It's about dynamic anthropometry

1. Click to edit Master title style
1
Dynamic
anthropometry

2. Click to edit Master title style
2
‒ Intr oduc tion
‒ C lear anc e
‒ Whole body access
‒ Circulation space
‒ Safety clearance
‒ Personal space
‒ R eac h: w or k s pace envelope
‒ Zone of convenient reach
‒ Normal working area
content

3. Click to edit Master title style
3
two basic anthropometry measurements:
static or structural
• Study dimensions and sizes of the body in a fixed structural position
• from one clearly identifiable anatomical landmark to another or to a
fixed point in space
introduction

4. Click to edit Master title style
4
Uses of static anthropometric data:
• Designing workstations
• Personal protective equipment
• Clothes
• Passage places
• Determining the location of the controls
• Work equipment and tools

5. Click to edit Master title style
5
Dynamic or Functional
• describe the movement of a body part with respect to a
fixed reference point
• measurements that are measured under action conditions
• action conditions is the state in which a person is given the
freedom to assume a natural position for doing work
• the state of body movement and the maximum deviation of
the body from the natural state are studied
• more complicated and difficult
introduction

6. Click to edit Master title style
6
converting static data to dynamic:
• Reduce heights (stature, eye, shoulder, hip) by 3 percent.
• Elbow height: no change, or increase by 5 percent if elevated
at work.
• Knee or popliteal height, sitting: no change, except with high-
heel shoes.
• Forward and lateral reaches: decrease by 30 percent for
convenience, increase by 20 percent for extensive shoulder
and trunk motions

7. Click to edit Master title style
7
Several parts of dynamic measurement:
• understand the mechanical state of an activity by measuring
the level of skills. For example, in the study of athlete
performance.
• When working, it is necessary to measure the area of ​​​​the
room. For example, the effective range of motion of the
arms and legs.
• Measuring work variability, for example, analyzing the
kinematics and finger capabilities of a computer typist or
operator.
introduction

8. Click to edit Master title style
8
Examples of desired sizes in this type are:
• Maximum reach in sitting position
• Height of the body in the kneeling position
• Height of the body when the trunk is bent
Uses of functional anthropometric data:
• Design of pilot cabin and crane cabin
• Designing the space inside the car
• Determining the location of control panels in
industries
• Determining access spaces on work tables
introduction

9. Click to edit Master title style
9
different parts of the human body are studied in
three planes:
• Sagittal plane: the body is divided into left
and right parts in the longitudinal direction.
• Coronal or frontal plane: passes through the
lateral part of the body and divides the body
longitudinally into anterior and posterior parts.
• Transverse plate: passes horizontally
through the body and divides the body into
two upper and lower parts from the waist.

10. Click to edit Master title style
10
• Clearance
• Whole Body Access
• Circulation Space
• Safety Clearances
• Personal Space
• Reach: Workspace Envelope
• Zones of Convenient Reach
• Normal Working Area

11. Click to edit Master title style
11
clearance
• relate to access and the space needed to
perform a task
• maximum breadth and depth of the body at the
widest or deepest point

12. Click to edit Master title style
12
• body ellipse: space requirements for a standing person
• space occupied by the human body
• the long and short axes are maximum breadth and
depth
• ‘elbow room’, circle around the ellipse, 95th %ile male
elbow span (1020 mm).
• Two further circles, arm spans of a 5th %ile woman
and a 95th %ile man

13. Click to edit Master title style
13
1.Whole Body Access
• minimum dimensions for hatches or openings giving
whole-body access to and egress from confined
spaces
• should be increased if equipment has to be worn or
carried, used by more than one person at a time
• important for escape hatches where a casualty might
need to be rescued
• ISO 2860: ‘the smallest dimension that will
accommodate the 95th percentile operator’
• 5% of operators trying to pass through hatches of
these dimensions would get stuck
• in a safety-critical application would clearly be
unacceptable

14. Click to edit Master title style
14
2.Circulation Space
• Minimum dimensional requirements for
circulation space in buildings, passage
between obstacles
• depend upon the context, obviously being less
in a party with a group of friends than in a
public space when mixing with strangers
• ranging from the obviously undesirable ‘close-
packed with no movement possible’ to ‘free
circulation without disturbing other people
• adequate circulation space and passageways
is a critical safety issue when planning
facilities to accommodate large crowds

15. Click to edit Master title style
15
3.Safety Clearances
• The design of barriers to exclude people from a hazardous
• In safety-critical circumstances maximum acceptable
dimension to exclude people (or some part of their body)
• gaps between bars in a safety guard on a machine tool,
maximum gap size would be specified to prevent fingers
contacting the moving parts of the machine.
• Here a 1st %ile criterion (or even smaller) would probably
be set

16. Click to edit Master title style
16
4.Personal Space
• the region surrounding a person which they regard as
psychologically theirs
• depend upon the task they are doing
• The minimum space in aircraft seating modules
• the usual activities performed (reaching for belongings,
eating, working presumably with a laptop computer and
sleeping)
• will help in the design of many workplaces as well as for
seating configurations
• have psychological overtones called ‘hidden dimensions’
• this space contributes in some way to psychological well-
being

17. Click to edit Master title style
17
Territoriality
• when human being attempt to define a space as
being for their own more or less exclusive use
• offices and areas surrounding a chosen seat in a
public place
• can be temporary as well as permanent
• a ‘psychological bubble’ that surrounds us
wherever we go and influences our interactions
with other people
• personal space as a portable territory

18. Click to edit Master title style
18
• a region around the person's body, demarcated by invisible
boundaries, into which the entry of other people is strictly
controlled
• four concentric zones : intimate (up to 450 mm), personal
(450 to 1200 mm), social (1200 to 3500 mm) and public
(over 3500 mm)
• Most people value their personal space and feel discomfort,
anger, or anxiety when their personal space is encroached.
• These factors are probably all important in the layout of
both workspaces and public spaces

19. Click to edit Master title style
19
Reach: Workspace Envelope
• a 3-dimensional space within which you carry out
physical work activities when you are at a fixed
location
• or more grandly as a ‘kinetosphere’
• the area that an operator can reach from a seated
or standing position
• It is used in workspace design to determine the
placement of displays and tools to be used by the
operator
• maximum reach envelope is smaller when seated
than when standing

20. Click to edit Master title style
20
1.Zone of Convenient Reach
• zone or space in which an object may be reached
conveniently without undue exertion
• The upper limb, measured from the shoulder to the
fingertip (or to the centre of grip), sweeps out a series of
arcs centred upon the joint

21. Click to edit Master title style
21
2.The Normal Working Area
• intersection of a horizontal plane (table or
bench) with a zone of convenient reach:
maximum work area
• a smaller area within this surface by sweeping
movement of the hands around the shoulder
axis, elbow is bent at 90 degrees or less:
normal working area
• The normal working area: frequent task actions
• zone of convenient: occasional task actions

22. Click to edit Master title style
22
Dynamic data are mostly obtained through studies
with specific objectives
Often these data cannot be used outside of the
intended scope
For example, reach data collected for cockpits may
not be suitable for designing vehicle cabins or
workstations in industries
These problems can often be overcome by a
mathematical models.
conclusion

23. Click to edit Master title style
23
A New Approach to Dynamic Anthropometry for the
Ergonomic Design of a Fashionable Personalised
Garment

24. Tankyou