1. 1
)‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬(
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬
)‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬(
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬

2. 2
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬
2007 © DRI
‫ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬.،‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻁ‬.

3. 3
‫ﻓﻬﺭﺴﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬......................................................................................................................4
‫ﺸﻜـﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‬.........................................................................................................7
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ‬:‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬......................................8
1.‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ‬...................................................................................8
2.‫ﻋﺎﺠﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬..............................................................................................9
3.‫ﻤﺨﺘﻨﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﺀ‬..........................................................................................10
4.‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﺎﻥ‬2007........................................................................................14
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ‬:‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬..................................15
1.‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬...............................................................................15
2.‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬..................................................................16
3.‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬.................................................25
1.3.‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬..........................................................................................25
2.3.‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬.......................................................................................26
.3.3‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺨﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ‬............................................................................................28
4.3.‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨـﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬...................................................................................33
6.3.‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻠﺔ‬........................................................................................40
7.3.‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬‫ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺕ‬....................................................................................43
8.3.‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺯ‬...................................................47
9.3.‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬......................................................................................49
10.3.‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬...........................................................50
11.3.‫ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴـﺎﺕ‬..............................................................................................51
4.‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‬..........................................................................................52
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴـﺎﺕ‬...............................................................................................................57
1.‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬.......................................................57
2.‫ﺒﺎﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬..................................57
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻘـﺎﺕ‬.................................................................................................................60
‫ﻤﻠﺤـﻕ‬I:‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‬)‫ﺍﻝﺯﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬‫ﻨﻲ‬(........60
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ‬II:‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬.......................................................................63
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ‬III:‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬..........................................................................64
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ‬IV:‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬......................................................................................65

4. 4
‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬،‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﻋﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬1992‫ﺤﻘﻘﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻨﻘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺘﻤﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬1995‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺎﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،،‫ﻤﺘﻭﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻝﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﻴﻑ‬.‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺩ‬‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬‫ﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺙ‬ ،‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻝﻙ‬‫ﻤﺩﺓ‬12‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬.‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺸﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻐﺵ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻊ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬‫ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻝﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺼﺎﺅﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻼﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻝﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬
2002)1(
.
1
-‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻬﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺕ‬65.49%‫ﻓﻲ‬1997‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬46.17%‫ﻓﻲ‬
2002.
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬‫ﺅ‬‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬2007‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬‫ﻝﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﺀ‬1990.‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﺫ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬1995‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ‬ ،،‫ﻤﺘﻭﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻭﺏ‬.‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬.‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻘﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬.

5. 5
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬‫ﺒﻜﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻝﺒﺎ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬‫ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻤﻨﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺘﺘ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬‫ﺨﻔﻑ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺥ‬‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻲ‬.‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬1995‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬‫ﺒﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻡ‬.‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ‬‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺼل‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻀﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬»‫ﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻝﻐﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻬﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﻭﻱ‬«‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻬﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫،ﻭﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬-،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻭﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﺯﻴﻐﻴﺔ‬-،‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺨﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺼﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜل‬.‫ﻭ‬‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬1992‫ﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻭﺩ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻘﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺇﻻ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻝﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬‫ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﻤﺨ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﻝﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒ‬‫ﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻼﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺸﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻤﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬.
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺨﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬،‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﻴﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻭﻥ‬،‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻉ‬.‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺼﻰ‬:
-‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫؛‬

6. 6
-‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﻌﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬‫؛‬
-‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﺼﻭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭﺍﺕ؛‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬
-‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺸ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻼﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﻜﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
-‫ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻕ‬.
‫ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬‫ﻝﻠﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺨﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.

7. 7
‫ﺸﻜـﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬Laurent Marion)‫ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‬(‫ﻭ‬Michel Paternotre)‫ﺒﻠﺠﻴﻜﺎ‬(
‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬Democracy Reporting International)DRI.(‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻝﻠﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺸﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل‬‫ﺃﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬،‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺘﻀ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﻝﺞ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻼﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬.‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ،‫ﻝﻸﺴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺩﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺓ‬.‫ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻨﺘﺠ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﻌﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻪ‬.
‫ﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺠﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺀﺍ‬DRI‫ﻤﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻋﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬DRI‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺠﻠﻪ‬.
‫ﺃﻝﻤ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬.

