue is 12% in 2014 and it
keep on increasing from 12% to 16% in 2017. Cost of revenue is
69% in 2014 and its struggled to take it down to 64% of
revenue. However, operating income is in declining trend
because of increasing operating expenses.
Balance Sheet (Vertical Analysis):
Current assets and fixed asset are more or less equally
proportionate. Whereas, equity is more than liability. This
signaling either shareholders are subjected to more contribution
and because of more equity, leveraging risk is lower.

JETBLUE Horizontal Analysis:
Income Statement:
From 2014 to 2017, Revenue has an increasing trend and cost of
revenue is decreasing, which insulting increasing trend of gross
profit. However, operating expense has increased over time,
which reduced the operating income from 258.27% on 2016 to
196.85% of revenue in 2017. Interest expense has reduced to
63.43% from 76.87% in 2016. Its net income also has an
increasing trend.
Balance Sheet:
Its liquidity pattern has reduced significantly by 24% but net
tangible assets has an increasing trend. JetBlue retained
earnings has increased significantly to 358.58% in 2017
signaling long term growth and big projects implementation
benefiting firm value. It has also a diminishing liabilities
patterns signaling less diminishing interest expense insulating
net income.
JETBLUE Vertical Analysis:
Income Statement:
Net income pattern has increased with sufficient proportion
from 2014 to 2017. It was 6.89% in 2014 and it lead to 16.35%
in 2017. They have lowered their liabilities which reduced its
interest expense. Its operating expense proportion has also
reduced, allowing operating income to raise.
Balance Sheet:
Its liquidity pattern is not appealing but its net tangible assets
has increased overtime. It seems, less concentration on
shareholders’ equity signaling less demands for its share. They
have reduced its long term liability signaling less credit risk for
investors.

Comparative Analysis:
Creditworthiness:
Short-term analysis:
If an investor is seeking to invest in short-term market, then
Spirit airline is a good decision. Moreover, they don’t have
anything lock up in inventory but JetBlue has, which has
reduced its liquidity. Spirit Airline’s liquidity is above average
than industry ratio showing positive sign in terms of meeting
current liabilities. Spirit Airline has more ability to meet its
current liabilities than JetBlue. In addition, Spirit Airline
performance for its current ratio has increased in 2017 as
compare to 2016. On contrary, Jet Blue current ratio
performance has decline.
Long Term Analysis:
Both companies have more debt ratio than industry, which

means that, both companies have more default risk than
industry. In other words, it has more assets financed by debts as
compare to industry. Spirit Airline is increasing its debt ratio
whereas, JetBlue is reducing its leverage. In general, JetBlue is
closer to industry averages.
Talking about TIE ratio which measures the number of times
operating income can cover interest expense. The declining TIE
ratio of spirit airline indicating financial trouble in meeting its
liabilities. JetBlue is consistently improving but both companies
are below industry ratio. In general, JetBlue is better than spirit
but not good as industry is doing.
Investment Attractiveness:
An increasing ROS indicates that company is growing more
efficiently, while a decreasing ROS could signal financial
troubles. Both companies are above industry averages signaling
positive sign for generating income from sales. However, spirit
airline has improved from 2014 to 2015 and then its decline in
2016 and improved again in 2017. This see-saw curve showing
inconsistency in its profitability. On the other hand, JetBlue is
relatively consistent in its performance and it also had a
tendency to improve a lot as shown in graph. Base on this
scenario, one could predict JetBlue for its profitability in long-
run.
Measuring attractiveness in terms of return on assets. As shown
in graphs above,
Both companies are above from averages which is a good sign.
JetBlue is performing well than Spirit Airline. Spirit Airline
showed a deep dip in this ratio. From 2014 to 2016, spirit
airline was declining and it spike in 2017. On Contrary, JetBlue
was upward trending, consistently improving. In its ROA one
could recommend for JetBlue. However, talking about return on
equity, passed records shows that Spirit is returning to
shareholder’s lot more than JetBlue, it also looks like that
JetBlue is improving. EPS ratio of Spirit airline is also more

