28. Male Drosophila that are kept with virgin females, compared to males kept with non- a. live longer, probably because females are receptive to mating. b. have offspring that have greater fitness, illustrating the good genes hypothesis. virgin females: d. die sooner than, probably because females are receptive to mating-illustrating c. have more intense sexual selection. a cost of reproduction in males 29. As an exception to Bateman's predictions about differential reproductive success in males and females - data on Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) and observed that an increase in litter size was observed when females a. chose males that were the largest in the colony b. mated with more than one male c. extended the time of copulation with individual males d. established a large territory for mating 30. Long term studies of Red Deer on the Isle of Rhum (Scotland) indicated that: a. males that mate more have greater longevity b. females that delay reproduction have larger offspring later in life c. offspring survival is greater if females are young d. females that give birth have lower survival over the next year.