8. 8
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ‬:‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬
1.‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘ‬‫ﻠﻬ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬‫ﻱ‬‫ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻕ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎ‬‫ﺀ‬28‫ﻨﻭﻨﺒﺭ‬1996‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺌﻪ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬1958،‫ﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻝﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺨﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﺭﻑ‬‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬119‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬)2(
)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬147(،‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬77‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬ ،8(‫ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬)3(
)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬118()4(.
،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬‫ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬»‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻲ‬«)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬124(‫ﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،
1989.‫ﻝﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻠﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻤﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻭﺩ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬.‫ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻘﺎ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل‬125،‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬»‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬«.
2
-‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬177(
3
-‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬"‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬) "‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬118-‫ﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬3.(
4
‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﺘﺭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻥ‬)‫ﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬‫ﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬89‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬(،‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﺘﺭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)،‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬11(‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬29.(

9. 9
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬»‫ﻴﻭ‬‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬«)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬77‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬ ،6(،
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﻗﻊ‬»‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ‬«)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬85‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬ ،4.(‫ﺇﻁﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬‫ﻝﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬،‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬.‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺴﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬‫ﻁ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺭﺴﻡ‬‫ﺤﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻩ‬.
2.‫ﻋﺎﺠﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺭﺌ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺴﺔ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻠﻙ‬ ،‫ﻝﻠﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻕ‬‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺤل‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬129.(‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺠﻬﺘﻪ‬‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺎﻝﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺭﻓﺽ‬‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ﺒﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻀﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩ‬‫ﺘﺎﻥ‬80‫ﻭ‬81(‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺘﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬84‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬ ،5.(‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ،‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎ‬ ،‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻠﻙ‬
)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬135(‫ﺇﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺘﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺴﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬)1/7(‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬)2/3(‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬136.(‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺯﻡ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)2/3(‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬‫ﻝﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎ‬127‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺩ‬1996‫ﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺎﺨﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻠﺜﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺎﺭ‬)‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺌﻴﺔ‬(‫ﻴﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬101‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬ ،2()5(
.‫ﺃﻗﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬‫ﻩ‬.‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﺠﻤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﺼﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬120-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬3.(‫ﻭ‬‫ﺤﺩﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻑ‬
5
-‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬1.4.3.

10. 10
‫ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻭﺕ‬‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻐﺭﻓﺘﺎﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻼﻓﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺤﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺒﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﺠﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ‬‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﺱ‬‫ﻓﻀﺎﺀ‬‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺎﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬)6(
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ،.‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬»‫ﺒﺎﻹ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬«‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻴﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺅﻁﺭ‬‫ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻘﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻜﻐﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﻐل‬ ،‫ﻫﺎﻤﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘ‬‫ﺨﻠ‬‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻰ‬)7(
.
‫ﺘﺴﺎﺀل‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺤﻭ‬‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ‬‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬25‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬-
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺩﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬12‫ﺸﺘﻨﺒﺭ‬1989.‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬25‫ﺴﺠﻠﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﻨﺔ‬:»‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬‫ﻤﻤﺜﻠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ،‫ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻭﻨﻬﻡ‬25‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺜﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬.«
3.‫ﻓ‬‫ﻤﺨﺘﻨﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﺀ‬
،‫ﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬1989‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬.‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ‬،‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬.‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬1989‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬.
6
-‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬:
« Algerien nach den Parlamentswahlen“, Isabelle Werenfels, SWP Aktuell 19, June 2002
7
-‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬1997‫ﻭ‬2004‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‬ ،90‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬:Rapport FEMISE 2005
relatif à l’Algérie)(.

11. 11
‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬1992‫ﺇﻗ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻨﻘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻬﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺒﻲ‬،،‫ﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻜﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺨﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬)8(
.‫ﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬-‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬-‫ﻨﺎﺨﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻺﻨﻘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻀﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺨﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻊ‬‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺌل‬.‫ﻋ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎﻓﺱ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻼﻭﺓ‬‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬2001)9(.
‫ﻗﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺩ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬)‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬2003‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬(.‫ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺕ‬ ،‫ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬2001‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺒﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺴﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬2002‫ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬،‫ل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻭﺘﺴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬.
،‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻌﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺠﻪ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬»‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬«،‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺠﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺩ‬‫ﻌﺒ‬‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻩ‬:
‫ﺍﻝﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻁﻨﻲ‬)10(
.
‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬1997‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ،
‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻘﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻀﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻤﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‬
1992‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺒﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺕ‬.‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬
8
-‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﻤﺎﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬.
9
-‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬–‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬–‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬.
10
-‫ﻫﺎﻤﺸﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻝﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﻼﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺎﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺩﺭﺝ‬.

