Strack, Martin, and Stepper found that people rated cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth(Which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips(which forced them to frown). Holding a pen in your teeth versus holding the pen in your lips is the ______ variable. The rating given to each cartoon is the ______ variable. Fill in the blank please Solution 1) INDEPENDENT 2) DEPENDENT.