Pages revision of the television. Note Under the "Students Write'l Christine Lee criticizes blly consider the material, you of Speech, completi r 15a reaiity reasons for the changes as glverr 223-224. Nate: To ensure v*{e comfortable shouid revie'qGisr online supplements, Word Usgp, tion the c and Sentence Skills, before for Lesson 3. Required Journal Entry 5: Public Space Reread Brent Staples'essay "Black Men and Public Space" on pages 160-162. Explore the ways you and individuals around you "alter public space." Include specific examples from your life. You may wish to describe a situation in which your intentions were misunderstood or when someone made false assumptions about you. Another option is to discuss times when you've had to change your behavior to accommodate someone else's needs or expectations. {2 paragraphs, 5 sentences for each) Freewrite about the way errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation can alter the public space between writer and reader in an essay. (1 paragraph, 5 sentences) f-Check 1 l. Exercise 10.1, on page Edit the five make them concise. Exercise 10,2, on page or complex sentences. 210: the pairs of sente to single, compound,2. 3. Exercise 10.3, page 2!2: Add modifiers to create varied sentence in the five sentences. 10.4, on page 213: Edit the five sentences to eliminate problems with pa (Continued) Lesson 3 ffiU"t Men and Public Space Brent Staples Any woman who has lived in a cily knows the fear Brent Staples qpeab ;r" but not many of us realize how that reaction afects the innocent. Staples's essayuasf* published inEarper's in 1986. He's still whistling. My first victim was a woman-u7hi1s, well-dressed, probably in her early twenties- I came upon her late one evening on a deserted street in Hyde Park, a relativelyaffluent neighborhood in an other- wise mean, impoverished section of Chicago. As I swung onto the avenue behind her, there seemed to be a discreet, uninflarnmatory distance between us. Not so. She cast back a worried glance. To her, the youngish black rnur--a broad 6 feet 2 inches with a beard and billowing hair, botl hands shoved into the pockets of a bulky mil- itary jacket-seerned menacingly close. After a few more quick glimpses, she picked up her pace and was soon running in earnest. Within seconds she disappeared into a cross street. That was more than a decade ago. I was 22 years old, a grad- uate student newly arrived at the University of Chicago. It was in the echo of that terrified woman's footfalls that I first began to know the unwieldy inheritance I'd come into-the ability to alter public space in ugly ways. It was clear that she thought herself the quarry of a mugger, a rapist, or worse. Suffering a bout of insom- nia, however, I was stalking sleep, not defenseless wayfarers. As a softy who is scarcely able to take a knife to a raw chicken-let alone hold one to a person's ftroat-I was surprised, embar- rassed, and dismayed all at once. Her flight made me.

1. Pages
revision of the
television. Note
Under the "Students Write'l
Christine Lee criticizes
blly consider the
material, you
of Speech,
completi r
15a
reaiity
reasons
for the changes as glverr 223-224.
Nate: To ensure v*{e comfortable
shouid revie'qGisr online supplements,
Word Usgp,
tion
the c
and Sentence Skills, before
for Lesson 3.
Required Journal Entry 5: Public Space

2. Reread Brent Staples'essay "Black Men and Public Space" on
pages 160-162. Explore the ways
you and individuals around you "alter public space." Include
specific examples from your life. You
may wish to describe a situation in which your intentions were
misunderstood or when someone
made false assumptions about you. Another option is to discuss
times when you've had to change
your behavior to accommodate someone else's needs or
expectations. {2 paragraphs, 5 sentences
for each)
Freewrite about the way errors in grammar, spelling, and
punctuation can alter the public space
between writer and reader in an essay. (1 paragraph, 5
sentences)
f-Check 1
l. Exercise 10.1, on page Edit the five make them concise.
Exercise 10,2, on page
or complex sentences.
210: the pairs of sente to single, compound,2.
3. Exercise 10.3, page 2!2: Add modifiers to create varied
sentence in the five
sentences.
10.4, on page 213: Edit the five sentences to eliminate problems
with pa
(Continued)

