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‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ENGINEERING
‫اﻓﺰاري‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬
‫ﻣﺪرس‬:‫زارع‬ ‫اﺣﺪ‬ ‫دﮐﺘﺮ‬‫رواﺳﺎن‬
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com
‫ﺧﺪا‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 2
‫درس‬ ‫اﻫﺪاف‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻧﺮم‬‫اﻓﺰار‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 3
‫اﻓﺰاري‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬
2.‫او‬‫ازدواج‬‫ﮐﺮده؟‬
4.،‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬‫ﺧﺐ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻓﮑﺮ‬‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬‫ﮐﺮدم‬‫ﮐﺴﯽ‬‫ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﺪ‬‫ﻧﺎﻣﺶ‬‫را‬‫ﺗﻐﯿ‬‫ﯿﺮ‬
‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫و‬‫ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬‫ﻧﺪارم‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬‫ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ‬‫در‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﭼﯿﺰي‬‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ‬.
6.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫اﺷﮑﺎل‬‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬!‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻫﺮﮔﺰ‬‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬‫داﻧﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﭼﻨﯿ‬‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺘﯽ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪﯾﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮل‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫در‬‫ﻧﺮم‬‫اﻓﺰار‬‫دﯾﮕ‬‫ﺮي‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‬.‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻢ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫آﺧﺮ‬‫ﻣﺎه‬‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬‫را‬‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﮐﻨ‬،‫ﻢ‬
‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫آﺧﺮ‬‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬.
8.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﻘﺼﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬‫اﮔﺮ‬‫در‬‫اﺑﺘﺪاي‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻮد‬‫را‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﮔﻔﺘﯿﺪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫اﺗﻔﺎق‬‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬‫اﻓﺘﺎد؛‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻢ‬‫ذ‬‫ﻫﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺨﻮاﻧﻢ‬.
1.‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻠﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ‬‫ﮐ‬‫ﺮده‬‫اﯾﺪ‬
‫دارﯾﻢ‬.‫ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﻣﺶ‬‫را‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫داده‬‫و‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻧﺎم‬‫او‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.
3.،‫ﻧﻪ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬‫ﻧﺎﻣﺶ‬‫را‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬،‫داده‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﯿﻢ‬‫ﻧﺎم‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺨﺼﯽ‬
‫را‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫دﻫﯿﻢ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫وﺿﻌﯿﺖ‬‫ازدواج‬‫او‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ﮐﺮده‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.
5.‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻓﺮض‬‫ﮐﺮدم‬‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫داﻧﯿﺪ‬‫از‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬‫ﻣﺮدم‬‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﻫﺮوﻗﺖ‬‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪ‬‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬‫ﻧﺎم‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫را‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫د‬‫ﻫﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﺠﺒﻮرﯾﻢ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫روز‬‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬‫را‬‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬‫وﮔﺮﻧﻪ‬‫او‬
‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ‬‫ﺑﻮد‬.‫آﯾﺎ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﯿﺪ‬‫اﯾ‬‫ﻦ‬
‫اﺷﮑﺎل‬‫را‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫روز‬‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ‬‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ؟‬
7.‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪﻣﺎن‬‫ﭼﻪ‬‫ﺑﮕﻮﯾﻢ؟‬‫از‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫ﻧﺎراﺣﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬!
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 4
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 5
‫ﻫﺰ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬‫ﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮا‬‫ي‬‫رﻓﻊ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﮏ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﺴﺘﻢ‬:
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬:‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 6
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬
،‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﭼﯿﺰي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬‫را‬‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬‫ﻣﯿﺪﻫﺪ‬.
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻧﺮم‬‫اﻓﺰار‬‫آن‬‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫اراﺋﻪ‬
‫ارزش‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 7
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻧﺮم‬‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬‫آﻧﭽﻪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫اﺟﺮا‬‫ﺷﻮد‬‫را‬‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ‬‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫و‬‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ‬‫رﻓﺘﺎر‬‫آن‬‫را‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫ﻋﻼوه‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬،‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬‫ﻣﺤﺪو‬‫دﯾﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫در‬‫روﻧﺪ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 8
‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬)Business requirement(
‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬)Business rule(
‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬)Constraint(
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪﯾﻬﺎي‬‫واﺳﻄﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬)External interface requirement(
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬)Feature(
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‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎ‬)‫اداﻣﻪ‬(
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬)Functional requirement(
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬)Nonfunctional requirement(
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ‬)Quality attribute(
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬)System requirement(
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬)User requirement(
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‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬
‫وﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺪاز‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺪاز‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺪ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬
‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫واﺳﻄﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ‬
‫وﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬
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‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﭼﺮا‬،‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫را‬‫ا‬‫ﺟﺮا‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬)‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬‫اﻣﯿﺪوار‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﭼﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻌﯽ‬‫دﺳﺖ‬‫ﭘﯿﺪا‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬(.
‫ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫روي‬‫اﻫﺪاف‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫را‬‫درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﺮده‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
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‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬
‫اﻫﺪاف‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫وﻇﺎﯾﻔﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫ارزش‬‫ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.
‫داﻣﻨﻪ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫رﺿﺎﯾﺖ‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 13
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬،‫رﻓﺘﺎر‬‫ﻧﺮم‬،‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬‫ﺧﺎص‬‫را‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﯿﺎن‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫در‬‫واﻗﻊ‬‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫آن‬‫ﭼﯿﺰي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻧﻮﯾﺲ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫اﺟﺮا‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬‫ﮐﺎرش‬‫را‬‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬‫دﻫﺪ‬)‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬(‫و‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ارﺿﺎء‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 14
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﮕﺮ‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬BA)Business Analyst(‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬‫را‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻧﺮم‬‫اﻓﺰار‬SRS
)software requirements specification(‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 15
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫زﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ‬‫ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ‬‫از‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫دارﯾﻢ‬.‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬‫از‬،‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺰوﻣ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗ‬‫ﯽ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬.
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 16
‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬،‫دوﻟﺘﯽ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬‫و‬‫اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 17
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴ‬‫ﺘﻢ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫ارزش‬‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫اي‬‫از‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﯽ‬‫اﺷﺎره‬
‫دارد‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫اﺟﺮا‬‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫وﻇﺎﯾﻒ‬‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫از‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪﯾﻬﺎ‬‫را‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 18
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬
‫ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫ﺑﺎزار‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬
‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪﯾﻬﺎي‬
‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬
‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﮕﺮ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪه‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬
‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﮕﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﮕﺮ‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬
‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬
Zare.Ahad@gmail.com 19
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
‫زارع‬‫رواﺳﺎن‬،‫اﺣﺪ‬‫رﺗﺒﻪ‬‫اي‬‫ﺳﺎﯾﻨﺎ‬.)1396(.‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻧﺮم‬‫اﻓﺰار‬.‫ﭼﺎپ‬‫اول‬.‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات‬‫ادﺑﯿﺎن‬‫رو‬‫ز‬.
‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬.)‫اﯾﻦ‬،‫ﮐﺘﺎب‬‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‬‫ﮐﺘﺎب‬‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬‫زﯾﺮ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬(
 Wiegers, K., & Beatty, J. (2013). Software
requirements. Pearson Education.

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concept and types of software requirements