english 101

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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
MODULE 1
Revitalizing Grammar Skills
OVERVIEW
As the world unites into a global community, the need to use English as the
common language has become more apparent. Apart from becoming adept to
using technology, you as a freshman college student has to hone your
communicative skills not just for academic purposes but also when you are to partake
in a global commerce, especially that English is widely used in business industries and
in education. It is therefore important that you have a great command over the
language as lectures in universities and colleges are mostly conducted in English.
However, one of the fundamental aspects of English is grammar. Regardless of
any language, your competence in grammar is foundational to your ability to
communicate in a particular language. Your good grasp of grammar implies your
ability to send clearer messages, and the likelihood of being intelligible and
understood by others. Only when the grammar is proper, do the sentences make
sense. Thus, it is important that you realize the importance of grammar in language.
Grammar is the structure and sound of a language. Native English speakers are
able to recognize the grammar and are therefore able to speak grammatically
correct sentences. It may however, be a struggle for you as non-native speakers who
have to learn the language from its core and whose mother is another language. In
such case, understanding the grammar may seem to be difficult and challenging to
you as a student.
It is true that while many of you are able to speak English as you were taught
and exposed to it from home, in primary, Junior and Senior High school years, but
some may have hard time to construct grammatically sentences while writing or
speaking. Hence, it is therefore right time that we will draw a little backward,
reawaken and revitalize the grammatical competence that has been hibernated in
you since your graduation.
In this module, you will be reviewed on the different parts of speech namely
the noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, preposition and conjunctions. You will also re-
learn the basic rules on subject-verb agreement & capitalization. With the follow-up
exercises coming right after the highly-contextualized topics, you will be definitely
mobilized as you will be geared on to apply your learnings in every activity.
MODULE OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. identify the different parts of speeches
2. use basic grammatical structures in presenting dialogues in a
report speech format;
3. practice learned grammatical concepts thru various tasks
and exercises.

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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
PARTS OF SPEECH
AND VERB FORMS
INTRODUCTION
Knowing the parts of speech is absolutely vital to writing good sentences. The
parts of speech are the building blocks of sentences. It is impossible to write
grammatically correct sentences without knowing at least some of them. Knowing all
of the parts of speech can help advance your writing skills and prevent them from
plateauing.
In this lesson, you will be reoriented on the eight (8) parts of speeches, and verb
forms. These two are important foundational skills that you have to master in order to
cultivate good grammatical skills. Such skills will allow you to have deeper
understanding on the categories of language or speeches and be able to recognize
each term or word that constitutes a particular speeches or sentences. The part of
speech to which a word belongs guides you as to its use in a sentence and defines
the correct word order and punctuation. Knowing the role that each word has in a
sentence structure clearly helps you to understand sentences and allows you to
construct them properly.
Meanwhile, delving into much understanding on the form of verbs, whether
regular or irregular helps you identify when the doer as the subject of the sentence
uses or expresses or performs the action in a particular time.
Communication is crucial, so it important that you have equipped yourself with
competence in forming your ideas with correct sentences so that both of you and
your receiver of message meet and understand each other.
In such cases, I hope you will be informed, stimulated and able to make up
your own mind by relating to the content of the Lesson 1: The Parts of Speeches and
Verb Forms.
TIME FRAME: 3 hours within the first week of the class
OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define parts of speeches;
2. reconstruct jumbled words to create comprehensible
sentence; and
3. appreciate the value of learning how to put words in
order to achieve the purpose of communication.
LESSON