3. Lesson 3
ffiU"t Men and Public Space
Brent Staples
Any woman who has lived in a cily knows the fear Brent Staples
qpeab ;r" but not many of us realize how that reaction afects the
innocent. Staples's essayuasf* published inEarper's in 1986.
He's
still whistling.
My first victim was a woman-u7hi1s, well-dressed, probably in
her early twenties- I came upon her late one evening on a
deserted
street in Hyde Park, a relativelyaffluent neighborhood in an
other-
wise mean, impoverished section of Chicago. As I swung onto
the
avenue behind her, there seemed to be a discreet,
uninflarnmatory
distance between us. Not so. She cast back a worried glance. To
her,
the youngish black rnur--a broad 6 feet 2 inches with a beard
and
billowing hair, botl hands shoved into the pockets of a bulky
mil-
itary jacket-seerned menacingly close. After a few more quick
glimpses, she picked up her pace and was soon running in
earnest.
Within seconds she disappeared into a cross street.
That was more than a decade ago. I was 22 years old, a grad-
uate student newly arrived at the University of Chicago. It was
in

4. the echo of that terrified woman's footfalls that I first began to
know the unwieldy inheritance I'd come into-the ability to alter
public space in ugly ways. It was clear that she thought herself
the
quarry of a mugger, a rapist, or worse. Suffering a bout of
insom-
nia, however, I was stalking sleep, not defenseless wayfarers.
As a
softy who is scarcely able to take a knife to a raw chicken-let
alone hold one to a person's ftroat-I was surprised, embar-
rassed, and dismayed all at once. Her flight made me feel like
an
accomplice in tyranny. It also made it clear that I was indistin-
guishable from the muggers who occasionally seeped into the
area
from the surrounding ghetto. That first encounter, and those that
followed, signified that a vast, unnerving gulf lay between
night-
time pedestrians-particularly women-and me. And I soon gath-
ered that being perceived as dangerous is a hazard in itself. I
only
needed to turn a corner into a dicey situation, or crowd some
frightened, armed person in a foyer somewhere, or make an
errant
move after being pulled over by €r g!,11qyq1.1+. Where fear
and
t9t
196 Cause and Effect
weapons meet-and they often do in urban America-there is a
ways the possibility of death.

5. In that first year, my first away from my hometown, I was t
become thoroughly familiarwith the language of fear. At dark,
shac
owy intersections, I could cross in front of a car stopped at a
faffi
light and elicit the thunk, thunk, thunk, thank of the driver-blacl
white, male, or female-hammering down the door locks. On ler
traveled streets after dark, I grew accustomed to but never
comfor
able with people crossing to the other side of the street rather
tha
pass me. Then there were the standard unpleasantries with
police
men, doormen, bouncers, cabdrivers, and others whose business
is to screen out troublesome individuals bdor there is any nast
NCSS,
I moved to New York nearly fwo years ago and I have remaine
an avid nightwalker. In central Manhattan,the near-constant
crow
cover minimizes tense one-on-one street encounters. Elsewhere-
i
SoHo, for example, where sidewalks are narrow and tightly
space
buildings shut out the sky-things can get very taut indeed.
After dark, on the warrenlike streets of Brooklyn where I live,
often see women who fear the worst from me. They seem to hav
set their faces on neutral, and with their purse straps strung
acros
their chests bandolier-style, they forge ahead as though bracin
themselves against being tackled. I understand, of course, that
th
danger they perceive is not a hallucination. Women are
particularl
vulnerable to street violence, and young black males are

6. drasticall
overrepresented among the perpetrators of that violence. Yet
thes
truths are no solace against the kind of alienation that comes c
being ever the suspect, a fearsome entity with whom pedestrian
avoid making eye contact.
It is not altogether clear to me how I reached the ripe old age c
22 wrlhout being conscious of the lethality nighttime pedestrian
attributed to me. Perhaps it was because in Chester,
Pennsylvank
the small, angry industrial town where I came of age in the
1960s,
was scarcely noticeable against a backdrop of gang warfare,
stre(
knifings, and murders. I grew up one ofthe good boys, had
perhap
ahalf-dozenfistfights. In retrospect, my shyness of combat has
clea
sources.
As a boy, I saw countless tough guys locked away; I have sinc
buried several, too. They were babies, really---a teenage cousin,
Steples/Blach Men and HhTic Sp:,,
Irrotherof22, a childhood friend in his mid-twenties-allgone do
u r episodes of bravado played out in the streets. I came to
doubt
virtues of intimidation early on. I chose, perhaps unconsciously
t!'lr',.ri.: a shadow-timid, but a survivor.
The fearsomeness mistakenly attributed to me in public pla,
often has a perilous flavor. The most frightening of these