pronounced then JetBlue.
Commenting on Price to earnings ratio of both companies, High
PE ratio generally indicates high earnings but it is not necessary
a better investment decision because it generally consider that
stock is overvalued and soon will decline. On contrary, low PE
ratio indicates stock is undervalued. Comparing JetBlue and
Spirit Airline, if we look into trend, it seems like Spirit may
increase in future and JetBlue may decrease. Other perspective
is JetBlue is consistent then Spirit. It depends on investor if
she/he is risk taker or risk averse to expand returns.
In a nutshell, for profitability point of view, JetBlue seems like
a fast growing company than spirit. But if we see past pattern of
stock performance, spirit may take the lead if it improves on
above ratio.Conclusion:Both airlines are well known airlines of
US. However, JetBlue’s fleet is one of the youngest and most
fuel-efficient in the industry, also has some of the best
amenities for a “value” airline. As a result, the company has
been posting strong sales and earnings gains in recent quarters.
We look for the good times to continue. JetBlue should also
benefit from its efforts to continue to expand other margin-
enhancing premium goods and services. While there are some
risks, including considerable industry competition, along with
the fact the results are highly dependent on the price of fuel, we
think the positives outweigh the negatives. While the stock
price is near an all-time high, investors could still see some
room for price appreciation, given bright outlook. Assuming the
success of its expansion plans, there could also be some appeal
for longer-term investors, as well. As also discussed above,
horizontal and vertical analyses of JetBlue is more pronounced
and its financial statements too.On Contrary, Spirit Airline is
facing trouble in its operations because of high attrition rate and
diminishing sales. It has constantly increasing its cost but not
the revenue. It also has limited success in its non-core business.
It need to work on its financial planning and Research and
development to compete with others and improve its
profitability.Reference:

http://ir.spirit.com/financials-filings/overview
http://ir.spirit.com/financial-information/annual-reports
http://ir.spirit.com/financials-filings/sec-filings
https://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/save/financials?query=income-
statement
https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/save/financials
https://quotes.wsj.com/SAVE/financials
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/save/financials/
http://blueir.investproductions.com/investor-relations/financial-
information/reports/annual-reports
https://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/jblu/financials?query=income-
statement
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JBLU/financials/
https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/jblu/financials
https://quotes.wsj.com/JBLU/financials
http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=JBLU
https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/income-
statement/JBLU.O
http://blueir.investproductions.com/~/media/Files/J/Jetblue-IR-
V2/Annual-Reports/jetblue-2017-annual-report.pdf
https://www.businessinsider.com/airlines-biggest-business-
problems-2018-4#labor-relations-6
https://getawaytips.azcentral.com/airline-industry-swot-
analysis-12208038.html
https://traveltips.usatoday.com/history-airline-industry-
100074.html
https://aviationbenefits.org/economic-growth/the-future/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/tedreed/2018/02/07/spirit-airlines-
plans-2018-growth-of-20-plus-putting-downward-pressure-on-
rivals-fares/#34f2cfff2bc1
https://www.apnews.com/adbb94ef50db443b901a1ae90e2f1834
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p3pi0ik/Our-History-and-
Corporate-Information-We-were-founded-in-1964-as-Clippert/
https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/38/JetBlue-
Airways-Corporation.html
https://www.seatmaestro.com/airlines-seating-maps/jetblue-

airways/history/
https://successstory.com/companies/jetblueAppendix:
INDUSTRY
2014
2015
2016
2017
Solvency
Median
Median
Median
Median
Quick Ratio
1.1
0.9
1
0.7
Current Ratio
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
Current Liabilities / Net Worth (%)
37.7
47.1
52.5
62.9
Current Liabilities / Inventory (%)
999.9
999.9
999.9
978.2
Total Liabilities / Net Worth (%)
104.3
135.9

135.3
145.6
Fixed Assets / Net Worth (%)
93.1
133.3
116.1
96
Efficiency
Median
Median
Median
Median
Collection Period (days)
19.8
33.5
19.7
29.6
Sales / Inventory (times)
56.3
54.1
48.6
37.1
Assets / Sales (%)
100.3
111.7
125.9
125
Sales / Net Working Capital (times)
5.9
4.9
5.3
3.6
Accounts Payable / Sales (%)
4.2
4.5
5.8

5.8
Profitability
Median
Median
Median
Median
Return on Sales (%)
3.3
4.4
3.5
5.7
Return on Assets (%)
3.9
2.7
4.5
4.6
Return on Net Worth (%)
8.3
7.1
12.8
13.2
Median INDUSTRY Variance
2015
2016
2017

Solvency
2017
2015
Median
2016
Median
2013
2014
2015
2017
Median
2013
2014
2015
2016
Quick Ratio
22.2
18.2
0.9
-11.1
1
11.1
-9.1
11.1
30
0.7
-22.2
-36.4
-22.2
-30
Current Ratio
11.8
6.3
1.5
-6.7

1.6
-5.9
0
6.7
6.3
1.5
-11.8
-6.3
0
-6.3
Current Liabilities / Net Worth (%)
-17.3
-9.4
47.1
-5.4
52.5
6.9
14.8
5.4
-10.4
62.9
17.3
25.2
15.8
10.4
Current Liabilities / Inventory (%)
21.7
0
999.9
0
999.9
0
0
0
21.7
978.2

-21.7
-21.7
-21.7
-21.7
Total Liabilities / Net Worth (%)
-31.5
-31.6
135.9
0.6
135.3
21.2
31
-0.6
-10.3
145.6
31.5
41.3
9.7
10.3
Fixed Assets / Net Worth (%)
5.5
-40.2
133.3
17.2
116.1
14.6
23
-17.2
20.1
96
-5.5
2.9
-37.3
-20.1
Efficiency
2017

