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Strukturālais un cikliskais
bezdarbs Latvijā
Agnese Vaivade
Latvijas Universitāte
2015
Saturs
 Beveridža līknes variācijas
 Darba tirgus saderība (Atbilstības funkcija)
 Bezdarba samazināšanas pasākumi
 Fīlipsa līkne slēgtā ekonomikā
Bezdarbs un NVA vakances – pilna datu kopa
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
5.000 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000
Vakančulīmenis
Bezdarba līmenis
Bezdarba
līmenis
Vakanču
līmenis
Bezdarba
līmenis
Vakanču
līmenis
Bezdarba
līmenis
Vakanču
līmenis
1998 Q1 14.266 0.3282003 Q1 11.436 0.3592009 Q1 13.546 0.305
Q2 14.639 0.371Q2 12.064 0.358Q2 16.914 0.248
Q3 13.834 0.357Q3 12.244 0.383Q3 19.716 0.190
Q4 13.413 0.335Q4 10.889 0.384Q4 20.357 0.213
1999 Q1 14.071 0.3642004 Q1 11.822 0.4462010 Q1 20.368 0.249
Q2 13.921 0.339Q2 11.696 0.521Q2 19.932 0.282
Q3 13.953 0.357Q3 11.613 0.536Q3 19.367 0.338
Q4 14.292 0.280Q4 11.930 0.606Q4 18.128 0.360
2000 Q1 14.577 0.2742005 Q1 11.018 0.6722011 Q1 16.969 0.366
Q2 14.309 0.274Q2 10.401 0.768Q2 16.769 0.396
Q3 14.244 0.307Q3 9.892 0.860Q3 15.685 0.404
Q4 14.193 0.301Q4 8.826 1.010Q4 15.305 0.392
2001 Q1 14.155 0.3202006 Q1 8.097 1.1712012 Q1 15.743 0.392
Q2 13.167 0.321Q2 7.194 1.423Q2 16.033 0.438
Q3 13.052 0.305Q3 6.303 1.495Q3 14.146 0.478
Q4 13.409 0.261Q4 6.505 1.839Q4 14.197 0.479
2002 Q1 12.741 0.2422007 Q1 6.659 1.9652013 Q1 12.516 0.567
Q2 13.876 0.255Q2 6.248 1.872Q2 11.314 0.610
Q3 11.343 0.299Q3 5.933 1.949Q3 12.144 0.590
Q4 11.963 0.338Q4 5.361 1.968Q4 11.470 0.661
2008 Q1 6.356 1.7532014 Q1 11.423 0.683
Q2 6.512 1.166Q2 10.593 0.633
Q3 7.759 0.834Q3 10.909 0.656
Q4 10.485 0.528Q4 10.413 0.679
1998 - 1999
2003 - 2004
2006 – 2007/8
2009
2014
Beveridža līknes variācijas
2005
2008
2011
Beveridža līknes variācijas
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
5.000 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000
Vakančulīmenis
Bezdarba līmenis
NVA
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
5.000 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000
Vakančulīmenis
Bezdarba līmenis
CSP
Beveridža līknes variācijas
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000
Vakančulīmenis
Bezdarba līmenis
NVA
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000
Vakančulīmenis
Bezdarba līmenis
CSP
Beveridža līknes variācijas
 Bezdarbs samazinās (pa kreisi)
 Vakanču līmenis pieaug NVA
(uz augšu)
 Vakanču līmenis samazinās CSP
(uz leju)
 Kāda ir darba tirgus efektivitāte?!
 Kurā virzienā «kustamies»? 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Darba tirgus saderība (Atbilstības f-ja)
 A(t) un alfa novērtējums
 m(u,v) = Auα v1−α
 A=1 un alfa=0.5
 Optimizācija – vidējais vakanču sk.
 Izteicu A(t) – dinamika; alfa = const.