7. confusi(,ri
occurred in the late 1970s and early 1p80s, when I worked as a
joumalist in Chicago. One day, rushing into the office of a
magazine
I was writing for with a deadline story in hand, I was mistaken
for
.. burglar. The office manager called security and, with an ad
hoc
posse, pursued me through the labyrinthine halls, nearly to my
editor's door. I had no way of proving who I was. I could only
move
briskly toward the company of someone who knew me.
Another time I was on assignment for a local paper and killing
time before an interview. I entered a jewelry store on the city's
affluent Near North Side. The proprietor excused herself and re-
turned with an enormous red Doberman pinscher straining at the
end of a leash. She stood, the dog extended toward me, silent to
my
questions, her eyes bulging nearly out of her head. I took a
cursory
look around, nodded, and bade her good night.
Relatively speaking, however, I never fared as badly as another
black male joumalist. He went to nearby Waukegan, Illinois, a
cou-
ple of summers ago to work on a story about a murderer who
was
born there. Mistaking the reporter for the killer, police officers
hauled him from his car at gunpoint and but for his press
credentials
would probably have tried to book him. Such episodes are not
uncommon. Black men trade tales like this all the time.
Over the years, I learned to smother the rage I felt at so often
being taken for a criminal. Not to do so would surely have led

8. to
madness. I now take precautions to make myself less
threatening. I
move about with care, particularly late in the evening. I give a
wide
berth to nervous people on subway platforms during the wee
hours,
particularly when I have exchanged business clothes for jeans.
If I
happen to be entering a building behind some people who
appear
skittish, i may walk by, letting them clear the lobby before I
return,
so as not to seem to be following them. I have been calm and
extremely congenial on those rare occasions when I've been
pulled
over by the police.
And on late-evening constitutionals I employ what has proved
to
I1
t1
198 Cause and Effect
drs an excellent tension-reducing measure: I whistle melodies
fron)
Beethoven and Vivaldi and the more popular classical
composers.
Even steely New Yorkers hunching toward nighttime
destinations
seem to relax, and occasionally they even join in the tune.

9. Virtually
everybody seems to sense that a mugger wouldn't be warbling
bright, sunny selections from Vivaldi's Four,Secsons. It is my
equiv-
alent cf the cowbell that hikers wear when they know they are
in
bear country.
Thesis and Organization
1- Reread paragraph 1. What expectations does it evoke in the
reader?For
paragraph 2, state in your own words what Staples means by
"unwieldy
inheritance." What effects does that inheritance have?
2. The body of the essay breaks into three paragraph blocks.In
paragraphs
3-5, what effects does the author's walking at night have on
others?On
himselfl
3. In paragraphs 6 and 7, Staples refers to his childhood. Why
had he been
unaware of his effect on others?What effect did the streets he
grew up
on have on him?
4. Staples uses examples in paragraphs 8-10. What do all three
have in
common?What generalizationdoes Staples draw from them?
5. Summarize the causes and effects Staples brings out in
paragraphs ll
and 12, and in one sentence, makes a general statement about
them.

10. What does that statement imply about being a black male?About
urban
life?About American culture?Consider your answers to those
questions
and in one sentence state the thesis of the essay.
Techniqueand Style
1- L large part of the essay's impact lies in the ironic contrast
between
appearance and reality. What details does Staples bring out
about him-
self that contrast with the stereotype of the mugger?
2. In paragraph 1, Staples illustrates the two uses of the dash.
What func-
tion do they perform? Rewrite either of the two sentences so
that you
avoid the dash. Which sentence is better and why?
.1. Trace Staples's use of time. Why does he start where he
does? Try
placing the time period mentioned in paragraphs 6 and 7
elsewhere in
llre essay. What advantages does their present placement
have?What is
t ,' effect of ending the essay in the present?
4. l'' ,' ii:::,.' Staples's choice of verbs in the second sentence of
paragraph
'r. ltewrite the sentence using as many forms of the verb to beas
possible.
'.I ir.rr differencesdo you note?