2015
Median
2016
Median
2013
2014
2015
2017
Median
2013
2014
2015
2016
Collection Period (days)
-17.3
69.2
33.5
-41.2
19.7
45
0.5
41.2
50.3
29.6
17.3
-49.5
11.6
-50.3
Sales / Inventory (times)
20.7
3.9
54.1
10.2
48.6
3.8
-13.7

-10.2
23.7
37.1
-20.7
-34.1
-31.4
-23.7
Assets / Sales (%)
-53.9
-11.4
111.7
-14.2
125.9
54.8
25.6
14.2
0.9
125
53.9
24.7
13.3
-0.9
Sales / Net Working Capital (times)
32.1
16.9
4.9
-8.2
5.3
0
-10.2
8.2
32.1
3.6
-32.1
-39
-26.5

-32.1
Accounts Payable / Sales (%)
-1.6
-0.3
4.5
-1.3
5.8
1.6
1.6
1.3
0
5.8
1.6
1.6
1.3
0
Profitability
2017
2015
Median
2016
Median
2013
2014
2015
2017
Median
2013
2014
2015
2016
Return on Sales (%)
-2.1
-1.1
4.4
0.9

3.5
-0.1
0.2
-0.9
-2.2
5.7
2.1
2.4
1.3
2.2
Return on Assets (%)
-1.2
1.2
2.7
-1.8
4.5
1.1
0.6
1.8
-0.1
4.6
1.2
0.7
1.9
0.1
Return on Net Worth (%)
-3.6
1.2
7.1
-5.7
12.8
3.2
4.5
5.7
-0.4
13.2

3.6
4.9
6.1
0.4
Current Ratio
Spirit airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 1.9733332603986609
2.2013126286890872 1.8344675251433404
1.9786840096070328 JetBlue 2014 2015 2016 2017
0.6198347107438017 0.60351648351648357
0.63369467028003612 0.50354906054279747
Industry 2014 2015 2016 2017 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5
Quick Ratio
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 1.97 2.2000000000000002
1.83 1.98 JetBlue 2014 2015 2016 2017 0.6
0.57999999999999996 0.61 0.48 Industry 2014 2015
2016 2017 1.1000000000000001 0.9 1 0.7
Day's sales in receivables
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 4.8099999999999996
5.91 12.6 16.43 JetBlue 2014 2015 2016 2017 8.
5299999999999994 8.76 11.48 12.75 Industry
2014 2015 2016 2017 19.8 33.5 19.7 29.6

Assets Turnover
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 1.21 0.85 0.74 0.64 JetBlue
2014 2015 2016 2017 0.74 0.74 0.71 0.72 Industry 2014
2015 2016 2017 0.89 0.96 0.9 0.84
Account Receivable turnover
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 42.77 41.66 31.81
28.63 JetBlue 2014 2015 2016 2017 85.15
75.760000000000005 56.45 22.2 Industry 2014
2015 2016 2017 27.26 29.14 30.69 25.85
Debt Ratio
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 0.37 0.52
0.56000000000000005 0.56999999999999995 JetBlue
2014 2015 2016 2017 0.6 8 0.63 0.56999999999999995
0.51 Industry 2014 2015 2016 2017 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.36
Time Interest Earned Ratio
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 40.58 57.92 17.05
9.32 JetBlue 2014 2015 2016 2017 3.79
9.9600000000000009 12.74 11.76 Industry
2014 2015 2016 2017 12.66 19.559999999999999

15.67 14.33
Return on Net Sales
2014 2015 2016 2017 7.0000000000000007E-2 0.11 0.11
0.16 Industry 2014 2015 2016 2017 0.03 0.04
3.5000000000000003E-2 5.7000000000000002E-2
Return on Assets
2014 2015 2016 2017 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.13 Industry 2014
2015 2016 2017 0.04 2.7E-2 4.4999999999999998E-2
4.5999999999999999E-2
Return on Stockholders' Common Equity
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 32209.14 45317.14
37839.800000000003 60086.57 JetBlue 2014 2015
2016 2017 100.25 169.25 189.75 286.75
Industry 2014 2015 2016 2017
Earning Per Share

Spi rit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 3.08 4.38 3.76 6.06 JetBlue
2014 2015 2016 2017 1.19 1.98 2.2200000000000002
3.47 Industry 2014 2015 2016 2017 5.2 7.46 0.82 -7.54
Price to Earning Ratio
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 24.7 9.1 15.39 7.38
JetBlue 2014 2015 2016 2017 13.33 11.44 10.19
6.35
Book Value per Share of Common Stock
Spirit Airline 2014 2015 2016 2017 13.78 17.13 20.12
26.06 JetBlue 2014 2015 2016 2017 8.16
9.9700000000000006 11.91 15.06
Term Project
Comparative Financial Statement Analysis of Ruth’s Hospitality
Group and Flanigan’s Enterprises, 2016-2018
Prepared by
Rene Carbonell

Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Business history and future
a. Industry
b. Ruth’s Hospitality Group
c. Flanigan’s Enterprises
i. Liquidity ratios
ii. Activity ratios
iii. Solvency ratios

iv. Probability ratios
b. Horizontal and vertical analysis
i. Overview
ii. Complementary application
IV. Liquidity analysis
a. Industry
V. Activity analysis
a. Industry
VI. Solvency analysis
a. Industry
VII. Profitability analysis
a. Industry
VIII. Horizontal and vertical analysis
IX. Comparative analysis
a. Creditworthiness analysis
i. Short-term
ii. Long-term
b. Investment attractiveness analysis.
c. Recommendations and current developments
X. Summary and conclusions
XI. References/Biography
XII. Appendices
a. Analysis tables- Ruth’s Hospitality Group Income Statement
b. Analysis tables- Flanigan’s Enterprises Income Statement

I. Introduction
According to the study or analysis of Financial Statements, it is
a method of reviewing and analyzing the accounting reports
(financial statements) of a company to evaluate its projected
past, present or future performance. This process allows a better
business or financial decision based on the results analyzed in
the financial statements.
It is a requirement for companies listed on the United States
stock exchange, to present their financial statements to
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This allows the
performance to be assessed over the years through the annual
report presented to interested parties. As the financial
statements are prepared to meet the requirements, the second
step in the process is to analyze them effectively so that future
profitability and cash flows can be forecast.
Therefore, the main objective of the analysis of the financial
statements is to use information about the company's past
performance to predict how it will do in the future. Another
important purpose of analyzing the financial statements is to

identify potential problem areas and solve them.
There may be different stakeholders in the analysis of financial
statements. These can be classified into internal and external
users. Internal users refer to the administration of the company
that analyzes the financial statements to make decisions related
to the company's operations. On the other hand, external users
do not necessarily belong to the company, but they still have
some kind of financial interest. These include owners, investors,
creditors, government, employees, customers and the general
public.
Company managers, large or small, need to analyze and use the
financial statements to make intelligent decisions about
performance. You make the right decisions through an efficient
analysis of the financial statements can be a very valuable tool
for any manager or manager of any company. For example, they
can measure the cost per distribution channel, or how much cash
they have left, of their accounting reports and make decisions
based on these analysis results.
Small business owners need a lot of financial information about
their operations in order to determine the profitability of the
company. It helps to make decisions as if to continue operating
the business, whether to improve business strategies or abandon
the business altogether.
People who have bought shares or shares in a company need
financial information to analyze the company's performance.
They use financial statement analysis to determine what to do
with their investments in the company. Then, depending on how
the company is doing, they will keep their shares, sell them or
buy more.
Creditors are interested in knowing if a company will be able to
make their payments when they expire. They use the cash flow
analysis of the company's accounting records to measure the
liquidity of the company or its ability to make short-term
payments.

The governing and regulatory bodies of the state analyze the
analysis of the financial statements to determine how the
economy performs in general in order to plan its financial and
industrial policies. Tax authorities also analyze a company's
statements to calculate the tax burden that the company has to
pay.
Employees need to know if their employment is safe and if there
is a possibility of a raise. They want to be aware of the
profitability and stability of their company. Employees may also
be interested in knowing the financial position of the company
to see if there can be expansion plans and, therefore, career
prospects for them.
Customers need to know about the company's ability to serve its
customers in the future. The need to know the stability of the
company's operations increases if the customer (that is, a
distributor or supplier of specialized products) depends entirely
on the company for its supplies.
II. Business history and future
a. Industry
The hospitality industry is a great field within the goods and
services industry that includes smaller fields such as hotels and
accommodation, event planning, theme parks, transportation,
cruise lines and other fields within the tourism industry.
Since the hotel industry is broad, it is very important to define a
set of financial indexes that can be used to analyze companies
throughout the industry, regardless of operations. The hotel
industry will therefore have many amounts of fixed and tangible
assets and, therefore, requires a very specific set of financial
indexes to accurately analyze the industry and reach
conclusions based on the performance of individual companies.
The following are key financial reasons that an interested party
can use to analyze companies within the hotel industry. The
following are key financial reasons that an interested party can
use to analyze companies within the hotel industry:

· Liquidity Ratios provide stakeholders with information
regarding a company's ability to meet its short-term financial
obligations. The hospitality industry needs a high amount of
working capital and has a lot of short-term financial obligations
to cover, making liquidity ratios an integral part of the
industry's analysis.
· Financial leverage ratios give stakeholders an understanding
of the long-term solvency of a firm in the hospitality industry.
These ratios measure a company's ability to meet its long-term
debt obligations.
· Profitability ratios measure a company's level of profitability,
at the gross profit, operating profit, and net profit levels. For
companies in the hospitality industry, billions of dollars are
generated, and many companies are long-established, meaning
high profit margins should be generated at all levels.
b. Ruth's Hospitality Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation
formerly known as Ruth's Chris Steak House, Inc. The Company
was founded in 1965, when Ruth Fertel mortgaged her home for
$ 22,000 to buy "Chris Steak House", a restaurant of 60 seats
located near the New Orleans Fair Grounds race track. After a
fire destroyed the original restaurant, Ruth moved her restaurant
to a new facility with a capacity of 160 seats. As the terms of
the original purchase prevented the use of the name "Chris
Steak House" in a new restaurant, Ruth added her name to that
of the original restaurant, thus creating the "Ruth’s Chris Steak
House" brand.
The Company began to expand in 1972, when Ruth opened a
second restaurant in Metairie, located in a suburb of New
Orleans. In 1976, another restaurant was opened in Baton
Rouge, Louisiana, which was Ruth's first Chris Steak House,
which would be owned by a franchise. In 2005, the Company
and certain selling shareholders completed an initial public
offering of the Company's common shares, which is currently
listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market with the symbol

"RUTH".
At the end of the year, specifically on December 30, 2018, there
were 156 Ruth's Chris Steak House restaurants, which included
78 restaurants owned by the Company, three restaurants that
operated under contractual agreements and 75 restaurants owned
by franchisees, including 20 international restaurants Franchise
ownership in Aruba, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia,
Japan, Mexico, Singapore and Taiwan.
On December 12, 2017, the entire company saw the acquisition
of all the assets of six Ruth's Chris Steak House, owned by a
franchise, located in Hawaii (the “Hawaiian restaurants”) as
very necessary or essential $ 35.4 million cash purchase. The
results of operations, financial position and cash flows of
Hawaiian restaurants are included in the consolidated financial
statements at the date of acquisition.
The Company uses a 52 or 53 week reporting period that ends
on the last Sunday of December. The period ended December
31, 2017 (fiscal year 2017) had a reporting period of 53 weeks.
The periods that ended on December 30, 2018 (fiscal year 2018)
and December 25, 2016 (fiscal year 2016) had a 52-week
reporting period. The consolidated financial statements are
prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States and include the financial
statements of Ruth’s Hospitality Group, Inc. and its wholly
owned subsidiaries. The Company adopted a strategy to provide
total return to shareholders by maintaining a healthy core
business, growing with a disciplined investment approach and
returning excess capital to shareholders. The company strives to
maintain a healthy core business by increasing sales through
traffic, managing operating margins and leveraging its
infrastructure. The Company is committed to disciplined growth
in markets with attractive sales attributes and solid financial
returns. The Company sees in its franchisee program a point of
competitive differentiation and always seeks to increase its
franchise-owned restaurant locations. The Company may also
consider acquiring franchise-owned restaurants on good terms

that it considers beneficial for both the Company and the
franchisee.
c. As of September 29, 2018, Flanigan's Enterprises, Inc., a
Florida corporation, together with its subsidiaries, operates 26
units, which consist of restaurants, liquor stores and combined
liquor / package stores that we own or have operational control
over and partial ownership in; and grants a franchise of five
additional units, consisting of two restaurants and three
combined restaurants / liquor stores in package.
Flanigan's joined Florida in 1959 and began operating as a chain
of small cocktail lounges and liquor stores throughout South
Florida. By 1970, he had established a chain of salons and
liquor stores "Big Daddy's" between Vero Beach and
Homestead, Florida. From 1970 to 1979, Flanigan's experienced
an expansion of its liquor store and salon operations throughout
Florida and opened clubs in five other "Sun Belt" states. In
1975, Flanigan interrupted most of its package shop operations
in Florida, except in the South Florida areas of Miami-Dade,
Broward, Palm Beach and Monroe counties. In 1982 he
expanded the club's operations to the Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania area, as a general partner of several limited
partnerships that the company organized. In March 1985,
Flanigan's began franchising packages of liquor stores and
salons in the South Florida area.
During fiscal year 1987, they began to renovate their
classrooms to provide a full meal service in restaurants, and
subsequently renewed and added the food service in most of
their classrooms. Food sales currently represent approximately
76.4% and bar sales approximately 23.6% of total restaurant
sales.
Its package liquor stores emphasize high-volume businesses by
providing customers with a wide variety of branded and private
label products at discounted prices. Its restaurants offer
alcoholic beverages and full service meals with abundant
portions and reasonable prices, served in a relaxed, friendly and
informal atmosphere.