 U*/V* = const; U*/V* (A(t)) – dinamika
 Dabiskais un cikliskais bezdarbs
1. 1998 - 2003.4.q NVA
alfa 0.628022
A 1.04804
s 0.04
u(vid.) 0.133354
v(vid.) 0.003214
2.all data CSP 3. all data NVA
alfa 0.568855 alfa 0.595059
A 1.036473 A 1.044298
s 0.04 s 0.04
u(vid.) 0.122316 u(vid.) 0.12567
v(vid.) 0.008489 v(vid.) 0.006133
2.(a) - CSP data, estimate 2005 – 2007q4 3.(a) data NVA 1998 – 2001q4
alfa 0.520489 alfa 0.61883
A 1.015869 A 1.04248
s 0.04 s 0.04
u(vid.) 0.077004 u(vid.) 0.139684
v(vid.) 0.017238 v(vid.) 0.003184
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1998
Q1
Q3 1999
Q1
Q3 2000
Q1
Q3 2001
Q1
Q3 2002
Q1
Q3 2003
Q1
Q3 2004
Q1
Q3 2005
Q1
Q3 2006
Q1
Q3 2007
Q1
Q3 2008
Q1
Q3 2009
Q1
Q3 2010
Q1
Q3 2011
Q1
Q3 2012
Q1
Q3 2013
Q1
Q3 2014
Q1
Q3
A(t)
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2005Q1
Q3
2006Q1
Q3
2007Q1
Q3
2008Q1
Q3
2009Q1
Q3
2010Q1
Q3
2011Q1
Q3
2012Q1
Q3
2013Q1
Q3
2014Q1
Q3
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2005Q1
Q3
2006Q1
Q3
2007Q1
Q3
2008Q1
Q3
2009Q1
Q3
2010Q1
Q3
2011Q1
Q3
2012Q1
Q3
2013Q1
Q3
2014Q1
Q3
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1998
Q1
Q3 1999
Q1
Q3 2000
Q1
Q3 2001
Q1
Q3 2002
Q1
Q3 2003
Q1
Q3 2004
Q1
Q3 2005
Q1
Q3 2006
Q1
Q3 2007
Q1
Q3 2008
Q1
Q3 2009
Q1
Q3 2010
Q1
Q3 2011
Q1
Q3 2012
Q1
Q3 2013
Q1
Q3 2014
Q1
Q3
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Cikliskā bezdarba komponente
Dabiskais bezdarbs
Bezdarba līmenis
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Cikliskā bezdarba komponente
Dabiskais bezdarbs
Bezdarba līmenis
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Cikliskā bezdarba komponente
Dabiskais bezdarbs
Bezdarba līmenis
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Cikliskā bezdarba
komponente
Dabiskais bezdarbs
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Cikliskā bezdarba
komponente
Dabiskais bezdarbs
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
1998Q1
Q4
Q3
Q2
2001Q1
Q4
Q3
Q2
2004Q1
Q4
Q3
Q2
2007Q1
Q4
Q3
Q2
2010Q1
Q4
Q3
Q2
2013Q1
Q4
Q3
Cikliskā bezdarba
komponente
Dabiskais
bezdarbs
Darba tirgus saderība (Atbilstības f-ja)
 Pieņēmums par dabiskā bezdarba līmeni
 Kāds konkrēts līmenis (3% / 5% / 7%)
 Ilgtermiņa vidējais (kādā periodā?)
 Faktiskais bezdarbs zem dabiskā bezdarba laikā no 2005 / 2006 gada līdz
2007 / 2008
Bezdarba samazināšanas pasākumi
 Neatbalstu stimulēt pieprasījumu ilgtermiņā, īstermiņā ir pieļaujams
 Tautsaimniecības struktūra un pieprasījums
 Eksporta / importa bilance
 Pakalpojumu / ražošanas sektors
 Ārējā pieprasījuma stimulēšana
 Preces ar augstu pievienoto vērtību
 Izglītība
 Profesija
 «Soft skills»
 Ilgtermiņa bezdarbnieki
 Arodbiedrības un koplīgumi
 Atlaišanas nosacījumi
 Kvalifikācijas celšana un apmācības
 CILVĒKKAPITĀLS
Paldies!
