Design Patterns in Automation
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In this talk, we will talk about, and see examples of various types of patterns you can use for: - Build your Test Automation Framework - Test Data Management - Locators / IDs (for finding / interacting with elements in the browser / app) Using these patterns you will be able to build a good framework, that will help keep your tests running fast, and reliably in your CI / CD setup!
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Design Patterns in Automation
- 1. @BagmarAnand Design Patterns in Test Automation Anand Bagmar Software Quality Evangelist
- 5. @BagmarAnand Design Principles • Principle of Least Knowledge – Talk only to your immediate friends • Loose Coupled Principle – Loosely coupled design between objects that interact
- 6. What is a Pattern? @BagmarAnand
- 7. @BagmarAnand
- 9. Have you heard-of, or, used any Pattern(s) in Test Automation? @BagmarAnand
- 10. @BagmarAnand Common patterns used in test automation • Page-Object • Singleton • Composition • Factory Method • Abstract Factory • Builder • Decorator • Observer • Command • Adapter • Facade
- 13. Code sample - #1 @BagmarAnand
- 15. Applying structure to Functional Test Automation @BagmarAnand
- 17. @BagmarAnand Page Object Pattern Model pages in code Simulates user actions Reduces code duplication One place change
- 18. Code sample - #2 @BagmarAnand
- 19. @BagmarAnand Page Object Pattern Model pages in code Simulates user actions One place change Reduces code duplication Snippets of page
- 21. Code sample - #3 @BagmarAnand
- 22. @BagmarAnand Automation framework with Page Objects
- 23. @BagmarAnand Limitations of Page-Object Pattern • Test intent gets polluted • Duplication of Test intent & implementation • Intent becomes Imperative • Maintenance challenges • Scaling challenges
- 25. @BagmarAnand Automation framework with Page Objects
- 27. Code sample - #3 @BagmarAnand
- 28. @BagmarAnand Advantages of Business-layer Page-object Pattern • Validate what is important - Business requirements • Test Pyramid remains sane • Abstraction layers allow separation-of-concerns • Changes are isolated • Maintenance & Scaling becomes ‘easier’
- 30. Why do we need to think differently about Test Data? @BagmarAnand
- 31. @BagmarAnand Criteria for Test Data • Data is complex • Needs to mimic “real” data • Needs to be unique • Data can be nested • Though specified as static, may need to be Dynamic • Data can be shared and reused
- 32. @BagmarAnand Different ways to specify Test Data • In Test implementation • In Test specification / intent • In code … separate data structures / classes / etc. • External files
- 33. @BagmarAnand Test Data Specification Examples • Excel • CSV • Property • XML • YAML • Database • Json
- 34. Code sample - #4 @BagmarAnand
- 35. @BagmarAnand Criteria for selection • Easy to specify • Easy to read and consume (by test framework) • Ability to override specified data, easily • Usable
- 36. @BagmarAnand Tips for implementation • Consistent way to specify test data • Read the data – as Business Entities • Override as appropriate • Create DSL to give meaning to data • Use in test implementation • Implement Test Data Entity Utilities – Build, Equals, Copy, Find, etc.
- 38. @BagmarAnand Different ways to specify element locators • In Page-Objects • In separate files, per Page-Object • In external files / locator files
- 39. Advantages of using Patterns for Test Automation @BagmarAnand
- 40. @BagmarAnand Advantages of Design Patterns • Well known, well understood • Tried & tested solutions for common problems • Reduces complexity • Language neutral • Aid in communication
- 41. @BagmarAnand Advantages of Design Patterns in Test Automation Saves time & effort (eventually) Single ownership Test Automation Code is of Production Quality! Single point of change Easy to – - Implement - Maintain - Debug - Scale @BagmarAnand
- 42. @BagmarAnand Which is the “best” pattern to use ? https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/02/16/02/17/hands-1202488_1280.png
- 44. @BagmarAnand References • SOLID Design Principles • https://www.monterail.com/hubfs/PDF%20content/SOLID_cheatsheet.pdf • https://web.archive.org/web/20150906155800/http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/Principles_and_Patterns.pdf • https://devopedia.org/solid-design-principles • Page Objects – Google • https://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/PageObjects • Page Objects – Martin Fowler • http://martinfowler.com/bliki/PageObject.html • Perils of Page-Object Pattern – Anand Bagmar • http://essenceoftesting.blogspot.in/2014/09/perils-of-page-object-pattern.html • Test Design Consideration • http://docs.seleniumhq.org/docs/06_test_design_considerations.jsp • Sample Test Framework implementation • https://github.com/znsio/tesiz