12. 12
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺘﻔﻠﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻴﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺯﺏ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬.)11(
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬:‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭ‬‫ﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬:‫ﻭﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﻜﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻡ‬.(
‫ﺘﻌﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬‫ﺘﻤﻭﻗﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻺﻨﻘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺯﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ‬(‫ﺘﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﺠﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻝﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺼﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺸل‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘل‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬/‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﻁﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻡ‬(‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﺕ‬.
11
-‫ﻗﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬.

13. 13
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻬﺩ‬–‫ﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬–1954–15‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬‫ﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬–1997–156‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬1991)‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬(‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬2002
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬–1954–199‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬–1954–62‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬–1997–47‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻨﻘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬–1989)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬1992(188
‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﺤﻤﺎﺱ‬–1990–0‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬–0‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬–1990–69‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩﺍ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬–1990–38‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬–43‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬–34‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩﺍ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬–‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬1
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬–8‫ﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬–‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬1
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬–1988-‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬1 ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬–1988-0‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬–1988-0‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺏ‬–3‫ﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﻴﺒﺭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺏ‬‫ﻲ‬–‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬1
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩ‬–‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬1
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬1997
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬–1989–0‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬-1963)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
1989(–25‫ﻤﻨﺘﺨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬–1989-‫ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬-1963)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
1989(–‫ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬–1990)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬1994(–
21‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠ‬‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬–1989–19‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻯ‬-1963)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
1989(–20‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺯﺏ‬–1990)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬1994(
–4‫ﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺒﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺭﻜﺴﻲ‬

14. 14
4.‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﺎﻥ‬2007
‫ﺍﻻﻨ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬2007‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺴﺠل‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬1995‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ‬ ،.‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻨﻲ‬.‫ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻬﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻐﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‬.‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻬﺩ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻨﻲ‬.
‫ﺘﺂ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻼ‬‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺒﻲ‬:49,65%‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬1997،17,46%‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬2002.‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺏ‬:‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‬2002‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬30%‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬.‫ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬)07%58,‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬2004(‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬)76,79%‫ﻓﻲ‬2005(‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬)12(
،‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻜﻥ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺫﻜﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬.
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺭﻫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻼﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻔﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬.‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺅ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭ‬2007‫ﻗﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﺠل‬.‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﺭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻱ‬.
‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺩ‬‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺘﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬2007.
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻏﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺼﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ‬.
12
-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬.

15. 15
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ‬:‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬
1.‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬‫ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬1948‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻸﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺠﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬.‫ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬)13(
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺩﻗﺕ‬ ،
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬1989‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺸﺭﺕ‬‫ﺎﺭﺱ‬1997.
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﺽ‬25‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬:
"‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬2‫ﻗﻴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻘﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬:
)‫ﺃ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺜﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
)‫ﺏ‬(‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻨﺘﺨﺒ‬‫ﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻉ‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﺯﻴﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺨﺒﻴﻥ؛‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﺎﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
)‫ﺝ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻴﻠﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻝﺒﻼﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬ ،‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬".
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺭﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻕ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺘﺢ‬‫ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬1987‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،23‫ﻤﺎﻴ‬‫ﻭ‬2001،
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﺎﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺯﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬"‫ﺩﺭﺒﺎﻥ‬"‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬2002‫ﺒﺎﺤﺘﺭﺍ‬‫ﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬)14(
.‫ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺯﻤﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺒﻲ‬2005)15(
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻬﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬ ،
‫ﻝﻴﻭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺸﻠﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬27/28‫ﻨﻭﻨﺒﺭ‬1995.
13-‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ،20‫ﻏﺸﺕ‬1989،‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬»،‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺩﺭﺝ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬(...)،
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﻥ‬«.
14-OAU/AU Declaration on the Principles Governing Democratic Elections in Africa, Durban,
2002, http://www.pogar.org/publications/other/elections/declaration-africa-02.pdf
15-Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Community
and its Member States, of the one part, and the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria of the other
part. OJ L 265, 10 octobre 2005.