Flanigan carries out its operations directly and through a series
of limited companies and wholly owned subsidiaries. Its
subsidiaries and limited partnerships (with the exception of the
limited partnership, where they are not the general partner, who
owns and operates their franchised restaurant in Fort
Lauderdale, Florida) are informed in a consolidated manner.
Flanigan's executive officers have created an employee culture,
food culture and business strategy in their company that has
been critical to their success and that can be difficult to
replicate under another administrative team.
The company has a 52/53 week fiscal year ending on the last
Saturday of September. Fiscal year 2018 ended on September
29, 2018, fiscal year 2017 ended on September 30, 2017 and
fiscal year 2016 ended on October 1, 2016.
i. Liquidity ratios = Current assets/Current liabilities
36,352
=0.78
46,902
2018
37,045
=0.81
45,929
2017
34,420
=0.83
41,260
2016

18,768,000
=2.04
9,219,000
2018
14,573,000
=1.81
8,066,000
2017
15,151,000
=1.94
7,790,000
2016
ii. Activity ratios
Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold/Average
Inventory for the year
2018 – 35.1087
2017 – 34.7381
2016 – 37.8683
2018 – 14.121
2017 – 15.3557
2016 – 15.5629
Accounts Receivable Turnover = Annual Sales on
Credit/Average Accounts Receivable
2018 – 23.2252

2017 – 19.1817
2016 – 18.5641
2018 – 239.4451
2017 – 215.3669
2016 – 150.389
Days of Receivable = 365 days/Account Receivable Turnover
Ratio
2018 – 15.7157
2017 – 19.0286
2016 – 19.6616
2018 – 1.5244
2017 – 1.6948
2016 – 2.427
iii. Solvency ratios
Debt ratio = Total liabilities/Total Assets
2018 – 0.3127
2017 – 0.3861
2016 – 0.2404
2018 – 0.2338
2017 – 0.2287
2016 – 0,1919

iv. Probability ratios
Gross profit margin= Net sales – COG/ Net Sales
2018 – 27.8476
2017 – 27.2449
2016 – 27.432
2018 – 59.9003
2017 – 59.1461
2016 – 60.4538
Return on total assets = Net income + Interest expenses /
Average total assets
2018 – 16.3385
2017 – 12.493
2016 – 14.8237
2018 – 8.0131
2017 – 7.2551
2016 – 8.8101
Return on equity = net income returned / shareholders’ equity
2018 – 46.1545

2017 – 38.0421
2016 – 38.9259
2018 – 13.0376
2017 – 11.4994
2016 – 13.6815
b. Horizontal and vertical analysis
Operating income for fiscal year 2018 increased from fiscal
year 2017 by $5.0 million to $51.7 million. Operating income
for fiscal year 2018 was favorably impacted by a $37.0 million
increase in restaurant sales, which was offset by increased food
and beverage costs, restaurant operating expenses, marketing
and advertising, general and administrative costs and
depreciation and amortization expenses. The Company had a
$3.9 million loss on impairment during fiscal year 2017 that did
not reoccur in fiscal year 2018. Higher restaurant sales were
attributable to an increase in new Company-owned restaurant
sales partially offset by sales at comparable Company-owned
restaurants. After-tax income from continuing operations during
fiscal year 2018 increased from fiscal year 2017 by $11.4
million to $41.6 million. Income tax expense decreased $7.4
million primarily due to the passage of the 2017 Tax Act which
reduced the statutory rate from 35% to 21%. Fiscal year 2018
net income increased from fiscal year 2017 by $11.5 million to
$41.7 million.
Operating income for fiscal year 2017 decreased from fiscal
year 2016 by $877 thousand to $46.7 million. Operating income
for fiscal year 2017 was favorably impacted by a $27.3 million
increase in restaurant sales, which was offset by increased food
and beverage costs, restaurant operating expenses, marketing
and advertising, general and administrative costs, depreciation

and amortization expenses and pre-opening costs. The Company
also had a $3.9 million loss on impairment during fiscal year
2017. Higher restaurant sales were attributable both to an
increase in comparable Company-owned restaurant sales and
new restaurants. After-tax income from continuing operations
during fiscal year 2017 decreased from fiscal year 2016 by $510
thousand to $30.2 million. Fiscal year 2017 net income
decreased from fiscal year 2016 by $328 thousand to $30.1
million.
Total revenue for their fiscal year 2018 increased $6,675,000 or
6.25% to $113,497,000 from $106,822,000 for their fiscal year
2017 due to increased menu prices and increased restaurant
traffic. Effective September 3, 2017 we increased certain menu
prices for their bar offerings to target an increase to their total
bar revenues of approximately 4.9% annually and effective
September 16, 2017 we increased certain menu prices for their
food offerings to target an increase to their total food revenues
of approximately 4.0% annually, (the “Price Increases 2017”).
We anticipate that total revenue for their fiscal year 2019 will
decrease when compared to their fiscal year 2018 due to the fire
at their combination restaurant/package liquor store located at
2505 N. University Drive, Hollywood, Florida (Store #19),
subsequent to the end of their fiscal year 2018, which will cause
this location to be closed for their entire fiscal year 2019, offset
to a lesser extent by increased restaurant traffic. Fiscal year
2018 total revenue for their Store #19 was $5,333,000.
IV. Liquidity analysis
The liquidity in the company has remained stable over the last
three years, cash, inventory and accounts receivable have been
stable. In 2018 we have the highest availability of cash while
the accounts receivable have decreased, the inventory has
increased but not significantly.
The principal sources of cash during fiscal year 2018 were net
cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under

