1. Alysia Hurrell

2. How music videos are generally made
 Pre-Production: The first step in the making of a music video is
that the artist/artists/labels will choose a production company
that is either well respect or renowned for high-quality music
videos and who are reliable. In some cases more so with less
mainstream genres (indie, acoustic, rock etc...) they will take the
risk with an less well known production company or directors for
a edgier more unique results but the music video is in an
important stage in the selling of the song so artists tend not to
take risks. The pre-production stage also includes hiring a crew,
planning sets, getting permission for sites, finding actors (if
necessary). At an early stage there will also be a concept for the
video and detailed story boarding. This could take months but
be organised is the key to not wasting time and money and being
as successful as possible.

3.  Production: At this stage more crew will be hired to help with
the production and on set. If the company are working with a
very respected celebrity high requirements might have to be met.
Once everything is in place and prepared filming will begin, the
director will shoot alot of takes, to ensure alot of footage to work
with in the editing process, any footage not used could be put
into outtakes and included in special edition albums.
Photographs could be taken at this time as well for
advertisement, teasers etc. This is a very important part of the
production process, it has to be planned to perfection to ensure
that time and money isn't wasted, alot of factors have to be taken
into account in pre production (such as weather, injuries etc.).
Due to pre production planning the shooting of the video should
reflect the story board, alot of changes whilst shooting can show
poor planning but it is also possible that the director could
change a few things because of last minute inspiration.

4.  Post-production: The final stage is where all the
footage from filming will be put together and edited.
There would be separate people/company hired for the
editing process, this has to be done to a high standard
or it can completely change how the video is viewed.
The production company will have to make it clear to
the graphics sector what there aim and concept of the
video is. An important part of editing that has to be
done perfectly is lip syncing, if it is slightly of this
could make the video look very amateur. The video will
then be processed onto many different formats and be
fully prepare for distribution. Parts of the video can
also be used for advertising.

5. What is the purpose of a music video for the
companies / artists that make them?
 Different artists and companies have different motives
for making music videos but something that
influences most is money and making a profit, some
artists do it to promote themselves as celebrities and
some to solely promote their music. However there are
other reasons such as just for enjoyment and for
companies expressing there individual flare in
production. The purpose on the music video alone is
to advertise the album or single and the artist/artists.

6. Who are some famous music video directors and
why are their videos so well known / successful?
 David Fincher, does big budget music videos and has worked with artists such
as Madonna “vogue” and Justin Timberlake “Suit & Tie”.
 Spike Jonze, famous for Beastie Boys “Don’t Play No Game That I Can’t Win”
who has been collaborating with for a long time and Jay-Z and Kanye West
“Otis”. Pitchfork Media named the video amongst the best of the year. The car
was put up for auction, and the proceeds donated toward the East African
Drought Disaster.
http://youtu.be/w-QIiVS_7Hs
http://youtu.be/BoEKWtgJQAU
 Canada, Canada is the nom de director of a trio of filmmakers from Barcelona
(Luis Cerveró, Nicolás Méndez, and Lope Serrano) whose specialty is building
benign images, strange art installations, and rhythmic, repetitive action. Their
calling card has become Battles’ “Ice Cream,” a supremely lascivious swirl of
disorienting beauty that feels like it’s way ruder than it actually is.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FsvMyQeC-Q#t=166

7. How much money is usually spent on the average
music video?
 From looking at research an average fairly low budget
music video would cost a minimum of £50,000.
However the budgets can go into the millions.
 The budget depends on how the artists want the music
video to look, how they want to be perceived, it will
reflect their status and music style and the same
applies with director.

8. Big budget music videos
 Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson"Scream” directed by
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Mark Romanek in 1995. The cost was $7,000,000.
Madonna "Die Another Day” directed by Traktor, on
October 22, 2002. The cost was $6,100,000.
Madonna "Express Yourself” directed by David Fincher on
May 17, 1989. The cost was $5000,000.
Madonna"Bedtime Story“, directed by Mark Romanek in
1995. The cost was $5000,000.
Michael Jackson (featuring L.T.B.)"Black or White“,
directed by John Landis on November 14, 1991. The cost
was $4,000,000.

9. How do audiences access music videos?
Where can they be seen?
 Music videos can be accessed worldwde
more easily now than ever. A popular
resource is Youtube, it can be easier than
going to the artists website.
 Another way is music channels such as
MTV, 4 Music etc. Also music videos can be
shown as adverts for teasers, this would be
more likely on Youtube than on TV.