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Cemeg 2 Uned 1
Adweithiau metelau alcaliaidd a
halogenau
ADOLYGU
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
•Adweithiau metelau grwp 1
OCSIGEN yn yr aer
Sodiwm
4 Na
Ocsigen
O2
+
Sodiwm Ocsid
2 Na2O
• Llosgi yn dda wrth gael ei wresogi
• Colli eu sglein wrth eu gadael yn yr aer
• Cynnyrch = powdr gwyn _______ Ocsid
DŴR OER
Disgrifiadau cyffredinol
• Sio
• Ymdoddi a diflannu
• Symud yn gyflymach wrth fynd I lawr y grwp
Sodiwm
2 Na
Dŵr
2H2O+
Sodiwm Hydrocsid
2 Na2O
Hydrogen
H2
+
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
•Adweithiau metelau grwp 1
Clorin ac ELFENNAU GRP. 7
Sodiwm
2 Na
Clorin
Cl2
+
Sodiwm Clorid
2 NaCl
• Halogenau
• Anfetelau
• 7 Electron allanol
• Llai adweithiol I lawr y grwp
TUEDD
Disgrifiadau cyffredinol
Adweithedd metelau grp. 1
Mwy adweithiol I lawr y grwp.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
• Adnabod cyfansoddion sy’n cynnwys metelau Grp.1
•PRAWF FFLAM
Cyfansoddyn
sy’n cynnwys
LITHIWM SODIWM POTASIWM
Lliw Fflam Coch Melyn-Oren Lelog
• DISGRIFIAD
• Glanhau a gwlychu eiren platinwm / meicrom mewn Asid Hydroclorig.
• Rhoi’r weiren mewn cyfansoddyn I’w brofi.
• Cyfansoddyn yn glynnu I’r weiren.
• Dal y cyfansoddyn yn y fflam.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
•Adweithiau halogenau grwp 7
• HAEARN
• Haearn yn gloywi
• Mwg lliw yn ffurfio
• Disgrifiadau cyffredinol
Adweithedd metelau grp. 7
Llai adweithiol I lawr y grwp.
Haearn
2 Fe
Clorin
3Cl2
+
Haearn Clorid
2 FeCl3
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
• Adnabod yr halidau (cyfansoddion yn cynnwys clorid/bromid/iodid)
•PRAWF ARIAN NITRAD
Cyfansoddyn
sy’n cynnwys
CLORID BROMID IODID
Lliw Gwaddod Gwyn Hufen Melyn
• DISGRIFIAD
• Hydoddi powdr mewn dwr I greu hydoddiant
• Ychwanegu hydoddiant arian nitrad
• Profi wrth arsylwi y lliw
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
• Gwahanu Olew yn ffracsiynau llai
•DISTYLLU FFRACSIYNNOL
• Gwresogi olew fel bod yr hydrocarbonau yn anweddu
• Anwedd yn symud trwy’r golofn ac yn oeri wrth godi
• Os caiff ei oeri o dan ei ferwbwynt – cyddwyso yn ol yn hylif a gellir ei gasgluo
wahanol rannau o’r golofn.
• DISGRIFIAD
Olew Crai
Gwresogydd
Nwy Petroliwm (<40˚C) C1 i C3
Gasoline(40 - 200˚C) C4 i C12
Kerosene, tanwydd jet(200-250˚C) C12 i C16
Olew gwresogi(250 - 300˚C) C15 i C18
Olew iro(300 - 370˚C) >C19
Gwaddod >C25
Y GOLOFN DDISTYLLU
FFRACSIYNOL
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
• ALCANAU
• Cyfansoddion yn cynnwys yr elfennau Hydrogen a Carbon
•HYDROCARBONAU
BOND Sengl cofalent ADWEITHEDD Dim ond yn llosgi
ENWAU Methan Ethan Propan Bwtan Pentan
FFORMIWLA CH4 C2 H6 C3 H8 C4 H10 C5 H12
FFORMIWLA
ADEILEDDOL
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
• Cyfansoddion yn cynnwys yr elfennau Hydrogen a Carbon
•HYDROCARBONAU
• ALCENAU
BOND Dwbl cofalent ADWEITHEDD Adweithiol iawn
ENWAU Ethen Propen
FFORMIWLA C2H4 C3 H6
FFORMIWLA
ADEILEDDOL
• Prawf alcenau: Dwr bromin yn cadw lliw efo alcenau ond yn colli lliw efo alcanau.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
• Monomer: Moleciwl bach adweithiol yn cynnwys bond dwbl
• Polymer: Cadwyn hir o fonomerau wedi eu uno
• Y broses o droi monomerau yn gadwyn hir o bolymer
•POLYMERIAD ADIO
• Mewn polymeriad adio mae monomerau yn cael eu
troi yn bolymerau.