their senior credit facility. The principal uses of cash during
fiscal year 2018 were for principal repayments under the senior
credit facility, capital expenditures, common stock repurchases
and dividend payments. Cash flows from discontinued
operations are combined with the cash flows from continuing
operations within each of the categories on their statement of
cash flows.
In 2016 the principal sources of cash during fiscal year 2016
were net cash provided by operating activities and borrowings
under their prior senior credit facility. Their principal uses of
cash during fiscal year 2016 were for capital expenditures,
principal repayments under their prior senior credit facility,
common stock repurchases and dividend payments. Cash flows
from discontinued operations are combined with the cash flows
from continuing operations within each of the categories on
their statement of cash flows.
The Liquidity has changed in the last three years favorable way.
In 2018 is the year with more cash and less accounts receivable.
Although the inventory and accounts payable has increased with
respect to 2017 and 2016, but it has not affected the company's
liquidity capacity.
As of September 29, 2018, the company had cash of
approximately $13,414,000, an increase of $3,529,000 from
their cash balance of $9,885,000 as of September 30, 2017.
Their cash increased during the first quarter of their fiscal year
2018, because the company borrowed $3.50 million from their
Credit Line just prior to its conversion to the Term Loan on
December 28, 2017.
V. Activity analysis
Inventory turnover
Inventory turnover ratio can be defined as a ratio showing how
many times a company's inventory is sold and replaced over a
period. Saying this we can notice that in year 2016 was the year
when the inventory was sales over 37 days approximately, even

though doesn’t have a material variation during the last three
years.
Inventory turnover ratio can be defined as a ratio showing how
many times a company's inventory is sold and replaced over a
period. Saying this we can notice that in year 2016 and 2017
were the years when the inventory were sales over 15 days
approximately, even though doesn’t have a material variation
during the last three years
Accounts Receivable Turnover
Receivable turnover from 2016 to 2018 prove that both
companies are effectives in extending credit as well as
collecting debts.
Days of Receivable
Flanigan’s has the lower of days sales in receivables from 2016
to 2018. Days sales in receivables can be defined as the average
number of days it takes to collect outstanding receivable
amounts from customers which is between 2 and 1 days.
Although Ruth’s has between 19 and 15 days.
VI. Solvency ratios
Debt ratio
The ratios aren’t greater than 1 showing that the debt isn’t
funded by assets. In other words, the companies has more assets
then liabilities.
A high ratio also indicates that a company may be putting itself
at a risk of default on its loans if interest rates were to rise
suddenly. A lower the debt ratio, the less leverages a company
is, implying greater financial risk. At the same time, leverage is
an important tool that companies use to grow, and many
businesses find sustainable uses for debt.
In this case during the three years Flanigan’s has the lower
ratio.

VII. Probability ratios
Gross profit margin are used to measure a company's
profitability at various cost levels, including gross margin,
operating margin, pretax margin, and net profit margin. The
margins shrink as layers of additional costs are taken into
consideration, such as the cost of goods sold (COGS), operating
and nonoperating expenses, and taxes paid.
Gross margin measures how much a company can mark up sales
above COGS. Operating margin is the percentage of sales left
after covering additional operating expenses. The pretax margin
shows a company's profitability after further accounting for
non-operating expenses. Net profit margin concerns a company's
ability to generate earnings after taxes.
Flanigan’s has the best Gross profit margin between both
company current profit margin of 59%
Return on total assets Profitability is assessed relative to costs
and expenses, and it is analyzed in comparison to assets to see
how effective a company is in deploying assets to generate sales
and eventually profits. The term return in the ROA ratio
customarily refers to net profit or net income, the amount of
earnings from sales after all costs, expenses, and taxes.
The more assets a company has amassed, the more sales and
potentially more profits the company may generate. As
economies of scale help lower costs and improve margins,
returns may grow at a faster rate than assets, ultimately
increasing return on assets.
Every dollar that Flanigan’s has invested in assets generates
8.01 cents of net income. Flanigan’s is better at converting its
investment into profits, compared with Ruth’s.
VIII. Horizontal and vertical analysis
Fiscal Year 2018 Compared to Fiscal Year 2017
Restaurant sales increased $37.0 million, or 9.5%, to $427.4
million during fiscal year 2018 from fiscal year 2017. The

