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GCSE Chemistry 2 Unit 1 - Cemeg 2 Uned 2 (Welsh Version / Fersiwn Gymraeg)
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GCSE Chemistry 2 Unit 1 - Cemeg 2 Uned 2 (Welsh Version / Fersiwn Gymraeg)
1.
Cemeg 2 Uned
1 Adweithiau metelau alcaliaidd a halogenau ADOLYGU
2.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 •Adweithiau metelau grwp 1 OCSIGEN yn yr aer Sodiwm 4 Na Ocsigen O2 + Sodiwm Ocsid 2 Na2O • Llosgi yn dda wrth gael ei wresogi • Colli eu sglein wrth eu gadael yn yr aer • Cynnyrch = powdr gwyn _______ Ocsid DŴR OER Disgrifiadau cyffredinol • Sio • Ymdoddi a diflannu • Symud yn gyflymach wrth fynd I lawr y grwp Sodiwm 2 Na Dŵr 2H2O+ Sodiwm Hydrocsid 2 Na2O Hydrogen H2 +
3.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 •Adweithiau metelau grwp 1 Clorin ac ELFENNAU GRP. 7 Sodiwm 2 Na Clorin Cl2 + Sodiwm Clorid 2 NaCl • Halogenau • Anfetelau • 7 Electron allanol • Llai adweithiol I lawr y grwp TUEDD Disgrifiadau cyffredinol Adweithedd metelau grp. 1 Mwy adweithiol I lawr y grwp.
4.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 • Adnabod cyfansoddion sy’n cynnwys metelau Grp.1 •PRAWF FFLAM Cyfansoddyn sy’n cynnwys LITHIWM SODIWM POTASIWM Lliw Fflam Coch Melyn-Oren Lelog • DISGRIFIAD • Glanhau a gwlychu eiren platinwm / meicrom mewn Asid Hydroclorig. • Rhoi’r weiren mewn cyfansoddyn I’w brofi. • Cyfansoddyn yn glynnu I’r weiren. • Dal y cyfansoddyn yn y fflam.
5.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 •Adweithiau halogenau grwp 7 • HAEARN • Haearn yn gloywi • Mwg lliw yn ffurfio • Disgrifiadau cyffredinol Adweithedd metelau grp. 7 Llai adweithiol I lawr y grwp. Haearn 2 Fe Clorin 3Cl2 + Haearn Clorid 2 FeCl3
6.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 • Adnabod yr halidau (cyfansoddion yn cynnwys clorid/bromid/iodid) •PRAWF ARIAN NITRAD Cyfansoddyn sy’n cynnwys CLORID BROMID IODID Lliw Gwaddod Gwyn Hufen Melyn • DISGRIFIAD • Hydoddi powdr mewn dwr I greu hydoddiant • Ychwanegu hydoddiant arian nitrad • Profi wrth arsylwi y lliw
7.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 • Gwahanu Olew yn ffracsiynau llai •DISTYLLU FFRACSIYNNOL • Gwresogi olew fel bod yr hydrocarbonau yn anweddu • Anwedd yn symud trwy’r golofn ac yn oeri wrth godi • Os caiff ei oeri o dan ei ferwbwynt – cyddwyso yn ol yn hylif a gellir ei gasgluo wahanol rannau o’r golofn. • DISGRIFIAD Olew Crai Gwresogydd Nwy Petroliwm (<40˚C) C1 i C3 Gasoline(40 - 200˚C) C4 i C12 Kerosene, tanwydd jet(200-250˚C) C12 i C16 Olew gwresogi(250 - 300˚C) C15 i C18 Olew iro(300 - 370˚C) >C19 Gwaddod >C25 Y GOLOFN DDISTYLLU FFRACSIYNOL
8.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 • ALCANAU • Cyfansoddion yn cynnwys yr elfennau Hydrogen a Carbon •HYDROCARBONAU BOND Sengl cofalent ADWEITHEDD Dim ond yn llosgi ENWAU Methan Ethan Propan Bwtan Pentan FFORMIWLA CH4 C2 H6 C3 H8 C4 H10 C5 H12 FFORMIWLA ADEILEDDOL
9.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 • Cyfansoddion yn cynnwys yr elfennau Hydrogen a Carbon •HYDROCARBONAU • ALCENAU BOND Dwbl cofalent ADWEITHEDD Adweithiol iawn ENWAU Ethen Propen FFORMIWLA C2H4 C3 H6 FFORMIWLA ADEILEDDOL • Prawf alcenau: Dwr bromin yn cadw lliw efo alcenau ond yn colli lliw efo alcanau.
10.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 • Monomer: Moleciwl bach adweithiol yn cynnwys bond dwbl • Polymer: Cadwyn hir o fonomerau wedi eu uno • Y broses o droi monomerau yn gadwyn hir o bolymer •POLYMERIAD ADIO • Mewn polymeriad adio mae monomerau yn cael eu troi yn bolymerau. • AMODAU: Gwres a gwasgedd uchel n n = nifer y monomerau Polymer = n uned o hyd Neu gellir ei ddangos fel:
11.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 • ENGREIFFTIAU •POLYMERIAD ADIO ENW’R MONOMER Ethen Cloroethen Tetrafflworeth en Propen FFORMIWLA ADEILEDDOL ENW’R POLYMER Polyethen Polycloroethe n Polytetrafflwo rethen Polypropen FFORMIWLA ADEILEDDOL
12.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 •MATHAU O BLASTIGION ENW’R MATH THERMOPLASTIG THERMOSET Diagram o’r adeiledd Effaith gwres a pham Mowldio Heb groesgysylltau felly yn llithro heibio eu gilydd Dim Effaith Croegysylltau yn cryfhau yr adeiledd Defnydd posib Powlenni Socedi trydan
13.
Copyright© Iestyn Tyne
2013 •DEFNYDDIAU CLYFAR (SMART) Enw’r Defnydd Paent thermocro mig Paent ffotocromi g Aloi cofio siap Polymer cofio siap Hydrogel Pa briodwedd sy’n newid? Lliw Lliw Cof cadw siap – ffug elastigedd Siap Amsugno Dwr Pa newid amgylche ddol? Gwres Golau Siap Gwres Tymheredd neu pH Defnydd Posib Crysau T Tymheredd corff Sbectols haul – tywyllu mewn golau haul Ffram sbectol Cyrff ceir plastig – trwsio tolc Cyhyrau artiffisial
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