• AMODAU: Gwres a gwasgedd uchel
n
n = nifer y monomerau Polymer = n uned o hyd
Neu gellir ei
ddangos fel:
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
• ENGREIFFTIAU
•POLYMERIAD ADIO
ENW’R
MONOMER
Ethen Cloroethen Tetrafflworeth
en
Propen
FFORMIWLA
ADEILEDDOL
ENW’R
POLYMER
Polyethen Polycloroethe
n
Polytetrafflwo
rethen
Polypropen
FFORMIWLA
ADEILEDDOL
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
•MATHAU O BLASTIGION
ENW’R MATH THERMOPLASTIG THERMOSET
Diagram o’r adeiledd
Effaith gwres a pham Mowldio
Heb groesgysylltau felly
yn llithro heibio eu
gilydd
Dim Effaith
Croegysylltau yn
cryfhau yr adeiledd
Defnydd posib Powlenni Socedi trydan
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013
•DEFNYDDIAU CLYFAR (SMART)
Enw’r
Defnydd
Paent
thermocro
mig
Paent
ffotocromi
g
Aloi cofio
siap
Polymer
cofio siap
Hydrogel
Pa
briodwedd
sy’n
newid?
Lliw Lliw Cof cadw
siap – ffug
elastigedd
Siap Amsugno
Dwr
Pa newid
amgylche
ddol?
Gwres Golau Siap Gwres Tymheredd
neu pH
Defnydd
Posib
Crysau T
Tymheredd
corff
Sbectols
haul –
tywyllu
mewn
golau haul
Ffram
sbectol
Cyrff ceir
plastig –
trwsio tolc
Cyhyrau
artiffisial

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GCSE Chemistry 2 Unit 1 - Cemeg 2 Uned 2 (Welsh Version / Fersiwn Gymraeg)

  • 1. Cemeg 2 Uned 1 Adweithiau metelau alcaliaidd a halogenau ADOLYGU
  • 2. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 •Adweithiau metelau grwp 1 OCSIGEN yn yr aer Sodiwm 4 Na Ocsigen O2 + Sodiwm Ocsid 2 Na2O • Llosgi yn dda wrth gael ei wresogi • Colli eu sglein wrth eu gadael yn yr aer • Cynnyrch = powdr gwyn _______ Ocsid DŴR OER Disgrifiadau cyffredinol • Sio • Ymdoddi a diflannu • Symud yn gyflymach wrth fynd I lawr y grwp Sodiwm 2 Na Dŵr 2H2O+ Sodiwm Hydrocsid 2 Na2O Hydrogen H2 +
  • 3. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 •Adweithiau metelau grwp 1 Clorin ac ELFENNAU GRP. 7 Sodiwm 2 Na Clorin Cl2 + Sodiwm Clorid 2 NaCl • Halogenau • Anfetelau • 7 Electron allanol • Llai adweithiol I lawr y grwp TUEDD Disgrifiadau cyffredinol Adweithedd metelau grp. 1 Mwy adweithiol I lawr y grwp.
  • 4. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 • Adnabod cyfansoddion sy’n cynnwys metelau Grp.1 •PRAWF FFLAM Cyfansoddyn sy’n cynnwys LITHIWM SODIWM POTASIWM Lliw Fflam Coch Melyn-Oren Lelog • DISGRIFIAD • Glanhau a gwlychu eiren platinwm / meicrom mewn Asid Hydroclorig. • Rhoi’r weiren mewn cyfansoddyn I’w brofi. • Cyfansoddyn yn glynnu I’r weiren. • Dal y cyfansoddyn yn y fflam.