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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Direction: Read the following jumbled sentences. Reconstruct it to make it
comprehensible. Write your reconstructed words inside the box to make it a
comprehensible sentence.
1. cold heated my coffee, I Because it in was too the microwave.
2. at the head long Señor Medena table sat of the dining, his on his left three
daughters.
3. Whenever customers goes up, buy less prices products.
4. I our vacation forgot my to pack toothbrush for because to catch the train I had.
5. Although friends begged me my, I to reunion go chose not to the.
6. The Scarecrow the kept quiet stood up Tin Woodman and in a corner and all night.
7. I really the movie even though didn’t like the acting was good.
8. When was in fairy tales younger she, she believed.
9. Since I'll knit winter is, I think a warm sweater coming.
10. being years apart After for, he still for her had feelings.
Answer This!
1. The text is hard to understand because……..
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ACTIVITY: Reconstruct Me!
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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
ANALYSIS
Direction: In this part, various questions related to the lesson are presented. Please
read carefully the following questions and answer each in a minimum of 20 and a
maximum of 40 words.
1. What is the importance of recognizing the parts of speech in a sentences?
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2. As a student, why do you need to know the correct order of word in a sentence?
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3. What do you think will happen if there are no rules in forming sentences and
established word order patterns?
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4. What is impact of correct word order in ensuring the purpose of communication?
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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
ABSTRACTION
PARTS OF SPEECH
Word Order in Sentences
The most basic sentence structure in the English language is Subject + Verb.
Sentences like I run. Mary drives. Kelly is reading. are complete sentences in the English
language.
A more complex sentence, adds an Object or a Complement (something that
answers the question “what” or gives more information). So we have sentences such
as:
I run marathons .
Mary drives her car .
Kelly is reading a book .
Note: We add an article before a singular noun, and ‘s’ to form a plural noun. We use
a possessive adjective (my, his, her, its, our, your, their) before a noun to show that this
object belongs to that person or group.
Sentences can be made longer and even more complex by adding more sections
(the technical terms are phrases and clauses), each giving more information. These
extra sections are usually joined on using prepositions and conjunctions.
Terms Definition Examples
Adjectives Words that modify nouns Pretty, big, old, angry, smelly,
interesting, good
Adverbs Words that modify verbs, or
other adverbs
Interestingly, quickly,
intelligently, well, badly, slowly
Conjunction
s
Words that join two words,
phrases, or clauses
And, but, because, so, either, or
Determiners Words that show that the next
word is a noun
A, an, the, this, that, my, your,
his, her,
one, many, a lot of, some
Prepositions Words that come before a
noun, and express a relationship
between that noun and
another word or part of the
sentence
On, in, under, behind, before, in
front of, beside, across from,
next to, around
Pronouns Words that replace nouns I, he she, him, her, their, you, it,
they, we, us.
Nouns Words that name people,
places, things or ideas
Susana, Robert, book, train,
knife, bread, cheese
Verbs Words that express an action or
state
eat, play, read, hold, have,
take, make, think, ask, feel, like

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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
I run marathons twice a year for fun .
Mary drives her car to work at 7 o’clock every morning .
Kelly is reading her book and eating an apple.
We can also add more information to sentences by using adjectives and adverbs.
Adjectives describe a noun (they define the type of noun), and adverbs define how
something was done. The table below shows what the adjectives and adverbs do in
a sentence by breaking them down into the questions they answer.
SENTENCE QUESTION THE ADJECTIVE
OR ADVERB ANSWERS
I run short marathons What type of marathons do you run?
Mary drives her old
car slowly to work.
1) What type of car does Mary have?
2) How does Mary drive her car to work?
Kelly is reading a
boring book and
eating a big red juicy
apple.
1) What type of book is Mary reading?
2) What type of apple is Mary eating?
Understanding the word order in sentences helps us break sentences down into
comprehensible sections.
VERB FORMS
The words ‘affirmative’, ‘negative’, ‘question (or interrogative)’, and ‘short answer’
are used to describe the four types of forms a spoken or written utterance can take.
Here’s what they mean:
Affirmative A sentence that states what
happens, is happening, will happen.
A sentence about feelings that does
not use the negative form. (The
sentence could talk about negative
feelings.)
I am a student.
My parents have gone
to Huatulco.
Kelly is studying
Mandarin in China.
Kate likes chocolate
and hates chips.
Negative A sentence that states what has not
happened or will not happen.
A sentence about feelings you do not
feel.
The book isn’t in my
bag.
Nelly hasn’t done her
homework.
Kayla and Bob aren’t
going to the cinema.
I don’t like doing Maths
homework.
Question /
Interrogative
Asks for information or clarification Did you do your
homework?

