Introduction The Ayub Martial Law opened a new era for the process of development and change in the politics of Pakistan Failure of 1956 Constitution and advent of Martial Law by General Muhammad Ayub Khan 1956 Constitution created a parliamentary democracy but failed because of many defects which are as follows: PM was to be appointed by the president in his own discretion President could dismiss the PM Pakistan became prey to legitimacy crisis

1. Ayub Khan Era
First Military Regime
And
The Second Republic
1958-69

2. Introduction
• The Ayub Martial Law opened a new era
for the process of development and
change in the politics of Pakistan

3. Failure of 1956 Constitution and advent
of Martial Law by General Muhammad
Ayub Khan

4. • 1956 Constitution created a
parliamentary democracy but failed
because of many defects which are as
follows:
1. PM was to be appointed by the
president in his own discretion
2. President could dismiss the PM
3. Pakistan became prey to legitimacy
crisis

5. 4. Absence of leadership
5. Inexperienced politicians without
support of majority
6. Unpopularity of The Muslim League
7. Emergence of many political parties
8. Political system based on personal
and parochial lines.
9. There was no political conviction.

6. Advent of Ayub Khan and 1962
Constitution
• Presidential system
• Federal form with one unit
• Uni-cameral legislature
• Judiciary
• Ideological council
• Directive principles of state policy
• Fundamental rights
• BD system

7. BD System
Division Council (16) Chairman:
Commissioner
Members: Half elected
and half officials
District Council (78) Chairman: DC
Memebrs: Half elected
and half official

8. Wards
Rural: Thana or Tahsil
Council
Chairman: SDO/AC/
Tahsil officer
Members: Elected
Urban
Cantonment
board
Chairman: officer
Members: half
( Ch. of comtt)
half officers
Municipal committee
Chairman: officer
Members: half
( Ch. of comtt) half
officers
Union Council or Town
Committee
Chairman: Elected
Members: 10-15
Elected
Union Committee
Chairman: Elected
Members: 15-20
Elected

9. 1962 Constitution: The second
Republic
President and his
Cabinet
Federal Public
service committee
Planning
commission
National
Assembly
Judiciary
Supreme Court
Ideological
Council
BD Members
80000

10. Administrative Function
NA President Center
PA Governor Province
Div Council Commissioner Division
Dist Council Dy.Comm. District
Tah/Union
Council
AC/SDO Sub-Division
Elected by BDs Reporting to
above authority

11. • Strong centralized Autocratic
Government
• Not a Political State but an
Administrative State
• Downfall of Ayub Khan: Causes and
Effects.

12. Conclusion