  • 5. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 •Adweithiau halogenau grwp 7 • HAEARN • Haearn yn gloywi • Mwg lliw yn ffurfio • Disgrifiadau cyffredinol Adweithedd metelau grp. 7 Llai adweithiol I lawr y grwp. Haearn 2 Fe Clorin 3Cl2 + Haearn Clorid 2 FeCl3
  • 6. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 • Adnabod yr halidau (cyfansoddion yn cynnwys clorid/bromid/iodid) •PRAWF ARIAN NITRAD Cyfansoddyn sy’n cynnwys CLORID BROMID IODID Lliw Gwaddod Gwyn Hufen Melyn • DISGRIFIAD • Hydoddi powdr mewn dwr I greu hydoddiant • Ychwanegu hydoddiant arian nitrad • Profi wrth arsylwi y lliw
  • 7. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 • Gwahanu Olew yn ffracsiynau llai •DISTYLLU FFRACSIYNNOL • Gwresogi olew fel bod yr hydrocarbonau yn anweddu • Anwedd yn symud trwy’r golofn ac yn oeri wrth godi • Os caiff ei oeri o dan ei ferwbwynt – cyddwyso yn ol yn hylif a gellir ei gasgluo wahanol rannau o’r golofn. • DISGRIFIAD Olew Crai Gwresogydd Nwy Petroliwm (<40˚C) C1 i C3 Gasoline(40 - 200˚C) C4 i C12 Kerosene, tanwydd jet(200-250˚C) C12 i C16 Olew gwresogi(250 - 300˚C) C15 i C18 Olew iro(300 - 370˚C) >C19 Gwaddod >C25 Y GOLOFN DDISTYLLU FFRACSIYNOL
  • 8. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 • ALCANAU • Cyfansoddion yn cynnwys yr elfennau Hydrogen a Carbon •HYDROCARBONAU BOND Sengl cofalent ADWEITHEDD Dim ond yn llosgi ENWAU Methan Ethan Propan Bwtan Pentan FFORMIWLA CH4 C2 H6 C3 H8 C4 H10 C5 H12 FFORMIWLA ADEILEDDOL
  • 9. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 • Cyfansoddion yn cynnwys yr elfennau Hydrogen a Carbon •HYDROCARBONAU • ALCENAU BOND Dwbl cofalent ADWEITHEDD Adweithiol iawn ENWAU Ethen Propen FFORMIWLA C2H4 C3 H6 FFORMIWLA ADEILEDDOL • Prawf alcenau: Dwr bromin yn cadw lliw efo alcenau ond yn colli lliw efo alcanau.
  • 10. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 • Monomer: Moleciwl bach adweithiol yn cynnwys bond dwbl • Polymer: Cadwyn hir o fonomerau wedi eu uno • Y broses o droi monomerau yn gadwyn hir o bolymer •POLYMERIAD ADIO • Mewn polymeriad adio mae monomerau yn cael eu troi yn bolymerau. • AMODAU: Gwres a gwasgedd uchel n n = nifer y monomerau Polymer = n uned o hyd Neu gellir ei ddangos fel:
  • 11. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 • ENGREIFFTIAU •POLYMERIAD ADIO ENW’R MONOMER Ethen Cloroethen Tetrafflworeth en Propen FFORMIWLA ADEILEDDOL ENW’R POLYMER Polyethen Polycloroethe n Polytetrafflwo rethen Polypropen FFORMIWLA ADEILEDDOL
  • 12. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 •MATHAU O BLASTIGION ENW’R MATH THERMOPLASTIG THERMOSET Diagram o’r adeiledd Effaith gwres a pham Mowldio Heb groesgysylltau felly yn llithro heibio eu gilydd Dim Effaith Croegysylltau yn cryfhau yr adeiledd Defnydd posib Powlenni Socedi trydan
  • 13. Copyright© Iestyn Tyne 2013 •DEFNYDDIAU CLYFAR (SMART) Enw’r Defnydd Paent thermocro mig Paent ffotocromi g Aloi cofio siap Polymer cofio siap Hydrogel Pa briodwedd sy’n newid? Lliw Lliw Cof cadw siap – ffug elastigedd Siap Amsugno Dwr Pa newid amgylche ddol? Gwres Golau Siap Gwres Tymheredd neu pH Defnydd Posib Crysau T Tymheredd corff Sbectols haul – tywyllu mewn golau haul Ffram sbectol Cyrff ceir plastig – trwsio tolc Cyhyrau artiffisial