increase was attributable to a $41.1 million increase in new or
relocated restaurants offset by a $4.1 million decrease from
comparable Company-owned restaurants. Excluding
discontinued operations, total operating weeks during fiscal
year 2018 increased to 4,027 from 3,715 during fiscal year
2017. The 53rd week contributed $12.4 million in sales in fiscal
year 2017. Comparable Company-owned restaurant sales
increased 1.4% on a comparable 52-week basis, which consisted
of an average check increase of 1.7%, and 0.3% decrease in
traffic counts. Comparable restaurant sales and traffic were
negatively affected by approximately 50 basis points due to the
shift of the New Year’s Eve holiday into fiscal year 2019. New
restaurant sales primarily increased in fiscal year 2018 due to
an increase in 294 operating weeks from the acquisition of the
Hawaiian Restaurants in December 2017.
Franchise income increased $374 thousand, or 2.1%, to $17.9
increase is primarily attributable to the reclassification of $1.5
million in franchisee advertising fees due to the adoption of
Topic 606 and an increase in comparable franchisee-owned
restaurant sales of 1.0%. This was offset by the acquisition of
the Hawaii Restaurants which decreased sales-based royalty
income by $1.6 million during fiscal year 2018.
Other operating income increased $138 thousand, or 2.0%, to
$7.0 million during fiscal year 2018 from fiscal year 2017.
Other operating income includes their share of income from
managed restaurants, gift card breakage revenue and
miscellaneous restaurant income. The increase in other
operating income was primarily due to an increase of $106
thousand in income from restaurants operating under contractual
agreements, including the new location in Reno, NV.
Food and beverage costs increased $3.8 million, or 3.2%, to
$120.1 million during fiscal year 2018 from fiscal year 2017.
Food and beverage costs, as a percentage of restaurant sales,
decreased 170 basis points to 28.1% compared to fiscal year
2017 largely due to a decrease of 8.4% in total beef costs and an

increase in average check of 1.7%.
Restaurant operating expenses increased $20.8 million, or
11.2%, to $206.3 million during fiscal year 2018 from fiscal
year 2017. Restaurant operating expenses, as a percentage of
restaurant sales, increased 75 basis points to 48.3% compared to
fiscal year 2017 primarily due to an increase in occupancy
expenses.
Marketing and advertising expenses increased $3.9 million, or
30.8% to $16.6 million during fiscal year 2018 from fiscal year
2017. Marketing and advertising, as a percent of total revenue,
increased 60 basis points to 3.7% compared to fiscal year 2017.
The increase in marketing and advertising expenses during
fiscal year 2018 was attributable to a planned increase in
advertising in addition to the reclassification of $1.7 million in
certain administrative support costs that have been historically
charged to general and administrative costs.
General and administrative expenses increased $4.6 million or
13.9% to $37.3 million during fiscal year 2018 from fiscal year
2017. The increase in general and administrative costs was
primarily attributable to $3.5 million in incentive- based
compensation costs and $906 thousand in Hawaii Restaurants
acquisition and integration costs.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $3.5 million to
$18.5 million during fiscal year 2018, primarily due to property
additions related to new restaurants and remodel projects placed
in service within the last twelve months including $2.5 million
of depreciation and amortization related to the Hawaii
Restaurants.
Pre-opening costs remained relatively unchanged at $1.9 million
in fiscal year 2018 compared to $2.0 million in fiscal year 2017.
During fiscal year 2018 we incurred no loss on impairment
charges, compared to fiscal year 2017, during which we
recognized a $3.9 million loss on impairment of long-lived
assets at a Ruth’s Chris Steak House restaurant.
Interest expense increased $918 thousand to $1.7 million during
fiscal year 2018 from fiscal year 2017. The increase in expense

was primarily due to higher average debt balances during fiscal
year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017.
During fiscal year 2018 we recognized $73 thousand of other
expense. During fiscal year 2017 we recognized $53 thousand of
other income.
During fiscal year 2018 we recognized $8.2 million in income
tax expense. The effective tax rate, including the impact of
discrete items, decreased to 16.5% during fiscal year 2018
compared to 34.1% during fiscal year 2017. The effective tax
rate decreased during fiscal year 2018 primarily due to the
passage of the 2017 Tax Act, which was signed into law on
December 22, 2017. The 2017 Tax Act significantly revised
U.S. tax law, and included many changes that impacted the
Company, most notably a reduction of the statutory corporate
tax rate from 35% to 21%.
Income from continuing operations of $41.6 million during
fiscal year 2018 increased by $11.4 million compared to fiscal
year 2017 due to the factors noted above.
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
during fiscal year 2018 was income of $80 thousand compared
to a loss of $108 thousand during fiscal year 2017. Discontinued
operations includes the recurring revenues and expenses of
closed restaurants and related income taxes.
Net income was $41.7 million during fiscal year 2018 compared
to $30.1 million net income during fiscal year 2017 due to the
factors noted above.
Fiscal Year 2017 Compared to Fiscal Year 2016
Restaurant sales increased $27.3 million, or 7.5%, to $390.4
increase was attributable to a $14.5 million increase in
comparable Company-owned restaurant sales …

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