1. The Double X Economy
Linda Scott
DP World Professor for
Entrepreneurship and Innovation

2. The Big Picture
• New data since 1995: UN, WEF, others
• First opportunity to compare women’s status
at the nation level across various social
structures
• Challenge to folk theory, conventional
wisdom
• Gender inequality
– Real, measurable, worldwide
– Massive negative effects
• Dangerous downsides, potential payoffs.

3. WEF Composite Gender Gap Score
Source: World Economic Forum Gender Gap Report, 2010.
Countries included as market democracies were: Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, New Zealand, Ireland, Denmark, Switzerland, Spain, Germany, Belgium, UK, Netherlands, United States,
Canada, Luxembourg, Austria, France, Greece, and Italy. Countries included as former and current communist countries were: Latvia, Cuba, Moldova, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Slovenia, Poland,
Russian Federation, Estonia, Bulgaria, Kyrgyz Republic, Croatia, China, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Georgia, Tajikistan, and Azerbaijan. Countries included as
subSaharan African countries were: Lesotho, South Africa, Mozambique, Namibia, Uganda, Botswana, Tanzania, Malawi, Ghana, The Gambia, Madagascar, Angola, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Senegal,
Zambia, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali, and Chad.

4. Gender Development by Geography
UNHumanDevelopment reports

5. Research Agenda
• “In what ways can the market be
harnessed to empower women?”
• Historical background in US
• Investigate innovations
– Systems
– Goods
• No silver bullets.