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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Have you seen my
book?
Where is Nina?
Are you going to the
cinema?
Will you marry me?
Short
answer
Responds to a question that starts
with the auxiliary verb (or with the
verb ‘be’ in the simple present tense).
Starts with Yes or No, and ends with
the auxiliary verb.
Can be affirmative or negative.
Yes, I am.
Yes, she has.
No, we don’t.
No, they haven’t.
English verbs can be conjugated in five different ways. We form different verb tenses,
and affirmative, negative, and question forms by using the verb form alone, or
combining it with an auxiliary verb. The five different verb forms in English are:
Imperative Simple present
affirmative
(third person
singular)
Simple past
affirmative
Present
participle
(Gerund or
verb+ing)
Past
participle
to do (he/she/it)
does
did doing done
to have (he/she/it) has had having had
to eat (he/she/it)
eats
ate eating eaten
to study (he/she/it)
studies
studied studying studied
IMPORTANCE OF PARTS OF SPEECH IN COMMUNICATION
Grammar as Patterns. Human recognizes patterns. Grammar is essentially a
system of patterns applied to words that organizes them in a particular way. Without
a grammatical system, we wouldn’t be able to communicate with one another.
Through reading, speaking and writing, we internalize grammatical patterns until they
become so familiar that any deviation from them, such as saying, for example, “she
don’t,” instead of “she doesn’t,” immediately sounds wrong to us. Indeed, such
obvious errors in speaking signal that a person’s native language is not English. But
even native English speakers’ grammar is not always perfect. English speakers can
brush up on their grammar, too, including the basics: the parts of speech.
Error Identification. Fixing grammar problems in your writing is extremely difficult
without knowing the eight parts of speech. Sometimes you may encounter a sentence
in your writing or speaking that doesn’t sound right, but you can’t explain why or

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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
determine how to improve it. Other times a teacher may circle a sentence in your
writing or utterance that needs fixing, but you don’t understand what’s wrong with it.
In both cases having a firm grasp on the parts of speech and their functions can help
you correct the sentence. Grammatical problems such as subject-verb disagreement,
pronoun-antecedent disagreement, run-on sentences, sentence fragments and
comma splices all require knowledge of certain parts of speech to fix. Furthermore, if
you aren’t familiar with the parts of speech, assuring yourself that a sentence you have
written is correct is difficult.
Sentence Variation. Effective communication contains sentences of varying
patterns and lengths. The English language contains only four basic sentence
patterns, which are, ascending in complexity, simple, compound, complex and
compound-complex. Each one contains a different number of independent and
dependent clauses. You can identify the four different sentence patterns by the
parts of speech they contain. Writing that utilizes a variety of sentence structures
reads more interestingly, whereas too many simple sentences in a row sounds
monotonous.
Parallelism. Parallelism problems result in awkward sentence structure, and this
common writing malady afflicts many people without their realizing it. A person who
can master parallel sentences can set himself apart from other writers. Parallel
problems are virtually impossible to solve without knowing the parts of speech. The
sentence “Love and being married go together” sounds awkward because the two
things compared are not in parallel grammatical form. “Love” is a noun, while “being”
is a gerund and “married” is an adjective. The sentence sounds smoother reworded
as “Love and marriage go together.”

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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Part I. Direction: Put the parts of these sentences into the correct columns.
Example: Susan lives in China.
Example: Environmental obstacles are found at all levels of society.
1. Gerald is a good friend.
2. David has been playing with the children since midday.
3. The wolf ran swiftly through the wood.
4. False-negative cases are known to occur.
5. She is my God-sent angel.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
Susan
China
obstacles
levels
society
lives
are found
environmental
all
Conjunction Determiner Preposition Pronoun
in
at
of
Part II. Tell Me about Yourself
1. Write five affirmative sentences about events in your life.
Example: I was born in 1990. I have four pets. I like reading fictions.
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APPLICATION

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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
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2. Write three negative sentences about events in your life.
Example: I don’t live in Sto. Tomas. I haven’t been to Cebu. I don’t like
snakes
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3. Write three questions you like to ask people when you meet them for the first
time. (Do not use the example questions!)
Example: What is your name? Where are you from? What are you
studying?
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CONGRATULATIONS! You have finished this lesson and thank you for
accomplishing all the task and guided questions given. Do you have an amazing
learning experience in finishing this lesson? If yes, continue that motivation to learn on
the next module however if it is no, keep going and make learning as a fun
experience.
Have great interest and passion for learning because it is the key to unleash
your previous knowledge to the new ones. Again, congratulations and see you on the
following lessons and module.
CLOSURE