Kādi jautājumi?
Kādas atbildes?

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Strukturālais un cikliskais bezdarbs Latvijā

  • 1. Strukturālais un cikliskais bezdarbs Latvijā Agnese Vaivade Latvijas Universitāte 2015
  • 2. Saturs  Beveridža līknes variācijas  Darba tirgus saderība (Atbilstības funkcija)  Bezdarba samazināšanas pasākumi  Fīlipsa līkne slēgtā ekonomikā
  • 3. Bezdarbs un NVA vakances – pilna datu kopa 0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1.800 2.000 5.000 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000 Vakančulīmenis Bezdarba līmenis Bezdarba līmenis Vakanču līmenis Bezdarba līmenis Vakanču līmenis Bezdarba līmenis Vakanču līmenis 1998 Q1 14.266 0.3282003 Q1 11.436 0.3592009 Q1 13.546 0.305 Q2 14.639 0.371Q2 12.064 0.358Q2 16.914 0.248 Q3 13.834 0.357Q3 12.244 0.383Q3 19.716 0.190 Q4 13.413 0.335Q4 10.889 0.384Q4 20.357 0.213 1999 Q1 14.071 0.3642004 Q1 11.822 0.4462010 Q1 20.368 0.249 Q2 13.921 0.339Q2 11.696 0.521Q2 19.932 0.282 Q3 13.953 0.357Q3 11.613 0.536Q3 19.367 0.338 Q4 14.292 0.280Q4 11.930 0.606Q4 18.128 0.360 2000 Q1 14.577 0.2742005 Q1 11.018 0.6722011 Q1 16.969 0.366 Q2 14.309 0.274Q2 10.401 0.768Q2 16.769 0.396 Q3 14.244 0.307Q3 9.892 0.860Q3 15.685 0.404 Q4 14.193 0.301Q4 8.826 1.010Q4 15.305 0.392 2001 Q1 14.155 0.3202006 Q1 8.097 1.1712012 Q1 15.743 0.392 Q2 13.167 0.321Q2 7.194 1.423Q2 16.033 0.438 Q3 13.052 0.305Q3 6.303 1.495Q3 14.146 0.478 Q4 13.409 0.261Q4 6.505 1.839Q4 14.197 0.479 2002 Q1 12.741 0.2422007 Q1 6.659 1.9652013 Q1 12.516 0.567 Q2 13.876 0.255Q2 6.248 1.872Q2 11.314 0.610 Q3 11.343 0.299Q3 5.933 1.949Q3 12.144 0.590 Q4 11.963 0.338Q4 5.361 1.968Q4 11.470 0.661 2008 Q1 6.356 1.7532014 Q1 11.423 0.683 Q2 6.512 1.166Q2 10.593 0.633 Q3 7.759 0.834Q3 10.909 0.656 Q4 10.485 0.528Q4 10.413 0.679 1998 - 1999 2003 - 2004 2006 – 2007/8 2009 2014 Beveridža līknes variācijas 2005 2008 2011
  • 4. Beveridža līknes variācijas 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 5.000 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000 Vakančulīmenis Bezdarba līmenis NVA 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 5.000 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000 Vakančulīmenis Bezdarba līmenis CSP
  • 5. Beveridža līknes variācijas 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000 Vakančulīmenis Bezdarba līmenis NVA 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 21.000 Vakančulīmenis Bezdarba līmenis CSP
  • 6. Beveridža līknes variācijas  Bezdarbs samazinās (pa kreisi)  Vakanču līmenis pieaug NVA (uz augšu)  Vakanču līmenis samazinās CSP (uz leju)  Kāda ir darba tirgus efektivitāte?!  Kurā virzienā «kustamies»? 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
