Efficacy of bioactive components of bottle gourd oilseed extracts on the antimicrobial activity and toxigenic fungi. Bottle gourd seeds are rich in bioactive components and phytochemicals. The polar extract reflects antioxidant potency. Total phenolic were 15.5 and 267 mg of GAE/g for oil and polar extract, respectively. Total flavonoid contents were 2.95 mg catechol /g oil and 14.86 mg catechol/g for isopropyl extract of seeds. The higher inhibition of the DPPH was shown by polar extract than oil. The MIC and MFC showed a distinguishing for the polar extract toward the pathogens. Three sterols were detected in oil, with a significant content of B-sitosterols. Oil was recorded by valuable B-carotene content and tocopherol. Polar extract recorded a promising potency against pathogens and toxigenic fungi compared to standard antibiotics. Bottle gourd extracts as a non-traditional bioactive source, are considered as a novel promising solution, which could participate in increasing the safety, shelf-life, and security of food products.

1. Efficacy of bioactive components of bottle
gourd oilseed extracts on the antimicrobial
activity and toxigenic fungi
Adel G. Abdel-Razek1 and Ahmed N. Badr2
1Fats and Oils Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
2Food Toxicology and Contaminants Dept., NRC, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.

2. Phytochemicals derived from gourd family used in treat serious
illnesses, microbial invasion, human immunodeficiency virus,
tumor initiators, and cancer.
The plants belonged to this family are distinguished by their
valuable phytonutrient contents of vitamins, minerals and
bioactive carbohydrates.
Introduction

3. * Bottle gourd seeds are surrounded by several bioactive
components of phytochemicals.
Bottle Gourd

4. • The common factor of both extracts (polar and non-polar) is their
significance antioxidants and phenolic compounds.
• Seeds contains protein, fats, dietary fibers, and low carbohydrates.
• Seed kernels yield about 53% oil used for cooking and hair oil.
• The flour of seeds is considered a significant source for vitamins (B-
complex vitamins) and minerals inclusive of K, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and
Mn.

5. • Recently, plant extracts practice efficiency to reduce mycotoxin
hazard while it presents in tissues.
• Mycotoxins are harmful compounds secreted by fungal
contamination of food products.
• Present investigation was targeted to evaluate the BGE efficiency
to suppress the fungal contamination and mycotoxin secretion.

7. Materials and Methods
• Preparation of polar and non-polar extracts.
• Determination of Total Phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC),
Antioxidant Activity for polar extract

8. Determination of Fatty Acid Profile, Sterols.
Determination of Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Contents,
Carotenoid Content, Phenolic Fractions of polar extract,
Aflatoxins and zearalenone
.

9. • Estimation of antifungal activity of the polar BG extract
• Toxin production reduction in liquid media.

10. Evaluation of bottle gourd extract healthy impact

11. Chemical composition of Bottle gourd powder of the seeds
Moisture
Fat
Total protein
Total
Carbohydrates
Ash
Material
4.92±0.93a
34.12±1.02a
11.54±1.05a
19.21±1.14a
2.51±0.73a
Seed powder
6.37±0.57b
2.17±0.34b
18.61±1.27b
31.18±1.31b
4.27±0.88b
de-fatted powder
The Results represented a high content of fats and protein

12. Fatty acid composition
Concentration (%)
Fatty acid
6.41±0.41
C16:0 (palmitic acid)
0.39±0.61
C16:1 (palmitoleic acid)
ND
C17:0 (heptadecanoic acid)
ND
C17:1 (heptadecenoic acid)
0.38±0.18
C18:0 (stearic acid)
49.37±1.14
C18:1 (oleic acid)
35.21±1.05
C18:2n6 (linoleic acid)
7.51±0.54
C18:3n6 (y-linolenic acid)
0.22±0.08
C18:3n3 (linolenic acid)
0.10±0.02
C20:0 (arachidic acid)
ND
C20:1 (c-11-eicosenoic acid)
ND
C20:2 (eicosadienoic acid)
ND
C21:0 (heneicosanoic acid)
0.18±0.01
C22:1 (erukowy)
0.20±0.02
C24:0 (tetrakozanowy)

13. µg/g
Tocols compounds
367.18±4.26
α- tocopherol
ND
β- tocopherol
64.09±2.14
γ- tocopherol
117.85±3.71
δ- tocopherol
549.12±10.11
Total tocopherol
µg/g
27.37±1.67
α- tocotrienol
1.25±0.34
β- tocotrienol
45.61±1.46
γ- tocotrienol
18.12±1.02
δ- tocotrienol
92.35±4.49
Total tocotrienol
Tocopherols and tocotrienols

14. mg/100g
Sterols
59.61±2.05
Campesterol
6.74±0.54
Stigmasterol
22.40 ± 1.46
Ergosterol
332.66±5.71
β-sitosterol
1.94±0.22
δ-5-avenasterol
µg/g
Carotenoids
109.78±2.66
lutein
294.24±3.08
Zeaxanthin
674.16±5.74
β-carotene
Sterols and caroteniods

15. Antioxidant activity

16. Phenolic and Flavonoids
.
Phenolic acids Concentrations in
polar extract
(µg/g)
Flavonoids Concentrations in
polar extract
(µg/g)
Chlorogenic 97.15±1.58 Apigenin 105.3±2.54
Cempferol 6.25±0.51 Catechin 45.2±1.46
4-hydroxybenzoic 71.6±1.05 Epicatechin ND
Caffeic 5.22±0.41 Luteolin 0.19±0.05
Ferulic 105.2±2.88 Rutin ND
Gallic 14.3±0.97 Naringin 0.28±0.06
p-Cumaric 52.1±1.81 Quercetin ND
Protocatechuic 0.3±0.02 Apigenin-7-glucoside 0.31±0.14
Sinapic 91.2±1.37 Kaempferol 6.25±0.51
Vanilic 0.56±0.22 Chrysin 0.21±0.03

17. Antifungal activities for the polar extract of bottle gourd

18. Evaluation of bottle gourd extract healthy impact

19. Reduction impact of BG-polar extract for mycotoxin production
Higher
inhibition

20. Conclusion
• Bottle gourd seeds are rich in bioactive components and
phytochemicals.
• The polar extract reflects antioxidant potency.
• Total phenolic were 15.5 and 267 mg of GAE/g for oil and polar
extract, respectively.
• Total flavonoid contents were 2.95 mg catechol /g oil and 14.86
mg catechol/g for isopropyl extract of seeds.
• The higher inhibition of the DPPH was shown by polar extract
than oil.
• The MIC and MFC showed a distinguishing for the polar extract
toward the pathogens.
• Three sterols were detected in oil, with a significant content of B-
sitosterols.
• Oil was recorded by valuable B-carotene content and tocopherol.

21. • Polar extract recorded a promising potency
against pathogens and toxigenic fungi
compared to standard antibiotics.
• Bottle gourd extracts as a non-traditional
bioactive source, are considered as a novel
promising solution, which could participate in
increasing the safety, shelf-life, and security of
food products.
Conclusion