11. FOTNtrER* Tj$A LBXI{6 {IALIfI J$iT} HFSELi]
Eryloring theTopic
t. IIarc you stated the topic as a question drat asks why X hap
pened?What are the possible causes?The probable causes?Rank
the
causes in order of their priority.
2- Ilflr/e you stated the topic as a qu€stlon that asks what
resul{s
fromX? What are the possible effects?The probable
effects?Rank the
effects in order of their priority.
3. Is a temtrroral relationshipinvolved?Reviewyour lisb of
causes and
effects and rule out any that only have a temporal relationship
to your
subject.
4. Which do you want to emphasize, cause or efrect?Check to
make
sure your focus is clear.
5. $lhd is your point?Are you trying to show that something is
so or to
explore your topic?
6. Whd evidence can you use to support your point?Do you need
to
cite authorities or quote statistics?Ifyou depend on personal
experience,
are you sure yorrr experience is valid, that is, representative
ofgeneral
experience?

12. 7. Whd does your reader think?Does your audience have any
precon-
ceived ideas about your topic for which you need to
account?What are
they? How can you deal with them?
8. tVh role do you want to play in the essay?Are you an
observer or
a participant?Is your major intention to inform, to persuade, or
to en-
tertain?What point of view best serves your purpose?
Draffing the Pryer
1. I(now your rcader. Figure out what attitudes your reader may
have
about yow topic. tr the cause-and-effect relationship you are
discussing
is unusual, you might want to shape your initial attitude so that
it is as
skeptical as your reader's. On the other hand, you may want to
start with
a short narrative tlat immediatelyputs the reader on your side.
Consider
how mueh your reader is apt to know about your topic. fyou are
the
expert, make sure you explain everything that needs to be
explained but
without doing so condescendingly.
2. Know your purpose. Adjust your tone and persona to suit
your pur-
pose. If you are writing a persuasive paper, make sure your
persona is
credible and that you focus your ideas so that they may change

13. the mind
of a reader who initially does not agree with you--or short of
that, that
st5
216 Cause and Effect
your ideas make the reader rethink his or her position. If you
are writing
an informative paper, choose a personiL and tone that will
interest the
reader. Tone and persona are even more crucial to essays
written to
entertain, where the tone can range from the ironic to the
lighthearted.
5. Emphasize r cause or effecL Essays that focus on cause more
than
likely will cover a variety of probable reasons that explain the
result.
Though there may be only one effect or result, you may want to
predict
other possible effects in your last paragraph. For instance, an
essay that
explores the causes ofviolence examines a number ofreasons or
causes
for the result or effect-violence-but may conclude by
speculating on
the possible effects of the rising crime rate. On the other hand,
essays
that focus on effect more than likely will cov€r a number of
possible
effects that are produced by a single cause, though again you

14. may want
to speculate on other causes. If you are writing about the effects
of
smoking, at some point in the essay you may want to include
other
harmful substances in the airsuch as coal dust, hydrocarbons,
and car-
bon monoxide.
r'. Check for validity. Don't hesitate to include quotations,
allusions, sta-
tistics, and studies that will support your point. Choose your
examples
carefully to buttress the relationship you are trying to establish,
and be
sure you don't mistake a temporal relationship for a causal one.
5. Mat<e a poinl The cause-and-effect relationship you €xamine
should
lead to or stem from an assertion: video games not only
entertain, they
also stimulate the mind and improve coordination; video games
are not
only habit-forming, they are also addictive.
Info for project 2
Here are the references for the graduate-undergraduate project
that I keep mentioning:
1) To simplify matters, let’s assume that a start-up business
plan is made up of two main parts, (a) the business model, and
(b) the business mode.
2) The graduate section is developing the business model, i.e.