16. 16
2.‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﺽ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺘ‬‫ﻴﻥ‬12‫ﻭ‬21(‫ﺤﺭﻴ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬19(‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬22(‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬ ،»‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺭﻭﻀﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﺤﺔ‬.«
‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻀﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬1992‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻜﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬‫ﻤﺩﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬.
1.2.‫ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬
1.1.2.‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻝﻲ‬‫ﻨﺠ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﺩ‬11‫ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‬1992‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬14‫ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬9‫ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ‬1992‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺩﺓ‬‫ﺸﻬﺭﺍ‬)16(
.
‫ﺘﻠ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻭﻤﺫﺍﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻏﺘﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻤﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻁﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬)17(
.
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬.‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺎﻨﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﺜﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻼﻋﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬.‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻠﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬»‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻊ‬‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬«)‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬92-44‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ،6(،
16-‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬92-44‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬9‫ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ‬1992‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬‫ﺍﻝﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬.
17-‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬2005‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺘﻔﻠﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ،000100‫ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،00026.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺩﺭ‬
000200.

17. 17
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬»‫ﺒ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤ‬ ‫ﺎﻹﻏﻼﻕ‬‫ﺅ‬‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺸﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬«)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬7.(‫ﻤﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬93-02‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬6‫ﻓﺒﺭ‬‫ﺍﻴﺭ‬1993‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬.‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﺍﺯﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻴﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬.
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻁﺎﻝﺏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻸﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺒﺭ‬1998)18(
.‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ‬‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻴﻡ‬.
2.1.2.‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬.،‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺕ‬)19(
‫ﺩﺠﻨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬1991‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬1989.‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬)20(
‫ﻻﺯﺍل‬
18
-‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬"‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴ‬‫ﻝﻠﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭ‬.Ccpr/c/101/Add.1(State Party Report)"
19
-‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬91-19‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬2‫ﺩﺠﻨﺒﺭ‬1991‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻴﺭ‬89-28‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬31‫ﺩﺠﻨﺒﺭ‬1989.
20
-‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬91-19‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬2‫ﺩﺠﻨﺒﺭ‬1991‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻴﺭ‬89-28‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬31‫ﺩﺠﻨﺒﺭ‬1989.

18. 18
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ،‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻝﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺯ‬»‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻐﻠﻕ‬«)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬2(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻴﺱ‬»‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬«‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬1989.‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬.‫ﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻨﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻤﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬:»‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺭ‬‫ﻝﻼﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬«)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬6‫ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺓ‬.(
‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﺤ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﻭﺩﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬‫ﻴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﻴﺎ‬‫ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬)21(
.‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬;‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺘﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻜﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬)22(
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻅﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬2001‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻌﺎﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﺕ‬ ،
1992.‫ﻏﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬‫ﻋﻨﻴﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻉ‬‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﺡ‬ ،‫ﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬18‫ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‬2001
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﻊ‬»‫ﻤﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬«.‫ﻭ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬
21
-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬:
Yahia Assam :Les instruments juridiques de la répression, Dossier n°15, Comité Justice pour l’Algérie, mai
2004.
22
-‫ﺍﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎ‬‫ﺩﺓ‬18.(

19. 19
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‬2002‫ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻉ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬2004.
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬1990‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﻭﺩﺓ‬1989.
2.2‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬90-07‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬3‫ﺃﺒﺭﻴل‬1990‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬‫ﺒﺄ‬‫ﻭﻴﺤﺘﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴﺭ‬.‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻓﻅﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴل‬‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺘﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺩ‬1991-1992‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬30‫ﺸﺘﻨﺒﺭ‬1992‫ﺃ‬‫ﺴﻤﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬.‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤ‬‫ﻝﻺﺭﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻤﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬"‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻜل‬
‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬"‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬"‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻭﻀﻊ‬"‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬"‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬"،‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬)23(
‫ﺴﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬"‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺎﻓﻴﻭﻥ‬"‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬"Human Rights Watch"‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺎﻓﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬)24(".
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻝﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬–‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬–‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬.‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬
23-‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬7‫ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‬1994‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬.
24
-RSF, « Algérie- La guerre à huis clos , in : Algérie, le Livre Noir, La Découverte, 1997.