  • 7. Darba tirgus saderība (Atbilstības f-ja)  A(t) un alfa novērtējums  m(u,v) = Auα v1−α  A=1 un alfa=0.5  Optimizācija – vidējais vakanču sk.  Izteicu A(t) – dinamika; alfa = const.  U*/V* = const; U*/V* (A(t)) – dinamika  Dabiskais un cikliskais bezdarbs 1. 1998 - 2003.4.q NVA alfa 0.628022 A 1.04804 s 0.04 u(vid.) 0.133354 v(vid.) 0.003214 2.all data CSP 3. all data NVA alfa 0.568855 alfa 0.595059 A 1.036473 A 1.044298 s 0.04 s 0.04 u(vid.) 0.122316 u(vid.) 0.12567 v(vid.) 0.008489 v(vid.) 0.006133 2.(a) - CSP data, estimate 2005 – 2007q4 3.(a) data NVA 1998 – 2001q4 alfa 0.520489 alfa 0.61883 A 1.015869 A 1.04248 s 0.04 s 0.04 u(vid.) 0.077004 u(vid.) 0.139684 v(vid.) 0.017238 v(vid.) 0.003184
  • 8. 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1998 Q1 Q3 1999 Q1 Q3 2000 Q1 Q3 2001 Q1 Q3 2002 Q1 Q3 2003 Q1 Q3 2004 Q1 Q3 2005 Q1 Q3 2006 Q1 Q3 2007 Q1 Q3 2008 Q1 Q3 2009 Q1 Q3 2010 Q1 Q3 2011 Q1 Q3 2012 Q1 Q3 2013 Q1 Q3 2014 Q1 Q3 A(t) 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2005Q1 Q3 2006Q1 Q3 2007Q1 Q3 2008Q1 Q3 2009Q1 Q3 2010Q1 Q3 2011Q1 Q3 2012Q1 Q3 2013Q1 Q3 2014Q1 Q3 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2005Q1 Q3 2006Q1 Q3 2007Q1 Q3 2008Q1 Q3 2009Q1 Q3 2010Q1 Q3 2011Q1 Q3 2012Q1 Q3 2013Q1 Q3 2014Q1 Q3 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1998 Q1 Q3 1999 Q1 Q3 2000 Q1 Q3 2001 Q1 Q3 2002 Q1 Q3 2003 Q1 Q3 2004 Q1 Q3 2005 Q1 Q3 2006 Q1 Q3 2007 Q1 Q3 2008 Q1 Q3 2009 Q1 Q3 2010 Q1 Q3 2011 Q1 Q3 2012 Q1 Q3 2013 Q1 Q3 2014 Q1 Q3
  • 9. -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Cikliskā bezdarba komponente Dabiskais bezdarbs Bezdarba līmenis -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Cikliskā bezdarba komponente Dabiskais bezdarbs Bezdarba līmenis
  • 11. -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Cikliskā bezdarba komponente Dabiskais bezdarbs -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Cikliskā bezdarba komponente Dabiskais bezdarbs -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 1998Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 2001Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 2004Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 2007Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 2010Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 2013Q1 Q4 Q3 Cikliskā bezdarba komponente Dabiskais bezdarbs
  • 12. Darba tirgus saderība (Atbilstības f-ja)  Pieņēmums par dabiskā bezdarba līmeni  Kāds konkrēts līmenis (3% / 5% / 7%)  Ilgtermiņa vidējais (kādā periodā?)  Faktiskais bezdarbs zem dabiskā bezdarba laikā no 2005 / 2006 gada līdz 2007 / 2008
  • 13. Bezdarba samazināšanas pasākumi  Neatbalstu stimulēt pieprasījumu ilgtermiņā, īstermiņā ir pieļaujams  Tautsaimniecības struktūra un pieprasījums  Eksporta / importa bilance  Pakalpojumu / ražošanas sektors  Ārējā pieprasījuma stimulēšana  Preces ar augstu pievienoto vērtību  Izglītība  Profesija  «Soft skills»  Ilgtermiņa bezdarbnieki  Arodbiedrības un koplīgumi  Atlaišanas nosacījumi  Kvalifikācijas celšana un apmācības  CILVĒKKAPITĀLS