15. the purpose in form of a value proposition, and the requisite
strategies for the design of the context that will allow the
proposition to translate into a wealth creative result, become
financially, socially, environmentally robust and sustainable.
3) The undergraduate section will develop the financial side of
the business mode (which normally also includes the operations
part, i.e. inbound and outbound logistics, as well as a marketing
(as in traversing the complex space between production and
consumption or utilization of the product or service); but for the
purpose of this course we will limit it to the financial portion.
4) This financial plan component itself has two parts, the launch
budget, and the projections for the first three years of
operations (assuming that by then the project should reach
“steady state”).
5) For the undergraduate section:
a. Familiarize yourselves first with the notion of the BUSINESS
MODEL CANVAS that has become the currently dominant
practice in entrepreneurship programs to integrate the 10
principal components of a business model:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/tedgreenwald/2012/01/31/business-
model-canvas-a-simple-tool-for-designing-innovative-business-
models/
http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/canvas/bmc
This will help you ask the appropriate questions to your
graduate section project owners to understand the proposed
intervention/service/product design.
6) For the graduate section: The BMC is your “bible” since the
first semester; essentially, all your research in the current
course is to produce the evidence necessary to be able to answer
the questions associated with each of the BMC components
7) For the projections-related financial plan portion, here are
the links:

16. a. From the website of Aswath Damodaran:
http://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/
pick the following spreadsheets (that, by the way, have already
all the necessary formulas built in)
b. for Capital Budgeting background and review:
http://www2.fiu.edu/~keysj/CFIN_09.pdf
c. also useful is this document:
http://people.hss.caltech.edu/~jlr/courses/BEM103/Readings/JW
Ch05.pdf
8) Finally, here is a reference for a full financial plan including
the launch portion of the budget (from the website at Wiley,
supporting the acclaimed Portable MBA in Entrepreneurship
book by William Bygrave :
http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-
0470481315.html
go to Downloads, See More and pick the three downloads for
Chapter 6:
Pro-Forma Financial Statements (link is actually: http://leeds-
faculty.colorado.edu/moyes/html/resources.htm)
Various Methods for Creating a Financial Construction
Checklist
Build a Sales Worksheet by Listing Major Sources of Revenue
P.S. You are all highly encouraged to check out the other free
downloads (hint-hint, lol)
P.P.S. The MOST IMPORTANT website in all this is
ultimately:
http://leeds-faculty.colorado.edu/moyes/html/resources.htm
The first 11 downloads and links on that website are essentially
the entire body of knowledge of entrepreneurship in condensed
form
Start up budget, how much need to begin
How much earn first year

17. All the cost!
Income statement (1, 2, 3 year see business plan subjected )
In the next three year (proforma )
Equipi
Comprehensive equipment rental and purchase system for
Acute, Sub-Acute
Cindy Eason
5221X1-Research Findings and Evidence-Independent Research
October 4, 201
[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
The current status quo is not sustainable at preventing injury,
per the 2013 Bureau of Labor Statistics
study, the nursing and related healthcare workers sustain more
non-fatal work related injuries, more than
any other sector. In response to this the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration has a new
equipment recommendation for Acute and Sub-Acute facilities

18. to decrease the incidence of
musculoskeletal injuries. Information does suggest a factor to
add to this data is, hospitals report costs
are so insurmountable for patient care and compliance, is a
priority over prevention of worker injuries.
The current population includes increasing numbers of aging
and obesity, which poses challenges to
healthcare.
The Current Status Quo is not Sustainable for Preventing
Musculoskeletal
Injuries in Healthcare
My proposed solution is to provide a system to
meet hospital compliance needs and decrease
the incidence of musculoskeletal injury in the
nursing and related professions.
*Availability of equipment will be around a 30 mile radius from
user’s zip
code, in compliance with current Centers for Medicaid and
Medicare.
*This equipment ordering system will be in conjunction with
existing
equipment suppliers with option to buy or rent.
*This system has advantages over the existing status quo
providing efficiency
and convenience.

