2. Information System Frameworks
Basic Information Concepts and Definitions
Need for IS in an organization
Characteristics of an Information and Organization w.r.t. Organizations
Form, Structure, Philosophy, Hierarchy
Session Type
Theory Practical
3. Basic Information Concepts & Definitions
Data Processing Information
Control creation, maintenance & use of data through:
o Database Management System (DBMS) – Foxpro, MS-Access
OR
o Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) – SQL Server, Oracle
Example – A database of Student records
o Creation – Data entry of every student’s details (Addition)
o Maintenance – Modification, Deletion
o Use – Raising of Queries
Hence, Information is the processed form of data
4. Characteristics of Information
Needs to be ‘Something’ related to business
Needs to be ‘New’
Needs to be ‘True’ (else Mis-Information)
Transmission of Information is always through regular communication
channels
All rules of effective communication are relevant to Information
transmission such as:
o Validity of Source
o Validity of Content
o Completeness of Content
o Clarity of Content
o Validity of Medium of transmission
o Correctness of Content at Source and Destination via Audit
5. Information System (IS)
Definition: It is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store
and distribute information to support decision-making and control in an
organization.
Computer Based Information Systems (CBIS):
Rely on computer hardware and software for processing and
disseminating information
Are formal systems based on accepted and fixed definitions of data and
procedures that operate within predefined rules
7. Management Level Needs
Strategic (Top: CEOs, MDs, Marketing Directors, etc.)
o Highly summarised, sorted, categorised info
o Define current status
o Measure how well business is doing - Big Picture
o Related to long-term plans like rolling corporate plan reviewed annually
Tactical (Middle: Area Sales Director, Factory Manager)
o More detail than Strategic level
o Initiate and implement measures to secure strategic objectives
o Allocating staff, devising reporting structures, authorizing resources (budget)
and emphasizing approaches
o Use MIS to know in medium term if “tacticals” are working so that
adjustments can be made if required
Operational (Grass Roots e.g. Foreman, Shift Leaders, Workforce)
o Very detailed info with drill down option
o E.g. Line-manager using MIS daily to support ‘real time’ operations
8. Management Level Application
Strategic: Business Direction
o Information for strategically positioning the organization
o Competitive analysis and performance evaluation
o Strategic planning and policy
o External factors that influence direction
Tactical: Organizational and Operational Functions
o Work unit coordination information
o Delivery program information
o Resource usage evaluation
o Budget control
o Problem solving
o Operational planning
Operational:
o Data entry and search
o Low-level reporting
9. Positive and Negative Impact of IS
Positive Impact Negative Impact
Fast data processing Automation may eliminate jobs
Trends and customer preferences can Collection of personal details leading
be analyzed to violation of privacy
Increased efficiency through products Increased dependency can lead to
like ATMs, telephone systems, breakdown in the case of an ‘incident’
computer-controlled terminals
Medical advances in surgery and Heavy usage can lead to repetitive
patient monitoring stress injury and related problems
Instant information sharing using Illegal distribution of protected data
internet (software, books, songs, etc.)
10. MIS Definition
Def:- An organized approach to study information needs of management
at every level in making operational, tactical, and strategic decisions
Objectives:
o To design and implement procedures, processes, and routines
o To provide detailed reports in accurate, consistent and timely manner
Modern, computerized systems continuously gather relevant data, both
from inside and outside the organization
This data is processed, integrated, and stored in a centralized database
(or data warehouse) where it is constantly updated and made available
to all who have authority to access it in a form that suits their purpose
11. Functions of MIS
Data Capturing
Data Processing
Hardware / Software Maintenance
Information Storage & Retrieval
Dissemination of Management Information
12. Organization Structure & MIS
Decision Making Areas
Strategic
Decisions Finance
Marketing
Tactical
Decisions Personnel
Material
Operations Mgmt
Production
Transaction, Inquiry, Response Systems
13. Organization Structure & MIS
What Information is required?
What are the sources of obtaining data for Information generation?
How will data be converted into Information?
How will the information be represented?
Who are the users of Information – Internal and External?
What are the Hardware & Software requirements?
What is the diagrammatic representation of MIS?
14. Organization Structure & MIS
Line Organization Structure
(Smaller Concerns)
Production Manager
Supervisor 1 Supervisor 2 Supervisor 3
Workers Workers Workers
15. Organization Structure & MIS
Functional Organization Structure
(Larger concerns with Multiple locations)
HQ
Production (P) Marketing (M) Finance (F) HR (H)
Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3
P M F H P M F H P M F H
16. Organization Structure & MIS
Divisional Organization Structure
(Very Large concerns with Many businesses)
Chairman and Managing Director (CMD)
Finance Legal Services Customer Relationship
Cement Electronic Products Infotech
P M A/c H P M A/c H P M A/c H
17. Organization Structure & MIS
Project Organization Structure
(Concerns which undertake projects)
GM (General Manager)
Project A Project B Project C
P M H A/c P M H A/c P M H A/c
F F F
18. Diagrammatic representation of MIS
Processing Judgment, External Environment
Intuition, Experience, Skills
Data logic
Hardware
Data Info
Intelligence Design Choice
Human
Data
beings Decision Making
Database
MIS Implementation
Performance
Controlling / Feedback
http://blog.maia-intelligence.com/2008/04/22/characteristics-of-management-information-system-mis/For Top:What business are you in?What is your vision for the business?What’s your business’ identity?What do you stand for?Which direction is the business headed?How will the business compete?