The document discusses different types of shock, including hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, septic, traumatic, neurogenic, and hypoadrenal shock. It defines shock as a life-threatening condition characterized by a reduction in circulating blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion. The pathogenesis of different types of shock is explained, noting how reduced blood supply can lead to cellular injury and anoxia in tissues. Clinical features common to many types of shock include tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria or anuria, and alterations in mental state. Specific causes and effects of hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and septic shock are detailed.

1. JAYOTI VIDYAPEETH WOMEN’S
UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF HOMOEOPATHIC SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY
SHOCK

3.  CONTENTS
• DEFINITION
• TYPES OF SHOCK
• CLASSIFICATION OF SHOCK
• PATHOGENESIS OF SHOCK
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SHOCK
• CLINICAL FEATURES
• EFFECT OF SHOCK ON VARIOUS ORGANS
• THERAPEUTICS

4.  DEFINITION
Shock is a condition in which the
cardiovascular system fails to
perfuse tissues adequately

5. It is a life- threatening clinical syndrome
of cardiovascular collapse characterized
by :-
An acute reduction of effective
circulating blood volume
(HYPOTENSION)
Inadequate tissue perfusion of cells
and tissues (HYPOPERFUSION)

6. TYPES OF SHOCK
TRUE (SECONDARY)
SHOCK
• IMBALANCE BETWEEN
OXYGEN SUPPLY AND
OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS
INITIAL (PRIMARY)
SHOCK
• SUDDEN REDUCTION IN
THE VENOUS RETURN TO
THE HEART

7. CLASSIFICATION & ETIOLOGY
HYPOVOLAEMIC SHOCK
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
SEPTIC SHOCK
TRAUMATIC SHOCK
NEUROGENIC SHOCK
HYPOADRENAL SHOCK

8. HYPOVOLAEMIC SHOCK
INADEQUATE CIRCULATORY BLOOD
VOLUME

9. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
SUDDEN REDUCTION IN CARDIAC OUTPUT

10. SEPTIC SHOCK
DUE TO BACTERIAL INFECTION OR
SEPTICEMIA

11. TRAUMATIC SHOCK
SHOCK RESULTING FROM TRAUMA

12. NEUROGENIC SHOCK
INTERUPPTION OF SYMPATHETIC
VASOMOTOR SUPPLY

13. HYPOADRENAL SHOCK
OCCURS FROM ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

14. PATHOGENESIS OF SHOCK

15.  REDUCED EFFECTIVE CIRCULATORY
BLOOD VOLUME

16.  REDUCED SUPPLY OF OXYGEN TO
THE CELLS AND TISSUES WITH
RESULTANT ANOXIA

17.  INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND
TOXINS RELEASED FROM SHOCK
-INDUCED CELLULAR INJURY

18. PATHOGENESIS OF
HYPOVOLAEMIC
SHOCK

19. CAUSES
LOSS OF RED CELL MASS DUE TO
HAEMORRHAGE
MAJOR EFFECTS ARE :-
DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT
LOW INTRACARDIAC PRESSURE

20. CLINICAL FEATURES
INCREASED HEART RATE (TACHYCARDIA)
LOW BLOOD PRESSURE (HYPOTENSION)
LOW URINARY OUTPUT (OLIGURIA TO
ANURIA)
ALTERATION IN MENTAL STATE
(AGITATED TO CONFUSED TO LETHARGIC)

21. PATHOGENESIS OF
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

22. CAUSES
SEVERE LEFT VENTRICULAR
DYSFUCNTION FROM VARIOUS CAUSES
SUCH AS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
MAJOR EFFECTS ARE :-
DECREASED TISSUE PERFUSION
MOVEMENT OF FLUID FROM PULMONARY
VASCULAR BED INTO PULMONARY
INTERSTITIAL
SPACE INITIALLY & LATER INTO
ALVEOLAR SPACES

23. CLINICAL FEATURES
SUDDEN, RAPID HEARTBEAT
(TACHYCARDIA)
LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
WEAK PULSE
SWEATING
URINATING LESS THAN NORMAL OR NOT
AT ALL
 RAPID BREATHING
 SEVERE SHORTNESS OF BREATH

24. PATHOGENESIS OF
SEPTIC SHOCK

25. CAUSES
RESULTS MOST OFTEN GRAM-NEGATIVE
BACTERIA & LESS OFTEN FROM
GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
EFFECTS
IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION
SEVERE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY
RESPONSE

26. CLINICAL FEATURES
COOL,PALE ARMS & LEGS
HIGH OR VERY LOW TEMPERATURE,
CHILLS
LIGHT HEADEDNESS
LITTLE OR NO URINE
LOW B.P. , ESP. WHEN STANDING
PALPITATIONS
RAPID HEART RATE
 RESTLESSNESS, AGITATIONS, LETHARGY
CONFUSION