19. *No more lengthy phone calls, using the app and photo share
option will
eliminate errors with orders and billing.
*Equipment availability for Home Health, Acute and Sub-acute
for existing
patient and facility needs to decrease untimely length of stay.
*Routine inspection, maintenance and rotation of equipment
will occur
seamlessly for safely and efficiency.
*Offer a cost effective solution to Acute and Sub-Acute which
they can afford.
*Free app for smartphones and tablets will provide seamless
availability of
services and equipment options.
*As a rule applications have not made mainstream in healthcare,
this research
will explore barriers and reasons as to why apps are not
commonly used.
*Given this new app will introduce technology and efficiency in
the current
healthcare equipment market as a third party facilitator, will
ensure practices
and processes are in government compliance.
*Successful business models will be explored and a combination
of them will
be combined to find the appropriate fit for this application
called, Equipi.

20. Uber and Amazon, and Wal Mart business models and practice
are particularly interesting given their
efficiency and high customer satisfaction. In developing this
application Equipi, some sustainable
aspects of each business model will be taken into consideration
in developing this equipment
application for hospitals, facilitating to increase supply. OSHA
studies show when safety transfer
equipment is readily available, the cost of worker compensation
drastically decreases.
Exploring Various Business Models to Find an Appropriate Fit
for Equipi
You-Tube Video example of a current medical application in the
market now from Canvas
Medical.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm056tlrCXg
Plan of Action is to use the technology option of the Uber app,
in collaboration with local
equipment suppliers will provide real time equipment
availability. This also will allow for the
maintenance and safety inspection of patient transfer and
bariatric equipment needed. Via this
app one will have the ease of ordering equipment with aspects
of the Amazon experience such as
the quick delivery of items and real time reporting to customers

21. and account sign up options.
Walmart is of particular interest as they are able to offer low
prices.
Using the favorable aspects of the above business models, in
collaboration of local equipment
suppliers will offer to sign up with this service to better serve
Acute hospitals and Sub-Acute. So
one would ask what is the value for a small supplier to sign up
with this service? The answer
would be they would gain more exposure within the local
market, possibly outside the 30 mile
radius, which would increase their business. The incentive for
hospitals to sign up for this
application would be the ease of obtaining the equipment, which
will decrease length of stay and
ensure safety equipment for patient needs, and decrease back
related injuries by increasing
transfer and lift equipment meeting OSHA recommendations.
Hospitals currently have not embraced the application market
and use, which if this application is
successfully designed and executed there is an opportunity to
break into the medical equipment
supplier arena.
THANK YOU!!
References:
Bureau of Labor Statistics. PDF table:Highest rates for total

22. cases-Injuries and Illnesses-2013. Available at :bls.gov.
/lif/oshsum.htn. Accessed September 13, 2015.
Centers for Disease Control Workplace. Safety and Health
Topics-Safety Patient Handling. Available at cdc.
gov/micsh/topics/safepatient/. Accessed September 13, 2015.
Google Images. Available at google.com. Accessed September
and October 2015.
Luck, Rachael. “Design Research: Past, Present and Future.”
Design Research Quarterly. September 2006. pp 19-20.
Available at Design Research Quarterly Archives. drsq.org.
Accessed September 9, 2015.
Nelson, Audrey PhD RN et al. “Myths and Facts About Back
Injuries in Nursing.” American Journal of Nursing. February
2003. Volume 103. Issue 2.pp 32-40. Accessed September 13,
2015.
Zwerding, David. “Hospitals Fail to Protect Nursing Staff from
Becoming Patients.” National Public Radio Website. 2015.
Available at npr.org/2015/02/04/382639199/hospitals-fail-to-
protect-staff. Accessed September 13, 2014.
Zwerding, David. “OSHA Launches Program to Protect Nursing
Employees. NPR Website. Available at npr.org/sections/the
two-way/2015/06/24/417186384/osha-launches-program-to-
protect-nursing-employees. Accessed June, September,
October 2015.
References:
You-Tube Video. Available at Youtube.com. Accessed October

23. 2015.
United States Department of Labor. Guidelines for Nursing
Homes. Available
https://www.osha.gov/ergonomics/guidelines/nursinghome/final
_nh_guidelines.html. Accessed October 2015.
https://www.osha.gov/ergonomics/guidelines/nursinghome/final
_nh_guidelines.html
https://www.osha.gov/ergonomics/guidelines/nursinghome/final
_nh_guidelines.html